Aspectos da composição química e aceitação sensorial da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar envelhecida em tonéis de diferentes madeiras

Este trabalho determinou aspectos da composição química e aceitação sensorial da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar envelhecida por 3 anos em tonéis de diferentes madeiras (amendoim, araruva, cabreúva, carvalho, cerejeira, grápia, ipê-roxo, jequitibá e pereira). O destilado alcoólico simples que originou a aguardente foi produzido na Destilaria Piloto da ESALQ/USP. Após envelhecimento, as aguardentes foram avaliadas quanto ao grau alcoólico, acidez volátil, furfural, aldeídos, ésteres, álcoois superiores, álcool metílico, cobre, compostos fenólicos totais, cor e aceitação sensorial. Independentemente da madeira com que o tonel foi construído, a aguardente envelhecida apresentou coloração mais escura e maior concentração de acidez volátil, de furfural, de ésteres, de álcoois superiores, de congêneres e de compostos fenólicos totais que o destilado alcoólico simples. Por outro lado, a aguardente envelhecida apresentou menor concentração de aldeídos, de metanol e de cobre que o destilado alcoólico simples. A análise estatística geral, considerando a composição físico-química global das aguardentes envelhecidas nos tonéis das diferentes madeiras indicou similaridades entre as aguardentes envelhecidas nos tonéis de amendoim, araruva e jequitibá; entre as aguardentes envelhecidas nos tonéis de cabreúva e pereira; e entre as aguardentes envelhecidas nos tonéis de carvalho, cerejeira, grápia e ipê-roxo. A aguardente envelhecida nos tonéis das diferentes madeiras manteve-se dentro de todos os padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação nacional em vigor. A aguardente envelhecida na madeira carvalho foi a que apresentou a melhor aceitação sensorial. Dentre as madeiras nacionais, ipê-roxo, amendoim, cabreúva, cerejeira e pereira foram aquelas que propiciaram as melhores qualidades sensoriais à aguardente.

Biotechnological richness of the northeastern semi-arid region: antioxidant activity of casein hydrolysates from Moxotó goat milk (Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758) obtained by papain action

This study aimed to identify antioxidant peptides from caprine casein hydrolysates by papain application using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, and a 2² full factorial design, with 4 axial points, in order to evaluate kinetic parameters (time and pH) effects on the degree of hydrolysis as well as the antioxidant activity of Moxotó goat milk casein peptides. Degree of hydrolysis was determined by total and soluble protein ratio in casein. Antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS method with 2, 2-cation-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). TROLOX was used as standard. Peptide pattern and sequence of antioxidant amino acids were obtained using MALDI-TOF/MS. The highest degree of hydrolysis (28.5%) and antioxidant activity (2329.6 mmol.L TROLOX. mg- 1 peptide) were observed in the permeate. NENLL, NPWDQVK and LLYQEPVLGPV peptides, detected in the permeate, were pointed as the responsible for antioxidant activity, suggesting their potential application as food supplement and pharmaceutical products.

Hydration kinetics, physicochemical composition, and textural changes of transgenic corn kernels of flint, semi-flint, and dent varieties

The hydration kinetics of transgenic corn types flint DKB 245PRO, semi-flint DKB 390PRO, and dent DKB 240PRO was studied at temperatures of 30, 40, 50, and 67 °C. The concentrated parameters model was used, and it fits the experimental data well for all three cultivars. The chemical composition of the corn kernels was also evaluated. The corn cultivar influenced the initial rate of absorption and the water equilibrium concentration, and the dent corn absorbed more water than the other cultivars at the four temperatures analyzed. The effect of hydration on the kernel texture was also studied, and it was observed that there was no significant difference in the deformation force required for all three corn types analyzed with longer hydration period.

Eventos vitais estressores e lesão renal aguda em centros de terapia semi-intensiva e intensiva

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos evidenciam que as alterações fisiopatológicas, quando associadas ao estresse, podem influenciar a fisiologia renal e estão associadas ao aparecimento de doenças. Entretanto, não foi encontrado nenhum estudo que tivesse realizado investigação associando estresse e lesão renal aguda. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre os eventos vitais estressores e o diagnóstico de lesão renal aguda, especificando as classes de eventos mais estressores para esses pacientes, nos últimos 12 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle. Foi realizado no Hospital São Paulo da Universidade Federal de São Paulo e no Hospital dos Servidores do Estado de São Paulo. Foram incluídos pacientes com lesão renal aguda, sem doenças crônicas, assistidos em Centros de Terapia Intensiva ou semi-intensivas. Os Controles incluíram pacientes assistidos nos mesmos Centros de Terapia Intensiva, com outras doenças agudas, exceto lesão renal aguda e, também, sem doenças crônicas. Dos 579 pacientes inicialmente identificados, 475 responderam ao instrumento Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) e 398 pacientes foram pareados por idade e sexo (199 casos/199 controles). RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que a frequência dos eventos vitais estressores nos casos apresentava equivalência estatística aos controles. A regressão logística para examinar os efeitos combinados das variáveis independentes associados aos eventos estressantes evidenciou que: o aumento da idade e as classes econômicas AB intensificam a chance da presença do evento estressante em cerca de duas vezes; as classes socioeconômicas AB do Hospital São Paulo elevam a chance de evento estressante. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo não evidenciou que o grupo com lesão renal aguda estivesse associado à maior frequência de eventos estressores, mas idade e renda elevadas e, ainda, o tipo de centro clínico estão associados.

