Sobre projetos, palavras e imagens: relacionando textos e desenhos nos trabalhos finais de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo

This research continues the current debate about the role of the images and the words in the architectural design persuasion, where we emphasize the increasing valuation of written documents (FORTY, 2004; MARKUS; CAMERON, 2002), the seduction for the graphical representation (DURAND, 2003) and the rhetorical effects of the graphical and textual resources (TOSTRUP, 1999). Based on these quarrels, we look for verify in the graduate final projects the relation between the design texts and images. From the PROJEDATA, database of the PROJETAR research group (UFRN), we selected the final projects of two brazilians universities, UFRN and USP, that in a first analysis, they had shown as ideal types of two distinct design presentation models, respectively: texts and drawings in separated documents, or combined in an only support. Based on Markus explanation about the function and the content of the texts, on the Durand perspective with regard to graphical representation uses and on Tostrup point of view concerning the rhetorical potential of texts and drawings, we analyze, in a set of 25 projects, how the students relate the textual and imagetical speeches. For this, we related the focus of each speech, in order to verify the possible coherence between both. We conclude that in the model of USP final project the coherence between the texts and the drawings is clearer than in the model adopted in UFRN

A Relação professor-aluno e a afirmação do discente como sujeito do processo projetual: um estudo exploratório sobre a produção do trabalho final de graduação em arquitetura e urbanismo na UFC e na UFRN

This work deals with teacher-student relationship (TSR), held in a very special moment: the semester of graduation of architecture and urbanism, where students prepare the final work called Graduation Final Work (GFW). That is the last stage to obtain the title of architect and urban planner in Brazil. The text discusses this problem in several ways, emphasing the relationship between graduated student and his/her mentors into the consolidation process of the student as an actor of the planning process, here defined as "autonomy". The work is focused on understanding the TSR in order to elucidate its importance for improvement of teaching bases on development of the GFW, more than the relation between curriculum and institution. Related with the exploratory characteristic of this master thesis, methodologically, the field work happened through: (i) observation of mentorship guidance, (ii) interviews, and (iii) application of questionnaires to teachers and students. Participated 10 pairs of student and mentors of two federal university of Northeast: 05 pairs of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) and 05 pairs of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results presented the development of the GFW as a difficult process / fearful for students, highlighting the main problem situations: the difficulty in choosing the theme, the super-sizing of the process, students' insecurities, and parental relationship with the supervisor process. Summing up, the work indicates that the students has a limited autonomy on the GFW process, which calls for a revision in order to promote the consolidation of the student autonomy, which must be observed for some positions recognition of the role of each actor in the process of orientation

Arquitetura residencial em João Pessoa-PB a experiência moderna nos anos 1970

In the mid-1980s, the magazine Projeto published the Actual Brazilian Architecture catalogue presenting texts by Hugo Segawa and Ruth Verde Zein with a corpus of works and engaged architects of the 1960s and 1970s. To comprehend the Brazilian architectural production post-1964, in those years of the 1980s, became a significant mission to reactivate the Brazilian architectural debate weakened by the military dictatorship. In his doctoral thesis Spadoni (2003) deals with the different ways which characterizes the Brazilian architectural production of the 1970s. Marked by inventiveness, this production was in tune with the modern thinking and in the transition period between the 1970s and the 1980s it synchronized with the international debate about post-modern architecture. Considering Spadoni s doctoral thesis, this work deals with the modern experience observed in the one-family-houses built in the seventies in João Pessoa. Some modern experiences were not clear outside, to observe it, it was necessary to search for the type of experience into the spatial disposition and of the know-how constructive, because into the appearance some houses not make explicit the use of the modern language. Other observed experiences allude to the repertoire of the Brazilian period in the years 1940s-1960s, to the experience of the modern architecture in São Paulo of the 1960s, to the experiences in which the climate of the Northeastern region strongly influenced the architectural conception. We can also find in a reduced number of houses a particular experience: it refers to experiences that expose the constructive doing, which leave the material apparent and apply to the residential type the experience of the industrial pre-fabricated buildings

Arquitetura da (in)segurança: estudando relações entre configuração espacial, artifícios de segurança e violência urbana no bairro Manaíra, João Pessoa, Paraíba

João Pessoa, the capital city of the state of Paraíba (Northeast Brazil), is reputed throughout the country as a quiet place, although it has been acquiring, over the past years, an urban character with social implications similar to those of major metropolitan Brazilian areas. The new situation is evident by the social inequalities, with the creation of confined spaces, which segregate and cause enclosure of the inhabitants, leading to death the public space. This study correlates accessibility in spatial structure with two types of crime data, burglary and robbery, recorded in 2008 and 2009, by the Secretaria de Segurança da Paraíba (The government agency public in charge of safety), in the district of Manaíra, an upper middle class neighborhood, which has, in recent times, been considered one of the most violent areas in João Pessoa. Sought to understand connections between these events and morpho-social aspects of the built environment, where examined the spatial properties, such as accessibility of the urban net, the presence of control measures, the safety of buildings and their uses. Spatial properties were also validated by the observation of pedestrian flows at strategic points of the study area. It was concluded that the presence of intense flows helps to attract potential thieves, physical security and control offers little protection

