Notas de Población Vol. 43 N° 102

La edición núm. 102 de Notas de Población llega a los lectores con un diverso catálogo de temas de suma importancia en el campo de los estudios demográficos y de la población de América Latina y el Caribe. Estos temas, que se analizan a lo largo de los 12 artículos que conforman este volumen, abarcan resumidamente los censos y las proyecciones de población, el análisis de la fecundidad en relación con las características de las uniones, el derecho a la salud de las personas de edad, el envejecimiento demográfico en el Brasil, las formas de convivencia de los latinoamericanos en España, la migración uruguaya de retorno desde aquel país europeo, el proceso de urbanización en el Brasil, la segregación espacial en ciudades mineras de Chile, la movilidad laboral femenina en México, el impacto de la explotación minero-energética en Colombia, los rostros diversificados del envejecimiento en el Brasil y las interrelaciones entre escolaridad, estrato social y formación de la unión en México.

PADRÕES DE PRODUTIVIDADE EM PESQUISA NA LITERATURA DE FINANÇAS: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO NOS PRINCIPAIS PERIÓDICOS CIENTÍFICOS NACIONAIS NO PERÍODO DE 2005 A 2014

A Administração Financeira surge no início do século XIX juntamente com o movimento de consolidação das grandes empresas e a formação dos mercados nacionais americano enquanto que no Brasil os primeiros estudos ocorrem a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Desde entãoo país conseguiu consolidar alguns centros de excelência em pesquisa, formar grupo significativo de pesquisadores seniores e expandir as áreas de pesquisa no campo, contudo, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que buscam retratar as características da produtividade científica em Finanças. Buscando contribuir para a melhor compreensão do comportamento produtivo dessa área a presente pesquisa estuda sua produção científica, materializada na forma de artigos digitais, publicados em 24 conceituados periódicos nacionais classificados nos estratos Qualis/CAPES A2, B1 e B2 da Área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo. Para tanto são aplicadas a Lei de Bradford, Lei do Elitismo de Price e Lei de Lotka. Pela Lei de Bradford são identificadas três zonas de produtividade sendo o núcleo formado por três revistas, estando uma delas classificada no estrato Qualis/CAPES B2, o que evidencia a limitação de um recorte tendo como único critério a classificação Qualis/CAPES. Para a Lei do Elitismo de Price, seja pela contagem direta ou completa, não identificamos comportamento de uma elite semelhante ao apontado pela teoria e que conta com grande número de autores com apenas uma publicação.Aplicando-se o modelo do Poder Inverso Generalizado, calculado por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), verificamos que produtividade dos pesquisadores, quando feita pela contagem direta, se adequa àquela definida pela Lei de Lotka ao nível de α = 0,01 de significância, contudo, pela contagem completa não podemos confirmar a hipótese de homogeneidade das distribuições, além do fato de que nas duas contagens a produtividade analisada pelo parâmetro n é maior que 2 e, portanto, a produtividade do pesquisadores de finanças é menor que a defendida pela teoria.

Desenho de deficiência visual: uma experiência no ensino de artes visuais na perspectiva da educação inclusiva

Over the past 30 years, Art Education in interface with disabilities has been a subject of increasing interest in research in academia, especially with regard to Special Education, but still has some shortages in terms of socialization studies to discuss this type of teaching from the perspective of inclusive education. In this scenario, this paper presents an analysis from the field of teaching Visual Arts in the context of school inclusion, with emphasis on teaching drawing to the visually impaired. The conducted literature indicates a number of authors who discuss teaching drawing to people with visual disabilities, who are dedicated primarily to the Special Education context. In this sense, the shortage of research that discuss this teaching from the perspective of inclusive education, this research aimed at the inclusive approach to teaching drawing in the school context. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a proposal for a pedagogical intervention in Visual Arts, with reference to drawing and its construction process, with the participation of seeing and unseeing students. Therefore, the methodological approach, which was qualitative, was the intervention research, in the light of the Bakhtinian principles of dialogism and otherness, with exploratory study characteristics. The locus of the research was the State School Admiral Newton Braga Faria, which is located in Alecrim, on the East Zone of Natal / RN and is near the Institute for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind - IERC / RN. The class chosen for intervention was the 7th grade “C” afternoon shift, which had children aged 12 to 16, with 27 students enrolled, three students with disabilities: 02 blind girls and 01 deafblind boy with light hearing and visual loss. As interlocutors of the research, we could also count on the Art teacher who served as a collaborator, as well as teacher in the school’s Multifunction Resource Room. The instruments and research procedures were observation, semi-structured interview, field diary and the photo / video recording. In the development of research, we conducted 10 workshops with multisensory teaching sequences, articulating the physical, tactile and graphical expressions as intrinsic to the reading and production of drawing for both seeing and unseeing students. The process and data built on research allowed for a reflection on cultural experiences with drawing in the school context and on the interactions between seeing and unseeing students in the production and analysis of tactile-visual drawings. They also point out the construction of a teaching approach to drawing, in the context of the common class, from educational workshops that enable artistic and aesthetic interactions from the perspective of school inclusiveness. Thus, we argued that the mobilization of the tactile, physical and graphical expressions can be adopted in a multisensory approach that enables a pedagogical focus that involves all students and is not restricted to the presence of students with visual impairment.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de nanoemulsões cosméticas contendo extrato de Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill e avaliação in vivo da eficácia hidratante