From semi-stagnation to growth in a sino-centric market

According to recent available information, the Brazilian economy may be entering a cycle of sustained growth. The dominant current interpretation points to the progresses made in terms of monetary stability, Balance of Payments and structural reforms. Indeed, without monetary stability and the commercial opening of the economy, investments would not be increasing and credit growth would not be helping the emergence of millions of new consumers. But these achievements should be taken as generally conditioning, rather than actually shaping the new picture. Some unexpected (not rarely positive) consequences of overcoming the long enduring semi-stagnation, the emergence of China as a major player, and its consequences on the necessary re-structuring of the Brazilian industry, seem to be decisive in the present day redefinition of the Brazilian GDP growth potential.

Phonon spectra and thermodynamic properties of rare gas solids based on empirical and semi-empirical (ab initio) two-body potentials : a comparative study /

We study the phonon dispersion, cohesive and thermal properties of raxe gas solids Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, using a variety of potentials obtained from different approaches; such as, fitting to crystal properties, purely ab initio calculations for molecules and dimers or ab initio calculations for solid crystalline phase, a combination of ab initio calculations and fitting to either gas phase data or sohd state properties. We explore whether potentials derived with a certain approaxih have any obvious benefit over the others in reproducing the solid state properties. In particular, we study phonon dispersion, isothermal ajid adiabatic bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and elastic (shear) constants as a function of temperatiue. Anharmonic effects on thermal expansion, specific heat, and bulk moduli have been studied using A^ perturbation theory in the high temperature limit using the neaxest-neighbor central force (nncf) model as developed by Shukla and MacDonald [4]. In our study, we find that potentials based on fitting to the crystal properties have some advantage, particularly for Kr and Xe, in terms of reproducing the thermodynamic properties over an extended range of temperatiures, but agreement with the phonon frequencies with the measured values is not guaranteed. For the lighter element Ne, the LJ potential which is based on fitting to the gas phase data produces best results for the thermodynamic properties; however, the Eggenberger potential for Ne, where the potential is based on combining ab initio quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, produces results that have better agreement with the measured dispersion, and elastic (shear) values. For At, the Morse-type potential, which is based on M0ller-Plesset perturbation theory to fourth order (MP4) ab initio calculations, yields the best results for the thermodynamic properties, elastic (shear) constants, and the phonon dispersion curves.

Perturbing the impulse activity of a single identified neuron augments the formation of long-term memory in a molluscan semi-intact preparation /

The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of operant conditioning in a semi-intact preparation of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Lymnaea learns, via operant conditioning, to reduce its aerial respiratory behaviour in response to an aversive tactile stimulus to its open pneumostome. This thesis demonstrates the successful conditioning of na'ive semiintact preparations to show learning in the dish. Furthermore, these conditioned preparations show long-term memory that persists for at least 18 hours. As the neurons that generate this behaviour have been previously identified I can, for the first time, monitor neural activity during both learning and long-term memory consolidation in the same preparation. In particular, I record from the respiratory neuron Right Pedal Dorsal 1 (RPeD 1) which is part of the respiratory central pattern generator. In this study, I demonstrate that preventing RPeDl impulse activity between training sessions reduces the number of sessions needed to produce long-term memory in the present semi-intact preparation.

Some electrical properties of semi-conductor crystals / |nPhyu Phyu Khin. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

SiC and AtB 12 have been prepared and their resistivities and Hall voltages measured. The resistivities and Hall voltages were measured by the Van der Pauw's method, using spring loaded tungsten contacts. In this method, the major requirement is to have samples of plane parallel surfaces of arbitrary shape with four small contacts at the circumference. Similar measurements were made with a number of SiC crystals obtained from the Norton Research Corporation (Canada)-Ltd., Carolina Aluminum Co., Exolon Co. and Carborundum Co. It was found that resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility of ions depend on the type of impurity. AtB 12 was prepared from the melt containing At and B in the ratio of 4:1. They formed amber-colour pseudo tetragonal crystals. As the crystals obtained were small for electrical measurements, hot pressed lumps have been used to measure their resistivity.

Síntesis cinemática de un cambiador de páginas semi-automático

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Diseño) UANL Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, 1997

Los Dioses de Grecia y Roma ó mitología Greco-Romana, Historia de los Dioses, semi-Dioses y héroes del gentilismo clásico, de sus dogmas, misterios, fiestas y ceremonias, con el relato de las tradiciones heróico-mitológicas, y observaciones críticas y artísticas

UANL

Le traitement semi-collectif des charges fertilisantes provenant de la production porcine, pour en faire un produit commercialisable, est-il une solution rentable ?

Rapport de recherche

Semi-Parametric Weak Instrument Regressions with an Application to the Risk-Return Trade-off

Recent work shows that a low correlation between the instruments and the included variables leads to serious inference problems. We extend the local-to-zero analysis of models with weak instruments to models with estimated instruments and regressors and with higher-order dependence between instruments and disturbances. This makes this framework applicable to linear models with expectation variables that are estimated non-parametrically. Two examples of such models are the risk-return trade-off in finance and the impact of inflation uncertainty on real economic activity. Results show that inference based on Lagrange Multiplier (LM) tests is more robust to weak instruments than Wald-based inference. Using LM confidence intervals leads us to conclude that no statistically significant risk premium is present in returns on the S&P 500 index, excess holding yields between 6-month and 3-month Treasury bills, or in yen-dollar spot returns.

Effets de la promotion des exportations sur la croissance économique à travers le temps, Cas des pays semi-industrialisés.

Rapport de recherche