Natureza morta...edifício com vida: uma arquitetura sustentável para o Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos

Sustainability in buildings, while reducing the impact on the environment, contributes to the promotion of social welfare, to increase the health and productivity of occupants. The search for a way of build that meets the aspirations and development of humanity without, however, represent degradation of the environment, has become the great challenge of contemporary architecture. It is considered that the incorporation of principles that provide a sustainable building with careful choices of design solutions contribute to a better economic and thermal performance of the building, as well as functional and psychological comfort to its users. Based on this general understanding, this paper presents an architecture project aimed to health care whose the solutions adopted follow carefully the relevant legislation and sets his sights on the theme of sustainability. The methodology began with studies on the themes of verification service of deaths, sustainability and those application in construction developed through research in academic studies and analysis of architectural projects, using them like reference for the solutions adopted. Within the project analysis was performed a visit to the verification service of deaths in the city of Palmas in Tocantins, subsidizing information that, plus the relevant legislation, led to functional programming and pre-dimensional of the building to be designed. The result of this programming environments were individual records with information from environmental restrictions, space required for the development of activities, desirable flow and sustainability strategies, that can be considered as the first product of relevance of the professional master's degree. Finally we have outlined the basic design architecture of a Verification Service of Death SVO/RN (in portuguese), whose process of projecting defined as a guiding line of work four points: the use of bioclimatic architecture as the main feature projectual, the use of resources would provide minimal harm to the environment, the use of modulation and structure to the building as a form of rationalization and finally the search for solutions that ensure environmental and psychological comfort to users. Importantly to highlight that, besides owning a rare theme in literature that refers to architectural projects, the whole project was drawn up with foundations in projective criteria that contribute to environmental sustainability, with emphasis on thermal performance, energy efficiency and reuse of rainwater

O pensamento ecossistémico no projeto de paisagem: uma reflexão sobre a integração de conceitos ecológicos na prática projetual da arquitetura paisagista contemporânea

Doutoramento em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Estudo da presença da Ordem de Cister em Portugal e a sua relevância para a Arquitetura Paisagista. Caso de estudo: Real Abadia de Santa Maria de Alcobaça

Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Prospecção e defesa da paisagem urbana do Algarve (1965-70): a arquitetura tradicional e a preservação do património urbano na proposta da DGSU

No contexto da sucessiva redefinição do conceito de património, a arquitetura vernácula tenderá a assumir a sua importância a partir da segunda metade do século passado, alcançando estatuto próprio na Carta sobre o Património Construído Vernáculo de 1999. Em Portugal, adquirem particular relevância os trabalhos desenvolvidos em diferentes âmbitos, desde a antropologia à arquitetura, passando pela agronomia e pela geografia, que culminariam em diferentes sínteses sobre o tema, alargadas a todo o território nacional continental. Essa abordagem só no final dos anos 60 viria a ser ensaiada, à escala da região do Algarve, no pioneiro trabalho desenvolvido pela equipa dirigida pelo Arq.º Cabeça Padrão, no âmbito da Secção de Defesa e Recuperação da Paisagem Urbana da Direcção-Geral dos Serviços de Urbanização (DGSU), sob o título “Prospecção, Preservação e Recuperação de Elementos Urbanísticos e Arquitectónicos Notáveis, em Áreas Urbanas e Marginais Viárias, na Região do Algarve”, constituindo um de três estudos complementares a integrar o Plano Regional do Algarve. Dos 49 volumes projectados a partir de 1965, abrangendo 47 aglomerados urbanos de dimensões muito diversas e maioritariamente localizados na faixa litoral da região, apenas de cerca de metade se conhece hoje o paradeiro. Mas se bem que rapidamente tenham sido remetidos - até muito recentemente -, ao esquecimento dos arquivos, e pese embora o seu carácter datado, constituem um conjunto documental singular de inegável importância, pela metodologia e propostas que encerram, no contexto da evolução histórica dos conceitos e práticas de valorização e conservação patrimonial (em particular no que se refere ao património arquitectónico urbano de carácter vernáculo) e de planeamento e intervenção em áreas urbanas consolidadas. Importância reforçada pelo extenso levantamento fotográfico produzido e onde se fixou um momento histórico charneira documentando o início de profundas transformações - que se acentuariam nas décadas subsequentes -, entre outras razões, por força da emergente importância do turismo. Com a presente comunicação pretende-se resgatar do esquecimento um trabalho verdadeiramente pioneiro (mesmo em termos mundiais) no que se refere à preservação e recuperação da paisagem urbana do Algarve, avaliando a sua metodologia e abordagem particular no âmbito das intervenções em espaço urbano e retomando um processo de análise e caracterização da arquitetura tradicional da região a partir do valioso espólio fotográfico constante neste estudo.