Nanoemulsions are emulsified systems, characterized for reduced droplet size (50- 500nm), which the main characteristic are kinect stability and thermodynamic instability. These are promising systems on cosmetic area due to their droplet size that provide different advantages when compared to conventional systems, among others, larger surface area and better permeability. The Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill is a plant cultivated on Caatinga Brazilian biome, which has great socioeconomic importance to region. This plant shows carbohydrates utilized for cosmetic industry as moisturizing active in their chemical composition. The aim of study was to develop, characterize, evaluate stability and moisturizing efficacy of cosmetic nanoemulsions added to Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill extract. Nanoemulsions preparation was made using a low energy method. Different nanoemulsions were formulated varying the ratio of oil, water and surfactant phases beyond xanthan gum (0.5% e 1%) and Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill hydroglycolic extract addition on 1% and 3%. Obtained nanoemulsions were submitted to preliminary and accelerated stability tests. The evaluated parameters monitored were: macroscopic aspect, pH value, droplet size, zeta potential and polydispersion index, during 60 days on different temperatures. Stable formulations were submitted to moisturizing efficacy assessment by capacitance and transepidermal water loss methodologies during 5 hours. Stable samples were white and showed homogeneous and fluid aspect, pH value was inside ideal range (4,5-6,0) to topical application and droplet size under 200nm characterizing these system as nanoemulsions. Developed nanoemulsions did not decrease transepidermal water loss, however increased the water content on stratum corneum, highlighting the nanoemulsions containing 0.5% of xanthan gum and 1% of hydroglycolic extract. This work presents cosmetic moisturizing nanoemulsions composed to vegetal raw material from Brazilian Caatinga with potential to be used on cosmetic area.

Mortalidade em idosos longevos e "mais jovens" no Brasil

The aim of the present study was to trace the mortality profile of the elderly in Brazil using two neighboring age groups: 60 to 69 years (young-old) and 80 years or more (oldest-old). To do this, we sought to characterize the trend and distinctions of different mortality profiles, as well as the quality of the data and associations with socioeconomic and sanitary conditions in the micro-regions of Brazil. Data was collected from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Based on these data, the coefficients of mortality were calculated for the chapters of the International Disease Classification (ICD-10). A polynomial regression model was used to ascertain the trend of the main chapters. Non-hierarchical cluster analysis (K-Means) was used to obtain the profiles for different Brazilian micro-regions. Factorial analysis of the contextual variables was used to obtain the socio-economic and sanitary deprivation indices (IPSS). The trend of the CMId and of the ratio of its values in the two age groups confirmed a decrease in most of the indicators, particularly for badly-defined causes among the oldest-old. Among the young-old, the following profiles emerged: the Development Profile; the Modernity Profile; the Epidemiological Paradox Profile and the Ignorance Profile. Among the oldest-old, the latter three profiles were confirmed, in addition to the Low Mortality Rates Profile. When comparing the mean IPSS values in global terms, all of the groups were different in both of the age groups. The Ignorance Profile was compared with the other profiles using orthogonal contrasts. This profile differed from all of the others in isolation and in clusters. However, the mean IPSS was similar for the Low Mortality Rates Profile among the oldest-old. Furthermore, associations were found between the data quality indicators, the CMId for badly-defined causes, the general coefficient of mortality for each age group (CGMId) and the IPSS of the micro-regions. The worst rates were recorded in areas with the greatest socioeconomic and sanitary deprivation. The findings of the present study show that, despite the decrease in the mortality coefficients, there are notable differences in the profiles related to contextual conditions, including regional differences in data quality. These differences increase the vulnerability of the age groups studied and the health iniquities that are already present.

