Simultaneous selection in progenies of yellow passion fruit using selection indices

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of simultaneous selection (selection indices) using estimated genetic gains in yellow passion fruit and to make a comparison between the methodologies of Mulamba & Mock and Elston. The study was conducted with 26 sib progenies of yellow passion fruit for intrinsic production characteristics including fruit number, fruit mass, fruit length and diameter, and for the fruit characteristics skin thickness, soluble solids and acidity. Two methodologies were applied: first, in the joint analysis of fruit characteristics and of intrinsic production characteristics in a single phase of selection; and second, in the analysis in two phases, in which priority was given to the intrinsic production characteristics in the first phase, and later, in the second phase, the best fruit characteristics were chosen among the progenies of the first phase. The analysis of variance was applied to the data to detect genetic variability among progenies. The Elston's selection indice was unable to provide distribution of genetic gains consistent with the purposes of the study, as it selected a single progeny of passion fruit. However, the index based on the sum of ranks of Mulamba & Mock was more suitable, as it provided a balanced distribution of gains, selecting a larger number of progenies. The methodology of selection using indices is advantageous in passion fruit, since it contributes to higher genetic gains for all the traits evaluated, and the selection in a single phase was proved efficient for progeny selection.

An approach for graphical user interface bad smells detection

In the context of an e ort to develop methodologies to support the evaluation of interactive system, this paper investigates an approach to detect graphical user interface bad smells. Our approach consists in detecting user interface bad smells through model-based reverse engineering from source code. Models are used to de ne which widgets are present in the interface, when can particular graphical user interface (GUI) events occur, under which conditions, which system actions are executed, and which GUI state is generated next.

Penetration resistance in a latosol under different moisture and penetration speeds

The soil penetration resistance has been used to represent the compaction situation and several authors have attempted to relate the cone index (CI) with the bulk density. The importance of using the CI as source of information for decisions in agricultural activities, livestock and forestry manner, has become increasingly larger, which requires more knowledge about the penetrometers and penetrographs behavior. This study aimed to verify, in controlled laboratory conditions, the influence of soil water content and cone penetration rate to obtain the cone index, when density variation occurs. The soil was compacted by compression through a universal press cylinder which was specially designed to produce the test specimens. Bulk densities were determined from samples taken from the test specimens and their moisture content. The CI values obtained were between 0.258 and 4.776 MPa, measured in 4 moistures and 7 soil densities with 3 penetration speeds. It was concluded that the determination of IC is strongly influenced by the soil moisture but the penetration speed variation, used in this study, was not sufficient to influence the IC determination. However, the decrease in soil water content may increase the sensitiveness to detect a variation in bulk density by the use of cone index.

Antibodies against Bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds in the state of Espirito Santo, Brasil

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes major losses in worldwide livestock, affecting the respiratory and reproductive tracts of bovine. In the past decades, the number of cases in Brazil has been gradually increasing. Therefore, it is important to assess the distribution of infection in different regions of the country. In the state of Espírito Santo (ES) the BoHV 1 infection rate in dairy cattle herds is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1 in serum samples from 1,161 non-vaccinated cows from 59 dairy cattle herds in 23 municipalities of the Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South macro-regions. The identification of seropositive cows was evaluated by the virus neutralization test. The results showed that of all serum samples evaluated 775 (66.75%) had neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1. Moreover, all herds were found positive; however, the percentage of positive cows varied among regions; 49.06%, 62.15%, 67.21% and 80.04% for the Metropolitan, South, North and Northwest macro-regions, respectively. In this study, the results clearly indicate the dissemination of the viral agent in dairy cattle in the ES state, requiring the monitoring and control of diseases related to BoHV-1 infection.

Towards a Catalog of Usability Smells

This paper presents a catalog of smells in the context of interactive applications. These so-called usability smells are indicators of poor design on an application’s user interface, with the potential to hinder not only its usability but also its maintenance and evolution. To eliminate such usability smells we discuss a set of program/usability refactorings. In order to validate the presented usability smells catalog, and the associated refactorings, we present a preliminary empirical study with software developers in the context of a real open source hospital management application. Moreover, a tool that computes graphical user interface behavior models, giving the applications’ source code, is used to automatically detect usability smells at the model level.

Semi-automatic 3D Segmentation Of Costal Cartilage In CT Data From Pectus Excavatum Patients

One of the current frontiers in the clinical management of Pectus Excavatum (PE) patients is the prediction of the surgical outcome prior to the intervention. This can be done through computerized simulation of the Nuss procedure, which requires an anatomically correct representation of the costal cartilage. To this end, we take advantage of the costal cartilage tubular structure to detect it through multi-scale vesselness filtering. This information is then used in an interactive 2D initialization procedure which uses anatomical maximum intensity projections of 3D vesselness feature images to efficiently initialize the 3D segmentation process. We identify the cartilage tissue centerlines in these projected 2D images using a livewire approach. We finally refine the 3D cartilage surface through region-based sparse field level-sets. We have tested the proposed algorithm in 6 noncontrast CT datasets from PE patients. A good segmentation performance was found against reference manual contouring, with an average Dice coefficient of 0.75±0.04 and an average mean surface distance of 1.69±0.30mm. The proposed method requires roughly 1 minute for the interactive initialization step, which can positively contribute to an extended use of this tool in clinical practice, since current manual delineation of the costal cartilage can take up to an hour.