Improvements in Hardware Transactional Memory for GPU Architectures

In the multi-core CPU world, transactional memory (TM)has emerged as an alternative to lock-based programming for thread synchronization. Recent research proposes the use of TM in GPU architectures, where a high number of computing threads, organized in SIMT fashion, requires an effective synchronization method. In contrast to CPUs, GPUs offer two memory spaces: global memory and local memory. The local memory space serves as a shared scratch-pad for a subset of the computing threads, and it is used by programmers to speed-up their applications thanks to its low latency. Prior work from the authors proposed a lightweight hardware TM (HTM) support based in the local memory, modifying the SIMT execution model and adding a conflict detection mechanism. An efficient implementation of these features is key in order to provide an effective synchronization mechanism at the local memory level. After a quick description of the main features of our HTM design for GPU local memory, in this work we gather together a number of proposals designed with the aim of improving those mechanisms with high impact on performance. Firstly, the SIMT execution model is modified to increase the parallelism of the application when transactions must be serialized in order to make forward progress. Secondly, the conflict detection mechanism is optimized depending on application characteristics, such us the read/write sets, the probability of conflict between transactions and the existence of read-only transactions. As these features can be present in hardware simultaneously, it is a task of the compiler and runtime to determine which ones are more important for a given application. This work includes a discussion on the analysis to be done in order to choose the best configuration solution.

A organização do processo de projeto de arquitetura no meio profissional: uma análise da produção em escritórios

This paper examines, through case studies, the organization of the production process of architectural projects in architecture offices in the city of Natal, specifically in relation to building projects. The specifics of the design process in architecture, the production of the project in a professional field in Natal, are studied in light of theories of design and its production process. The survey, in its different phases, was conducted between March 2010 and September 2012 and aimed to identify, understand, and analyze comparatively, by mapping the design process, the organization of production of building projects in two offices in Natal, checking as well the relationships of their agents during the process. The project was based on desk research and exploration, adopting, for both, data collection tools such as forms, questionnaires, and interviews. With the specific aim of mapping the design process, we adopted a technique that allows obtaining the information directly from employee agents involved in the production process. The technique consisted of registering information by completing daily, during or at the end of the workday, an individual virtual agenda, in which all agent collaborators described the tasks performed. The data collected allowed for the identification of the organizational structure of the office, its hierarchy, the responsibilities of agents, as well as the tasks performed by them during the two months of monitoring at each office. The research findings were based on analyses of data collected in the two offices and on comparative studies between the results of these analyses. The end result was a diagnostic evaluation that considered the level of organization and elaborated this perspective, as well as proposed solutions aimed at improving both the organization of the process and the relationships between the agents under the lens analyzed

O metal na arquitetura contemporânea paraibana 1990-2002

This essay studies about contemporary architecture in João Pessoa, capital city of Paraiba State, which analyzes the utilization of steel and aluminum materials from 1990 to 2002, period when significant increase of this utilization is seen. As references, the architectural analysis and Engel structures definitions were used to analyze 40 built buildings, universe researched, to bring together subsidies to comprehend the contemporary production, especially which use the metal as structural and esthetic-formal element

Da colônia ao shopping: um estudo da evolução tipológica da arquitetura hospitalar em Natal

A conceptual discussion on architectural type and its role in theory and practice supports the construction of an analytical tool used for recognizing the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Western societies. The same tool is applied to analyze the typological evolution of hospital architecture in Natal, Brazil, through a sample of eighteen hospitals built in the city since the beginnings of 20th century. The conclusion is that typological evolution in Natal is almost the same as occidental one, except for a few singularities that can be explained by local social and economic development