O comportamento eleitoral da nova classe trabalhadora no Rio Grande do Norte 2014: ideologia, avaliação de governo e voto

This thesis investigates the voting behavior of the fractions of the new working class in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically in the cities of Natal, Mossoró and Caicó, from the presidential election of 2014. This research examined the ideology, the evaluation of government and guidance the vote of a portion of the working classes of RN voters. In Brazil, from 2003, socio-economic change has occurred perceptibly, especially in a part of the working classes who ascended socially and switched to the "C economic class." Thus, there was this period, a significant expansion of this social stratum. The expansion of the "class C" in the past decade in Brazil raised the academic debate and in the media about the emergence of a "new middle class". Neri (2008) termed the "class C" of the "new middle class" and that will be the central part of their studies. But the debate on the "new middle class" can not be simplistic to the point of considering that social mobility, the main variable income, entered this segment of the population in the middle class, because it has different specificities of the popular classes. To understand this phenomenon, the income variable was outdated, adding the importance of ownership of the means of production, control of labor power and the symbolic values in the division of social classes resulting in three fractions of the new working class: the management positions, non-heads and small fighters. In this study, using as a complement to the sociological approach (ideologies and social classes) and the performance evaluation was identified that the new working class (heads) mainly reproduced the ideological and political positioning of the middle class, resulting in the rejection of PT governments (2003-2014) and it’s social, compensatory and redistributive policies. From what has been seen, the new working class (chiefs) approaches the ideological and political behavior of the middle class that will reflect in their electoral choices and class interests. The new working class (not heads and small fighters who voted in the situation) because of its classist and ideological interests approached the Workers' Party positively evaluating the Lula-Dilma governments (2003-2014) due to the implementation of compensatory policies, and redistributive programs government turned to the popular classes. In a counterpoint, the voters of the new working class (not heads and small fighters) who voted null, reproduced the discourse of mainstream media and the middle class about the rejection of compensatory policies, redistribution and government programs of Lula-Dilma governments, and consequently they disapproved of the government Dilma and her candidacy.

Los reptiles de la Isla de Boavista (archipiélago de Cabo Verde)

[ES] Boavista, o Bubista como prefieren escribir sus habitantes, es la isla más oriental del archipiélago volcánico de Cabo Verde con 620 km2 de superficie. Su antiguo origen se ve reflejado en una geografía extremadamente erosionada y plana, en la que no se sobrepasan los 390 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Soporta un clima extremadamente árido (precipitaciones: 91 mm media anual), con temperaturas suaves (Tmax = 26.7ºC; Tmin = 21.4ºC) y con la presencia casi constante de los vientos del nordeste (Alisios) (KASPER, 1987). La vegetación es esteparia, rala y generalmente 10 desprovista de estrato arbóreo, con la salvedad de algunas áreas localizadas (CASTANHEIRA & CARDOSO, 1988).

O processo de criação do programa Universidade para Todos - PROUNI

From the end of the 80s, the Brazilian higher education experience strong growth, coming from the private sector, which would intensify further in the late 90th Higher education has become a lucrative business. With a drop in the number of students entering and strong competition, the number of idle places in private institutions of higher education reached 49.5% in 2004. That same year, by Measure, was the University for All Program (PROUNI) program, to include high school students from public higher education, offering scholarships to those students in private HEIs. In exchange, the IES gain tax exemption. The objective of this research is to investigate the game of interest occurred in the formulation of this program and identify the model and the political game and has led to the creation of PROUNI, analyzing the process occurred since the wording of a bill, the issue of Measure Law and that the legitimacy PROUNI, with the most important changes made initial model. Since the first draft of the Law to the final Act, the PROUNI was disfigured in its main points, as the percentage of stock for paying students, the process of selection of stock and bond of the IES program. Throughout the process of creating the program, it is quite clear the performance of the institutions representing the private higher education. As reference for the analysis was based on Rational Choice Theory of Political Science. The basic argument of the methods based on rational choice is the maximization of the benefit will be the main motivation of individuals, but they can give that your goals can be achieved more effectively through institutional action and thereby discover that their conduct is shaped by institutions. Thus, individuals rationally choose to get to a certain extent constrained to join in certain institutions, whether voluntarily or not. The PROUNI was submitted by government and public policy covered by the mystical aura of the discourse of social justice and economic development, as in higher education includes a stratum of people who would not have access to the university, due to restrictions in the supply network public higher education. However, the greatest benefit from the program are the private HEIs, which through a difficult time in a scenario marked by high competition and idleness of nearly half of the vacancies offered. The PROUNI became a program that prioritizes access and not the residence of the student to higher education. More serious than a supporting program for students Fellows is a program supporting the institutions of private education

