A letra escarlate como romance histórico: uma história de fragilidade humana e tristeza

The objective of this paper is to analyze the work of the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864), The Scarlet Letter (1850), in the light of the contributions of Literature and History of the American people in the context of New England. Accordingly, we highlight aspects that justify the inclusion of the work as a historical novel, especially based on the reading of The Historical Novel (1936-37) written by Georg Lukács. The diversity of voices and social interrelationships that come out of the main characters of the plot of the novel, as well as their contextual buildings, constituted as important traces to understanding the novel as being of historical value. During our study, we found out that it is in the plots of the novels that the characters reflect, at the same time, the specific conditions of their singularities, the general trends of the historical process and the social conditions from which they arise. We also could see that it is in their singularities that lie special tendencies of human beings. Our references to this study came from scholars as Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985), Cunlife (1986), Candido (1993) and Schwarz (1981)

O ensino de conteúdos de História e Filosofia da Ciência

O presente trabalho de pesquisa consistiu em duas etapas: (i) produção de um Guia de Estudos em que a história das pesquisas sobre a febre amarela (1881-1903) foi usada como subsídio para a discussão de alguns importantes aspectos do processo de produção de conhecimentos na ciência; (ii) realização de experiência pedagógica em que o Guia de Estudos foi aplicado junto a alunos do ensino médio. Os resultados obtidos forneceram evidência da viabilidade do uso da História da Ciência no Ensino de Ciências.

A História entre Tempos e Contratempos: Fontes Ibiapina e a obscura invenção do Piauí

Dans ce texte, nous prenons avec probleme le départment bresilien de Piauí comme espacialité de la Région « Nordeste », suivant les instants de son insertion politique et discursif dans l'identité régionale, qui s'est donnée entre la fin des années 1950 et débuts des années 1970. Pour ceci, nous proposons une analyse de discours identitaires de Piauí comme la littérature et le folklore produits alors, cherchant à rapporter telles discours avec les pratiques et intérêts politiques qui ont concouru pour la « nordestinization » de Piauí. Parmi ces discours et dans dialogue avec eux, nous prenons centralement l'oeuvre du juge et ecrivain João Nonon de Moura Fontes Ibiapina, emisseur de signes qui apparaît en ce moment. Notre objectif est discuter les images élaborées sur Piauí et son inclusion dans les stéréotypes cristallisés de Nordeste, comme la pauvreté et la nécessité, la vie dans le champs et la prédominance d'une « culture populaire » régionale. Dans une période d'importantes mutations dans la société brésilienne, dans la production culturelle, dans heurtes régionalistes Nordeste et dans les formes de penser et pratiquer les espaces, les intellectuels de Piauí que nous étudions ont essayé de recouvrir de mots et de sens la noirceur et l'incommode silence concernant le Piauí dans la Nation bresilienne, quand le déparment s'intégrait, au moyen de la Région, au Brésil urbain et industrialisé

A invenção da Terra da Luz: história, literatura e paisagem (1875-1914)

Ce travail est un étude de cas qui analyse la construction litéraire du paysage du « Sertão» du Ceará entre la fin du siècle XIX et le début du siècle XX. Pour cela, quelques oeuvre simbole de la production litéraire du Ceará ont été sélectionnés, comme les textes qui suivent: O sertanejo (1875), de José Martiniano de Alencar; Os retirantes (1879), de José Carlos do Patrocínio; A fome (1890), de Rodolfo Marcos Teófilo; Luzia-Homem (1903), de Domingos Olímpio Braga Cavalcanti; Terra de sol: natureza e costumes do Norte (1912), de Gustavo Dodt Barroso et finalement, Aves de arribação (1914), de Antônio Sales. Ces oeuvres non seulement prend la nature comme personage, elles représentent aussi trois moments de la production litéraire du Ceará : romantique, réaliste et naturaliste. A invenção da Terra da Luz se rapporte à l idée d une littérature qui fait remarquer le paysage diurne du Sertão du Ceará, élaborée par ces hommes des lettres dans ses discours formidables, beaux et des matériaux qui viennent de ses rapports avec le monde naturel. Pour réaliser une tel entreprise, les idées de Edmund Burke et Gaston Bachelard se sont constitués en référence de cet étude. Et cette réflexion sur la description, la rêverie et l imagination marchent côte-à-côte au discours de ces littéreurs qui ont construits un espace simbolique spécifique : le sertão du Ceará. Comme ça, quelques thèmes deviennent canonique à la forme de penser, représenter et imaginer l espace du sertão du Ceará. De cette manière, le paysage est beaucoup plus que la contemplation, une fois qu elle est liée aussi à la rêverie poétique, à la mémoire et l imagination. C est de là l invention du paysage, car ces littéreurs n ont pas l accès au paysage purement naturel parce que ses perceptions et sensibilitées sur le monde du sertão ont été historiquement, c est-à-dire, dans un certain temps et espace