Aportaciones al hardware para sensores táctiles inteligentes basados en FPGAs

En esta tesis doctoral se presentan distintas soluciones para la adquisición de datos provenientes de matrices de sensores resistivos, y en concreto de sensores táctiles piezorresistivos. Los circuitos propuestos reducen el hardware de acondicionamiento y adquisición clásico, implementado una conexión directa entre el sensor y el dispositivo digital (FPGA) que recibe los datos. El objetivo es la adquisición en paralelo y con bajo coste y consumo de área de grandes cantidades de datos provenientes de los sensores matriciales, aprovechando las capacidades de las FPGAs para llevar a cabo medidas simultáneas de varios sensores. Dependiendo del tipo de direccionamiento que pueda ser empleado, dos soluciones son propuestas. En el caso donde el número de unidades sensoriales de la matriz no sea excesivamente alto y el direccionamiento pueda ser realizado sin compartir conexionado, el valor de resistencia de los distintos elementos de la matriz se obtiene a partir del tiempo de descarga de una red RC o integrador pasivo que incluye al sensor. Por otro lado, para matrices con un gran número de elementos o donde el direccionamiento de los mismos haga uso de conexiones compartidas, el uso de un circuito integrador activo reduce la diafonía entre los elementos medidos simultáneamente. El análisis y caracterización de los circuitos propuestos para un rango de resistencias de un sensor táctil piezorresistivo da lugar a una resolución efectiva en la conversión analógico-digital de 10 bits y 8 bits para los circuitos de conexión directa basados en el integrador pasivo y activo, respectivamente. En cuanto a la exactitud en la medida del valor de resistencia, se alcanzan errores relativos del 0,066% (integrador pasivo) y del 0,77% (integrador activo), empleando una novedosa técnica de calibración que hace uso de un único elemento de referencia. Por último, se propone una arquitectura para un sistema táctil basada en los circuitos anteriormente citados. Dos implementaciones se han desarrollado: un prototipo para caracterización y pruebas de laboratorio, y otro para un demostrador en una mano robótica comercial (mano de Barrett). Con estas realizaciones se comprueba que el sistema táctil es capaz de realizar el refresco del conjunto de sensores con una tasa lo suficientemente alta para aplicaciones que requieran una rápida respuesta dinámica (por ejemplo, detección de deslizamiento de objetos en tareas de manipulación con manos robóticas). Además, el paralelismo de las FPGAs no sólo se explota en la adquisición de datos, sino que el pre-procesado que puede realizarse en el sensor inteligente resultante tiene un gran potencial. Como ejemplo, en este trabajo se extraen los momentos geométricos y la elipse asociados a las imágenes táctiles adquiridas por cada uno de los sensores que conforman el sistema.

Insights into the Fallback Path of Best-Effort Hardware Transactional Memory Systems

Current industry proposals for Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM) focus on best-effort solutions (BE-HTM) where hardware limits are imposed on transactions. These designs may show a significant performance degradation due to high contention scenarios and different hardware and operating system limitations that abort transactions, e.g. cache overflows, hardware and software exceptions, etc. To deal with these events and to ensure forward progress, BE-HTM systems usually provide a software fallback path to execute a lock-based version of the code. In this paper, we propose a hardware implementation of an irrevocability mechanism as an alternative to the software fallback path to gain insight into the hardware improvements that could enhance the execution of such a fallback. Our mechanism anticipates the abort that causes the transaction serialization, and stalls other transactions in the system so that transactional work loss is mini- mized. In addition, we evaluate the main software fallback path approaches and propose the use of ticket locks that hold precise information of the number of transactions waiting to enter the fallback. Thus, the separation of transactional and fallback execution can be achieved in a precise manner. The evaluation is carried out using the Simics/GEMS simulator and the complete range of STAMP transactional suite benchmarks. We obtain significant performance benefits of around twice the speedup and an abort reduction of 50% over the software fallback path for a number of benchmarks.

Irrevocabilidad Relajada para Memoria Transaccional Hardware

Los sistemas comerciales que ofrecen memoria transaccional (TM) implementan un sistema hardware best-effort (BE-HTM) con limitaciones. Es necesario programar un fallback software basado en cerrojos para asegurar el progreso de la aplicación. En este artículo se propone un nuevo tipo de irrevocabilidad hardware (un modo transaccional que marca las transacciones como no abortables) para hacer frente a las limitaciones de los sistemas BE-HTM de una manera mas eficiente, y para liberar a al usuario de tener que programar un fallback. Se basa en el concepto de suscripción relajada utilizada o en el contexto de la programación de fallbacks basada o en cerrojos, donde la transacción se suscribe al cerrojo al final de la misma en lugar de al principio. El mecanismo de irrevocabilidad relajada hardware no involucra cambios en el protocolo de coherencia y se compara con su homólogo software, que proponemos como un fallback con suscripción relajada de espera escapada. También proponemos la irrevocabilidad relajada con anticipación, un mecanismo que no se puede implementar en software, y que mejora el rendimiento de las aplicaciones con múltiples reemplazos de bloques transaccionales de caché. La evaluación de las propuestas se lleva a cabo con el simulador Simics/GEMS junto con la suite de benchmarks STAMP, y se obtiene una mejora de rendimiento sobre el fallback del 14% al 28% para algunos benchmarks.