O papel do flúor como agente corrosivo dos fios ortodônticos

O tratamento ortodôntico insere-se numa área da medicina dentária que se dedica ao estudo das formas de prevenir, interceptar e corrigir as más posições dos dentes e dos maxilares. Durante este tratamento é importante que os pacientes consigam manter uma boa higiene oral dos dentes e do aparelho, o que requer precisão e tempo. Para ajudar a manter a higiene oral os pacientes recorrem frequentemente ao uso de produtos fluoretados, que apesar dos seus benefícios como agentes na prevenção da cárie têm consequências no tratamento ortodôntico nomeadamente na corrosão dos fios ortodônticos. Através de uma revisão da literatura pretende-se explorar a relação entre o uso de flúor durante o tratamento ortodôntico com a corrosão dos fios mais usados nesse mesmo tratamento. Materiais e Métodos: Nesta revisão de literatura realizou-se pesquisa nas bases de dados electrónicas “Medline/PubMed”, e “B-On”; referências bibliográficas de artigos; livros de Medicina Dentária e pesquisa narrativa. Conclusão: O uso de agentes fluoretados tópicos pode induzir uma diminuição das propriedades mecânicas dos fios ortodônticos nomeadamente do níquel-titânio, e consequentemente provocar o prolongamento do tratamento ortodôntico. Os Ortodontistas devem ter em consideração o tipo de fio usado no tratamento no momento da prescrição de colutórios e outros agentes fluoretados.

Determinantes del nivel educativo en el departamento del Valle del cauca. 2008 [recurso electr?nico]

En este documento se estima la probabilidad de alcanzar un ciclo educativo superior, teniendo en cuenta los determinantes del nivel educativo de los individuos del departamento del Valle del Cauca. Se utiliza un modelo logit ordenado generalizado con variables explicativas que establecen las caracter?sticas personales, familiares y socioecon?micas de las personas; utilizando como fuente de informaci?n la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) para el a?o 2008. Los resultados muestran que el nivel educativo alcanzado por el individuo est? determinado por el nivel educativo del padre, el estrato socio-econ?mico donde habita y los ingresos que percibe el hogar. Adicionalmente, se realiza un breve an?lisis descriptivo del Programa de Educaci?n Rural (PER) que hace parte del Proyecto Estrat?gico Ampliaci?n de Cobertura Educativa; on ?nfasis en los programas educativos flexibles que promueve. Se lleg? a la conclusi?n de que el programa no est? cumpliendo los objetivos trazados, porque se garantiza cobertura educativa y no calidad educativa.

Un estudio a la t?cnica interactiva de la silueta como mediaci?n para el trabajo de orientaci?n vocacional a un grupo de j?venes del Programa de Nivelaci?n Acad?mica de Talentos

El prop?sito del presente trabajo de investigaci?n es el de realizar un trabajo de exploraci?n y an?lisis en torno a la t?cnica de la silueta como un lenguaje l?dico valioso para trabajar el sentido de auto-concepto e identidad en todo tipo de poblaciones a intervenir, especialmente en el tema de los j?venes que se encuentran en la transici?n bachillerato- mundo laboral o educaci?n superior. Por esta raz?n, se recurri? al tema de orientaci?n vocacional expresado de alguna forma en el programa de orden formativo e integral, conocido como Programa de nivelaci?n acad?mica Talentos, que ten?a como fin el de contribuir a que un grupo de j?venes de estrato socioecon?mico 0, 1 y 2 lograran acceder a la educaci?n superior fomentando en ellos el mejoramiento de competencias tanto intelectuales como socioemocionales.

An?lisis comparativo de la composici?n corporal y la condici?n f?sica en escolares deportistas y no deportistas de 10 a 16 a?os

