Impact performance prediction of injection-molded talc-filled polypropylene through thermomechanical environment assessment

Due to the fact that different injection molding conditions tailor the mechanical response of the thermoplastic material, such effect must be considered earlier in the product development process. The existing approaches implemented in different commercial software solutions are very limited in their capabilities to estimate the influence of processing conditions on the mechanical properties. Thus, the accuracy of predictive simulations could be improved. In this study, we demonstrate how to establish straightforward processing-impact property relationships of talc-filled injection-molded polypropylene disc-shaped parts by assessing the thermomechanical environment (TME). To investigate the relationship between impact properties and the key operative variables (flow rate, melt and mold temperature, and holding pressure), the design of experiments approach was applied to systematically vary the TME of molded samples. The TME is characterized on computer flow simulation outputsanddefined bytwo thermomechanical indices (TMI): the cooling index (CI; associated to the core features) and the thermo-stress index (TSI; related to the skin features). The TMI methodology coupled to an integrated simulation program has been developed as a tool to predict the impact response. The dynamic impact properties (peak force, peak energy, and puncture energy) were evaluated using instrumented falling weight impact tests and were all found to be similarly affected by the imposed TME. The most important molding parameters affecting the impact properties were found to be the processing temperatures (melt andmold). CI revealed greater importance for the impact response than TSI. The developed integrative tool provided truthful predictions for the envisaged impact properties.

Phase morphology and crystallinity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(ethylene oxide) piezoelectric blend membranes

Polymer blends based on poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF and poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, with varying compositions have been prepared by solvent casting, the polymer blend films being obtained from solutions in dimethyl formamide at 70ºC. Under these conditions PVDF crystallizes from solution while PEO remains in the molten state. Then, PEO crystallizes from the melt confined by PVDF crystalls during cooling to room temperature. PVDF crystallized from DMF solutions adopt predominantly the electroactive β-phase (85%). Nevertheless when PEO is introduced in the polymer blend the β-phase content decreases slightly to 70%. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in pristine PVDF is -5 pC/N and decreases with increasing PEO content in the PVDF/PEO blends. Blend morphology, observed by electron and atomic force microscopy, shows the confinement of PEO between the already formed PVDF crystals. On the other hand the sample contraction when PEO is extracted from the blend with water (which is not a solvent for PVDF) allows proving the co-continuity of both phases in the blend. PEO crystallization kinetics have been characterized by DSC both in isothermal and cooling scans experiments showing important differences in crystalline fraction and crystallization rate with sample composition.

One-step in situ synthesis of polyamide microcapsules with inorganic payload and their transformation into responsive thermoplastic composite materials

Well-dispersed loads of finely powdered metals, metal oxides, several carbon allotropes or nanoclays are incorporated into highly porous polyamide 6 microcapsules in controllable amounts via an original one-step in situ fabrication technique. It is based on activated anionic polymerization (AAP) of ε-caprolactam in a hydrocarbon solvent performed in the presence of the respective micro- or nanosized loads. The forming microcapsules with typical diameters of 25-50 µm entrap up to 40 wt% of load. Their melt processing produces hybrid thermoplastic composites. Mechanical, electric conductivity and magnetic response measurements show that transforming of in situ loaded microcapsules into composites by melt processing (MP) is a facile and rapid method to fabricate materials with high mechanical resistance and electro-magnetic characteristics sufficient for many industrial applications. This novel concept requires low polymerization temperatures, no functionalization or compatibilization of the loads and it is easy to scale up at industrial production levels.

Estudos de dispersão de nanografite em polipropileno

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Palm community transitions along a topographic gradient from floodplain to terra firme in the eastern Amazon

Palms show clear niche segregation patterns along topographic gradients in tropical forests, with some species associated to terra firme and others to seasonally flooded areas. The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe the fine-scale spatial variation within a palm community, tracking the changes in species' abundance along environmental gradients associated with a perennial stream the eastern Amazon. The study of palm communities was based on 60 forest plots in which all adult palms were counted. We found a total of 566 palms in a community containing 11 species. Furthermore, we found a significant separation in the palm community between seasonally-flooded and terra firme forests. We found a gradient with various densities of the three most abundant palm species within the first 100 m away from the flooded area. Other species were located exclusively in the terra firme forest. The abundance of the six most common species were distributed in relation to humidity gradients from floodplains to terra firme, with palm distribution from the most flood-tolerant to the least flood-tolerant palm species as follows: Euterpe oleracea, Attalea phalerata and Socratea exorrhiza (species with floodplain affinity), Astrocaryum gynacanthum, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa (species with terra firme affinity)