História, filosofia e espaços: a idéia de ocidente em Oswald Spengler

This article claim to estabilish a epistemologic discourse from the science history´s point of view in a moment where its statute,methods , approachs and possibility conditions, in history´s crisis period, depares itself in risk, as universitary institutions as european´s social imagination about knowing for excellence. Our spotlight though is the concept of space, a strong question to a timeless snip, once philosophy and History renounced this concept due to the time question, so commum used until nowdays in both discourses. From this perspective, we search to elucidate Spengler´s history and space point of view, attempting to the occidental idea produced by the author, tapping to the symbolical and discursive dynamics and its dialogic relation with westerner´s political and cultural in the end of XIX century toward second great war. Thereby Spengler´s effort was always crucial to define concepts of history, science, art, space,civilizations, culture, city, country and mainly discussing spenglerian relation to social-political facts that sorrounded him. And finally, his project of cientific revolution, which was displayed by Spengler as a challenge to History of science´s paradigm

História, memória e espaços: experiências dos ex-combatentes de Parelhas-RN na defesa do litoral brasileiro durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial

The present essay has how I aim to analyse the memories of the ex-combatants of Parelhas-RN, specially of the components of the Força de Vigilância e Segurança do Litoral - FVSL, protagonists of the Brazilian participation in the scenery of the Second World war. Along this we looked to understand in which surrounding geographicalpartner these men were living before the War and what were the consequences of a brusque change of space owing to the convocation for the Armed Brazilian Strength in that historical context. The defense of the Brazilian coast during the War was not a so simple task, I have in mind the precariedade logistics of the Armed Strength, the attacks of submarines of the Axle that killed hundreds of civilians and Brazilian soldiers and the net of espionage mounted by Germany in Brazil. Leaving from the notion of collective memory and estrangement in Maurice Halbwachs, we will use the oral history like principal methodology, with the end of rescue these underground memories what also will make possible us the vision realizes that the protagonists themselves have of the event, besides the use of documents, photos, maps and any sort of fountains that make possible us to rebuild the scenery of Parelhas in the beginning of the War and the trajectory of life of his veterans

O Comitê pela anistia no Rio Grande do Norte e a Associação Norte-Rio-Grandense de Anistiados Políticos como espaços de história, memória e política(1979-2001)

This work is about a search that takes the Comitê pela Anistia no Rio Grande do Norte and the Associação Norte-Rio-Grandense de Anistiados Políticos as Political Spaces capable of expressing History, Memory and Politic. And has as main objective analyzing the amnesty process in the State from these Spaces of political struggle and of resistance, from the 1970s until the early 2000s. The discussion of amnesty and struggle for rights and remedies are still present today on the political agenda of the country, which demonstrates the importance and the incompleteness of the amnesty. Beyond the oral sources, which are essential for understanding periods of oppression, we also used written sources, such as digital and printed newspapers, laws, meeting minutes, pamphlets of political parties, magazines, theses, dissertations, among others. We made the crossing of oral sources with written guides us as Paul Thompson, highlighting the importance of Memory, especially of Collective Memory in line with the perception of Maurice Halbwachs. Work the concept of history approached by Jacques Le Goff and Politic from the perspective of Hannah Arendt. And consider the space from the approach taken by Doreen Massey

A escrita do tempo e a poética do espaço:história e espaço no livro Geografia do Brasil Holandês de Luís da Câmara Cascudo

In 1956, Luís da Câmara Cascudo published his book Geografia do Brasil Holandês. In this book, he studied and described a space - the Dutch Brazil - from a geographical and historical perspective. To do this, he articulated both perspectives from the point of view of his own reading of the History of Nordeste , establishing a dialogue with the historiographical tradition of the study of the Dutch Brazil in Pernambuco. When portraying the Dutch presence in Nordeste, Cascudo articulated a drama in which the Dutch would have their history described as a typically tragic plot, portrayed as if they were already condemned to failure in advance. To this tragedy he opposed a predominantly comic Portuguese plot, as if the Portuguese victory over the Dutch was as desirable as inevitable for the space of Nordeste . When narrating the clash between the Dutch and the Portuguese for the space of Nordeste , however, Cascudo ended up delineating his own place of speech, as a spokesperson for the identity of the potiguar space in opposition to the pernabucano space described by Freyre and Gonsalves de Mello. In this way, the space of Rio Grande do Norte would have its own identity, constructed from de Dutch absence and constituted from the Portuguese legacy contrarily to the space of Pernambuco, narrated from an articulation and a conciliation of the Flemish and Lusitan legacy, even though highlighting the latter. While the Dutch would had been a constant presence in the history of Pernambuco for Freyre and Gonsalves de Mello, they wouldn t have gone beyond legend in the space of Rio Grande do Norte, removed from its geography and erased from its history. When describing de geography of the potiguar space, therefore, Cascudo articulates the inexistence of the History of a time dominated by the Fleming with the search of a Portuguese space, trough the narration of its origins and constitution, as well as the registry of the characteristics of its legacy