Estudio de dise?o epidemiol?gico ,observaci?n , descriptivo, de corte transversal cuyo prop?sito fue analizar la composici?n corporal y la condici?n f?sica de 184 escolares, en edades de 10 a los 16 a?os pertenecientes a una instituci?n educativa de car?cter privado y de un estrato socioecon?mico alto de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali. Para la evaluaci?n de la aptitud f?sica se utilizaron un total de nueve pruebas de aptitud f?sica contenidas en la bater?a Eurofit. Como referentes de la composici?n corporal (CC) se obtuvieron de forma doblemente indirecta los componentes antropom?tricos correspondientes a masa grasa, muscular, ?sea y tejido residual por ecuaciones de regresi?n. De acuerdo a los criterios del estudio se establecieron dos grupos de comparaci?n basados en el nivel de actividad f?sica semanal: grupo 1 no deportistas (ND) conformado por los escolares cuyo ?nico ejercicio o deporte programado era la clase de educaci?n f?sica, y el grupo 2 Deportistas (D) integrado por los estudiantes pertenecientes a grupos representativos en deportes de la instituci?n o federados y que hicieran parte activa de la clase de EF. El an?lisis se realiz? basado en tres factores y su relaci?n (edad, g?nero y nivel de actividad f?sica), encontrando diferencias significativas en la composici?n corporal y en las pruebas de condici?n f?sica inter e intra g?neros, en los diferentes grupos etarios y en los escolares de acuerdo a su nivel de actividad f?sica. Cuando se evaluaron los factores por separado, se determinaron valores significativamente menores en las variables indicadoras de adiposidad (p? 0,05) en el grupo de los deportistas al igual que valores superiores en las pruebas de condici?n f?sica relacionada con la salud (potencia aer?bica, velocidad, flexibilidad y fuerza).

Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de b?sica primaria de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali

Se realiz? un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, cuantitativo y no experimental, para identificar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y sus variables asociadas en una muestra de 264 escolares de 3 Instituciones Educativas P?blicas y 2 colegios del sector privado. La edad de los escolares oscil? entre los 7,13 y los 11,68 a?os. La edad promedio de los ni?os fue de 9,5 a?os y las de las ni?as 9,4 a?os. Las variables medidas fueron: la fecha de nacimiento, la masa corporal, la estatura, el porcentaje de grasa, la circunferencia de cintura, la presi?n arterial y la dinamometr?a manual. Se calcularon con base en estos valores la edad decimal, el IMC y la clasificaci?n de porcentaje graso. En cuanto a la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, en el an?lisis global, un 48,4% de la muestra total de ni?os se ubic? en las clasificaciones de porcentaje graso m?s elevadas, que indican sobrepeso y obesidad. La prevalencia en las ni?as fue del 44%. El estrato con mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue el 4 con 62,6%. El sector con mayor prevalencia fue el p?blico con 48,2%. Lo que sin duda es una alerta sobre la necesidad m?s y mejores de programas de control de peso y composici?n corporal en los colegios y escuelas evaluados, existen problemas cr?nicos de salud presentes y futuros que se pueden evitar con las estrategias de intervenci?n adecuadas. Las diferencias estad?sticas encontradas entre la variable cualitativa clasificaci?n de porcentaje graso y la circunferencia de cintura, el IMC, la presi?n arterial sist?lica, la masa corporal y el porcentaje graso, expresa la influencia que ejerce esa clasificaci?n en el resultado de la variable cuantitativa, y espec?ficamente entre los subgrupos de la clasificaci?n de porcentaje graso. Se obtuvieron altas correlaciones entre la variable cualitativa clasificaci?n de porcentaje graso y las variables cuantitativas masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa corporal, circunferencia de cintura e ?ndice de masa corporal (Rho > 0,600).

El efecto de las características socioeconómicas sobre la consistencia en la toma de decisiones: Un análisis experimental

Este ensayo explora, en forma experimental, cual es el efecto de las características socioeconómicas sobre la consistencia en las preferencias cuando los agentes se encuentran eligiendo entre loterías. El análisis parte de un experimento realizado con los estudiantes de la carrera de Economía y Negocios internacionales y, se encuentra que el sexo, el estrato socioeconómico, el ingreso, la edad y el semestre en forma conjunta no son relevantes para explicar la consistencia en las preferencias. Sin embargo, también se encuentra que la edad y el semestre podrían ayudar a explicar la consistencia.

La importancia del arte en la educaci?n: la educaci?n por el arte en la escuela p?blica primaria: experiencia del taller de educaci?n por el arte comunas 1 y 9 v.1

El presente trabajo de recopilaci?n de experiencias, tiene por objeto determinar los elementos del Taller de Educaci?n por el Arte que se pueden utilizar para coadyuvar en el proceso de ense?anza aprendizaje en los estudiantes de las Escuelas P?blicas de primaria en edades entre 6 y 12 a?os, estrato socioecon?mico 1 y 2. Este trabajo trata de ser coherente con los lineamientos de la pol?tica de Educaci?n Art?stica emanada por el Ministerio de Cultura, a partir de la idea de que el fortalecimiento de la educaci?n por el arte puede tener enorme impacto en el desarrollo de los ni?os. Lo que interesa es destacar la relaci?n entre la cultura, el arte y la educaci?n y su importante papel en el desarrollo del ser humano integral. As? mismo la urgente necesidad de aplicar la Pol?tica de Educaci?n Art?stica.