A-scan ultrasound system for real-time puncture safety assessment during percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Background: Kidney stone is a major universal health problem, affecting 10% of the population worldwide. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a first-line and established procedure for disintegration and removal of renal stones. Its surgical success depends on the precise needle puncture of renal calyces, which remains the most challenging task for surgeons. This work describes and tests a new ultrasound based system to alert the surgeon when undesirable anatomical structures are in between the puncture path defined through a tracked needle. Methods: Two circular ultrasound transducers were built with a single 3.3-MHz piezoelectric ceramic PZT SN8, 25.4 mm of radius and resin-epoxy matching and backing layers. One matching layer was designed with a concave curvature to work as an acoustic lens with long focusing. The A-scan signals were filtered and processed to automatically detect reflected echoes. Results: The transducers were mapped in water tank and tested in a study involving 45 phantoms. Each phantom mimics different needle insertion trajectories with a percutaneous path length between 80 and 150 mm. Results showed that the beam cross-sectional area oscillates around the ceramics radius and it was possible to automatically detect echo signals in phantoms with length higher than 80 mm. Conclusions: This new solution may alert the surgeon about anatomical tissues changes during needle insertion, which may decrease the need of X-Ray radiation exposure and ultrasound image evaluation during percutaneous puncture.

Metodological issues in measuring the detection of emotional disorders by primary care physicians: a review of the literature

A series of studies in the field of Epidemiological Psychiatry have been performed over the last two decades, and these have focused on the ability of primary care physicians to detect emotional disorders in the patients that attend their practices. The scientific methodology utilized in these studies is the subject of this review, which contains a discussion concerning: a) interviewer awareness bias; b) accuracy of the instruments and c) medical and psychological concepts involved in defining minor emotional disorders. Suggestions for change in the methodology are made in each of the sections of the review.

Biologia de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai H., D. & K., 1913 (Diptera: Culicidae) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia: I. Fluctuación de la población larval y características de sus criaderos

En Charambirá, localidad del município de Istmina (Chocó) en la costa Pacífica de Colombia, donde existe un problema de malaria endémica, se estudió la fluctuación de la población larval y las características de los criaderos de Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai, especie considerada como posible vectora de malaria en esa región del país. La vegetación circundante fue dividida en tres estratos de acuerdo al grado de cobertura foliar. Se demarcaron cuadrantes de 100 m² en cada estrato para el muestreo de plantas epífitas de la família Bromeliaceae, en las cuales se acumula agua que sirve como criadero para esta especie de anofelino. Se tomaron datos de temperatura, pH y volumen del agua contenida en cada bromelia. El mayor número de larvas se detectó en el estrato 1 (manglar) a una altitud inferior a 4 m, pero no se encontró evidencia significativa de estratificación vertical de la población larval de A. neivai hasta los 8 m. Se evidenció una correlación lineal positiva entre el número de larvas y el volumen de agua contenida en cada bromelia; por otra parte se observó también una correlación directa entre la precipitación mensual acumulada y la fluctuación poblacional de esta especie. Los índices larvales mas altos se observaron entre los meses de marzo a abril y de julio a agosto. La mortalidad larval fue alta en el primer estadío (43,5%) y solo un 23,7% sobrevivió hasta el cuarto.

Contaminación por compuestos organoclorados en algunos alimentos procedentes de una región de México

Fueran determinados los residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados en huevos y quesos de la población agricola de la Villa de Ahorne, Sinaloa, México, mediante cromatografia gas-líquido con detector de captura de eletrones. En los huevos, los compuestos detectados con mayor frecuencia y concentración fueran: epóxido de heptacloro, p, p'-DDT e p, p'-DDE. Simultáneamente fué realizado en la Villa de Ahorne un estudio epidemiológico preliminar en la cual se detectó varias manifestaciones patológicas en las personas entrevistadas y en sus familiares.

Impact of the background region of interest in the relative renal function

Renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) is performed with the aim of detect cortical abnormalities related to urinary tract infection and accurately quantify relative renal function (RRF). For this quantitative assessment Nuclear Medicine Technologist should draw regions of interest (ROI) around each kidney (KROI) and peri-renal background (BKG) ROI, although, controversy still exists about BKG-ROI. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the normalization procedure, number and location of BKG-ROI on the RRF in 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy.