Resource partitioning and ecomorphological variation in two syntopic species of Lebiasinidae (Characiformes) in an Amazonian stream

ABSTRACTResource partitioning is important for species coexistence. Species with similar ecomorphology are potential competitors, especially when phylogenetically close, due to niche conservatism. The aim of this study was to investigate the resource partitioning among populations of two species of lebiasinids (Copella nigrofasciata and Pyrrhulina aff. brevis) that co-occur in a first-order Amazonian stream, analyzing the trophic ecology, feeding strategies and ecomorphological attributes related to the use of food and space by these species. Fish were captured in May and September 2010. The stomach contents of 60 individuals were analyzed and quantified volumetrically to characterize the feeding ecology of both species. Eleven morphological attributes were measured in 20 specimens and combined in nine ecomorphological indices. Both species had an omnivorous-invertivorous diet and consumed predominantly allochthonous items. Both showed a tendency to a generalist diet, but intrapopulational variation in resource use was also detected. Overall feeding niche overlap was high, but differed between seasons: low during the rainy season and high in the dry season. In the latter, the food niche overlap was asymmetric because C. nigrofasciata consumed several prey of P. aff. brevis, which reduced its food spectrum. The ecomorphological analysis suggests that C. nigrofasciatahas greater swimming capacity (greater relative length of caudal peduncle) than P. aff. brevis, which has greater maneuverability and tendency to inhabit lentic environments (greater relative depth of the body). Our results demonstrate that these species have similar trophic ecology and suggest a spatial segregation, given by morphological differences related to locomotion and occupation of habitat, favoring their coexistence.

Modelação de governo electrónico para países emergentes: O caso de São Tomé e Príncipe

Tese de Doutoramento em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação

A network approach to brain aging through multimodal neuroimaging

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Saúde.

Evaluation of the performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete in elevated slab systems; from the material to the structure

Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Structural/Civil Engineering

Development of multifunctional coatings deposited on polymers based sensors for biomedical applications

Tese de Doutoramento (Programa Doutoral em Engenharia de Materiais)

"Quando sair, só quero trabalhar como aqui": perspetivas em torno da Reinserção Social das mulheres ciganas no pós-reclusão

Dissertação de mestrado em Crime, Diferença e Desigualdade

Antibacterial properties of multifunctional coatings Ag-ZrCN for biomedical devices: a novel approach

PhD in Sciences Specialty in Physics

In-line rheo-optical microstructural characterization of complex polymer systems

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de Polímeros e Compósitos.

Resonancia Magnética Nuclear en aleaciones moleculares y sistemas heterogéneos

La Resonancia Cuadrupolar Nuclear ha tratado desde siempre de resolver uno de los problemas de la Física del Sólido que es el estudio de cristales impuros, en particular, la naturaleza y concentración de moléculas de impurezas en cristales moleculares. Estos estudios han presentado problemas relacionados con los diagramas de estado de las soluciones sólidas y las condiciones asociadas al enfriamiento ya que se encontraban una variedad de soluciones con concentraciones diferentes a las del "melt". Las aleaciones de compuestos moleculares A(x)B(1-x) son materiales cuya originalidad y riqueza están en que variando la composición, la temperatura de fusión puede ser ajustada a condiciones óptimas de trabajo. Estas propiedades los convierte en tecnológicamente atractivos, particularmente como almacenadores de energía y protectores térmicos. Para comprender el proceso de formación de una aleación molecular es de fundamental importancia el conocimiento de las estructuras, las diferentes fases termodinámicas y la estabilidad de las mismas. (...) Los objetivos más inmediatos del estudio de las aleaciones por RCN son: a) Determinar la naturaleza física de las interacciones que se manifiestan en los espectros de RCN. b) Determinar las leyes estadísticas que describen la distribución de moléculas de "impurezas sustitucionales" en el cristal de la aleación. c) Determinar la influencia de factores de simetría en el espectro de RCN de las aleaciones. Por otra parte, dado lo laborioso y complejo de la determinación de los diagramas de fase y estabilidad de las mismas, se utilizan los métodos de la Mecánica Estadística para calcular los diagramas de fase de las aleaciones moleculares. Las simulaciones Montecarlo de hamiltonianos tipo Ising utilizadas para modelar estas aleaciones binarias permitirán además comprobar la validez de los potenciales transferibles átomo-átomo en los bencenos sustituidos al utilizarlos éstos para calcular las constantes de acoplamiento Jij.