Um Ensaio Sobre História Oral e Educação Matemática: pontuando princípios e procedimentos

Recently, we can perceive an intensification of assignments developed into Mathematical Education with the use of oral history as a research methodology. In this article, facing the living experiences during the preparation of our Phd tasks and later, when we had the role of advisors of scientific papers and of Postgraduate students in their researches also using the same methodology, we discussed the implication of ethics, mathematical education and oral history. Furthermore, we enunciated possibilities of the posture of the researcher before interviews, texts and iconography - photos and several images-provided by collaborators of our projects on Oral history and Mathematical Education.

Parahyba ou João Pessoa? Um estudo sobre a função social da História

Este trabalho é uma discussão sobre as funções sociais da História e da Memória. Para tanto, foi pensado diante do 80º aniversário da Revolução de 1930, marco da (re)fundação da capital paraibana, pois esta memória e a produção historiográfica a respeito do tema nos é bastante instigante. Falar de João Pessoa, seja da cidade, seja do indivíduo; no que se refere aos episódios de 1930, é tocar em um assunto bastante passional, onde chegar a um consenso é algo extremamente improvável. O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar as funções sociais da História e suas utilizações, notadamente por meio do nosso objeto de estudo, buscando contribuir para a compreensão de como a memória e a escrita da História são frutos do trabalho constante das sociedades que as engendram. Estudar sobre a produção da memória e da historiografia bem como a função da escrita da História sobre esses episódios, entendendo-os como espaços específicos de disputas, notadamente sobre os embates de memórias nos últimos dez anos, trazendo novas reflexões sobre as funções sociais destas memórias

As chaves para o mundo do quinto império: as imagens de mundo na história do futuro do padre Antonio Vieira

Iconic historical figure, Antônio Vieira (1608-1697) is regarded as an essential character to the Luso-Brazilian history. Between 1646 and 1667, the priest began writing the History of the Future, the first volume of the celebrated "Clavis Prophetarum , political and theological unity that would leverage the process of spread of Christianity across the globe, recognizing Portugal as forefront and center of all millenarian movement. Them, Jesuit represented the "World" in two metaphors: "theater" and "body" responsible for viewing spaces of abstract Christian truth. Starting from the hermeneutical assumptions of analysis, we investigated the historical relations present in the construction of such representations, by which establish the dialogue between politics, theology and seventeenth-century rhetoric. Therefore, the following study supports the hypothesis that beyond a mere stylistic expressions, spatial metaphors of "World" were formulated by Antonio Vieira as a resource that could sharpen the minds of his readers, engaging words into action, become alive and effective use of rhetoric

Efeitos da história térmica nas propriedades do polímero pet: um experimento para ensino de análise térmica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Museu Paulista e trocas intelectuais na escrita da História de Afonso de Taunay

Com o objetivo de compreender a trajetória intelectual de Afonso Taunay pretende-se analisar os intercâmbios estabelecidos entre este historiador e parte de sua rede de sociabilidade reunida em torno da escrita da História de São Paulo no período de 1911 a 1929. Acredita-se que o Museu Paulista assumiu o papel de possibilidade para a escrita da História realizada pelo autor, facilitando a aquisição de obras e documentos, bem como fortalecendo conexões importantes para a concretização de suas obras. A correspondência apresenta-se como principal fonte deste estudo.

Como se escreveu a história do Brasil nas primeiras décadas do século XX

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Apontamentos sobre a publicação de História da vida privada em Portugal: entrevista com José Mattoso

Interview given to Leandro Alves by Jose Teodoro Mattoso, professor at the New University of Lisbon, a renowned medievalist and author of several important works on Portuguese historiography. He recently coordinated the publication of the History of private life in Portugal, a work encompassing the Middle Ages through to the present day, addressing the field of study of behaviors and mentalities, which until then had barely been touched upon by Portuguese historians. Seeking to outline a historiographical perspective regarding the use of the history of mentalities in Portugal, a series of questions were prepared to put to Mattoso about the interests that led him to organize such a collection of unpublished essays.