Diagnostic performance of visual screening tests in the elderly

The aging of Portuguese population is characterized by an increase of individuals aged older than 65 years. Preventable visual loss in older persons is an important public health problem. Tests used for vision screening should have a high degree of diagnostic validity confirmed by means of clinical trials. The primary aim of a screening program is the early detection of visual diseases. Between 20% and 50% of older people in the UK have undetected reduced vision and in most cases is correctable. Elderly patients do not receive a systematic eye examination unless a problem arises with their glasses or suspicion vision loss. This study aimed to determine and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of visual screening tests for detecting vision loss in elderly. Furthermore, it pretends to define the ability to find the subjects affected with vision loss as positive and the subjects not affected with the same disease as negative. The ideal vision screening method should have high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of risk factors. It should be also low cost and easy to implement in all geographic and socioeconomic regions. Sensitivity is the ability of an examination to identify the presence of a given disease and specificity is the ability of the examination to identify the absence of a given disease. It was not an aim of this study to detect abnormalities that affect visual acuity. The aim of this study was to find out what´s the best test for the identification of any vision loss.

Wavelength Selective a-SiC:H p-i-n/p-i-n Heterostructure for Fluorescent Proteins Detection

In this paper we present results on the optimization of multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructures that can be used as optical transducers for fluorescent proteins detection using the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer approach. Double structures composed by pin based aSiC:H cells are analyzed. The color discrimination is achieved by ac photocurrent measurement under different externally applied bias. Experimental data on spectral response analysis, current-voltage characteristics and color and transmission rate discrimination are reported. An electrical model, supported by a numerical simulation gives insight into the device operation. Results show that the optimized a-SiC:H heterostructures act as voltage controlled optical filters in the visible spectrum. When the applied voltages are chosen appropriately those optical transducers can detect not only the selective excitation of specimen fluorophores, but also the subsequent weak acceptor fluorescent channel emission.

Mercurio en cabello de diferentes grupos ocupacionales en una zona de minería aurifera en el Norte de Colombia

Análisis de mercurio en cabello fue realizado a 219 personas que habitan en la principal zona de minería del oro en Colombia, tomando 27 personas de la ciudad de Cartagena, como muestra Control. Para el análisis de los datos, la muestra estudiada se dividió de acuerdo con la ocupación de las personas, encontrándose concentraciones medias (±DE) de 5,23±5,78, 2,83±3,27, 2,40±2,02 y 1,33±0,74 µg/g de mercurio en cabello, para pescadores, mineros, personas dedicadas a otras actividades y grupo control respectivamente. De acuerdo con el análisis de varianza y el test de Newman Keuls, existe diferencia significativa (p<0,01) para las concentraciones de mercurio observadas entre pescadores y los demás grupos. No se presentaron diferencias significativas de mercurio en cabello de acuerdo con el sexo, tampoco se detectó correlación con la edad, no obstante se observó una ligera correlación positiva (R=0,15, p<0,01) con la frecuencia en el consumo de pescado. Los principales síntomas de intoxicación mercurial encontrados entre la población expuesta fueron cefalea, náuseas, lesiones orales, gusto metálico, pérdida de memoria e irritabilidad.

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en ingresantes universitarios

Con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) y su relación con antecedentes familiares de enfermedad, se estudiaron 3.357 ingresantes al 1er año de la Universidad de Mar del Plata, en el año 1991 que completaron su revisación médica obligatoria. La prevalencia de antecedentes familiares de hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión, diabetes mellitus, obesidad, enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) fue: 27,5%, 42,1%, 26,9 %, 27,2 % y 42,1% respectivamente. El 80,5% de los alumnos reportó al menos uno de los antecedentes familiares estudiados. La prevalencia de hipertensión (presión arterial sistólica > 140 mmHg y/o presión arterial diastólica 90 mmHg) y de hipercolesterolemia ( 210 mg/dl) en los participantes fue 7,0% y 14,4%. Se observó asociaciones de hipertensión con Indice de masa corporal (IMC), sexo masculino y edad. El 27,1% manifestó su condición de fumador, no presentándose diferencias entre sexos. El hábito se correlacionó positivamente con la edad y se observaron distintas prevalencias según la carrera universitaria elegida. La presencia de colesterolemia aumentada se correlacionó con la edad, el IMC y los antecedentes familiares de obesidad (OR: 1,32 IC95% = 1,06-1,64) e hipercolesterolemia (OR:1,38 IC95% = 1,10-1,69). Se detectó en un 3,7% anormalidades en el aparato cardiovascular. Se observó asociación con antecedentes de enfermedad cardíaca familiar. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares hallados representan un toque de atención dada la juventud de la población considerada y muestran la necesidad de insistir en medidas educativas y de promoción de conductas preventivas.