Materiales de interés tecnológico

Este es un proyecto que tiene por objetivo general dar continuidad a las investigaciones relacionadas a materiales de interés tecnológico que el Grupo Ciencia de Materiales de Fa.M.A.F lleva a cabo. Las diferentes líneas de trabajo se pueden agrupar en tres grandes temas: aceros y superaleaciones basadas en Fe y Ni; cerámicos magnéticos [filtros moleculares de sílice del tipo ZSM-5, MCM-41 y MCM-48 modificados con Fe, Co, Mn; hematita nanométrica] y aleaciones metálicas magnéticas [CoCu, nanohilos y multicapas de CoM y FeM (M= Pt y Pd); aleaciones de tipo Heusler Mn-Ni-Ga, aleaciones CoSiB y FeSiB nanoestructuradas ]. El primer tema apunta a la optimización de las propiedades mecánicas de aceros de medio carbono y baja aleación, de producción nacional y aptos para construcciones mecánicas, y al desarrollo de superaleaciones (Fe,Ni) de alta temperatura, para su aplicación en pequeñas Turbomáquinas Térmicas. En el caso de materiales magnéticos cerámicos y metálicos, el objetivo es la producción y el desarrollo de nanoestructuras novedosas, con propiedades especiales, de potencial uso en nano-dispositivos y nanotecnología en general. En todos los casos se plantea la producción del material de interés a escala laboratorio, con control de las variables del proceso, la caracterización de la microestructura resultante y sus propiedades relevantes. Luego se establecen las correlaciones proceso-microestructura y microestructura–propiedades y se formalizan en modelos para los diferentes mecanismos que operan tanto durante la etapa de proceso (modelos de solidificación, de deposición, de aleado mecánico) como los involucrados en las propiedades de interés (modelos de magnetización, transporte, deformación). En este esquema se busca optimizar las propiedades. El presente proyecto fortalecerá además el área Ciencia de Materiales en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, formando en el nivel de grado y posgrado a ingenieros y físicos en esta disciplina. En el área de materiales cerámicos magnéticas nos dedicaremos (en colaboración con CiTeQ-UTN-FRC) a la producción y caracterización de filtros moleculares de sílice de amplio uso en procesos de catálisis, modificados por la incorporación de especies magnéticas. La incorporación del material magnético se realizará mediante técnicas hidrotérmicas y de impregnación. Los composites obtenidos se estudiarán con dos propósitos: evaluar los efectos de la funcionalización magnética sobre el desempeño del filtro de sílice como catalizador de diferentes reacciones y describir las propiedades magnéticas de las pequeñas (2 a 5 nm) nanoestructuras encapsuladas en los poros. Se continuará con la producción y caracterización de partículas de ferritas, con propiedades determinadas a partir del control de los distintos parámetros que intervienen en la síntesis. En la línea de aleaciones metálicas magnéticas se estudiarán las aleaciones de Heusler, con memoria de forma magnetica, las aleaciones CuCo con magneto-resistencia gigante y las aleaciones (Co,Fe)SiB con magnetoimpedancia gigante. Se aplicará la técnica de melt spinning con dos rodillos, a la producción de estas aleaciones. En el caso de aceros de medio carbono el plan propuesto apunta a identificar los micromecanismos de deformación y fractura que pueden operar en estas microestructuras. Se realizará el "collar test" con el objetivo de propagar una grieta radialmente hacia el centro del collar y luego poder observar la sección de material que la contiene. Esta serie de experimentos y observaciones permitirán localizar el inicio de la grieta y avanzar sobre la determinación del tipo de partículas que actúan como intermediarios en la propagación. Se espera que estos antecedentes más los resultados metalográficos arrojen luz sobre los mecanismos de fractura del acero IRAM – IAS 15B41