963 resultados para Animação Sociocultural


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La incursión de nuevas disciplinas en la lingüística, tales como la sociología, el cognitivismo, la antropología, etc., han permitido encontrar diversos puntos de unión entre las investigaciones realizadas desde cada una de estas disciplinas. Ello resulta de gran interés para los estudios de variación y contacto de lenguas en los que, aparte de los factores lingüísticos tradicionales, intervienen significativamente otros de índole cognitiva, sociocultural y pragmático-discursiva.Partiendo de este marco teórico plural, y desde la perspectiva del contacto de lenguas, en las siguientes páginas se analizan las expresiones prospectivas del español. Concretamente, se pretende aseverar la hipótesis de la influencia del catalán sobre el español en la expresión formal del futuro,1 pues parece que en las zonas catalanohablantes la frecuencia de uso del futuro sintético (FS) y del futuro analítico (FA) para hablar de eventos venideros es opuesta al empleo que de estas mismas formas suele hacerse en el resto de zonas hispanohablantes.2 La idea parte del hecho de que, pese a que en catalán también alternan las dos estructuras —el FS y la perífrasis prospectiva «ANAR A+Infinitivo»—, el menor rendimiento de la perífrasis en catalán y, por tanto, su menor grado de gramaticalización, parece incidir en la frecuencia de uso de la perífrasis en español «IR A+Infinitivo».

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El escenario de asesoramiento colaborativo es un espacio sociocultural donde lo que se hace y se dice condiciona el tipo de interacción que se va a dar entre las personas que participan así como la actividad que llevan a cabo de manera conjunta. En este artículo vamos a reflexionar sobre el papel de la motivación de los profesores y asesores para mantener el asesoramiento así como en las posibilidades que tiene el asesor para crear y mantener un contexto que resulte motivante para asesor y asesorados

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The spread of sociocultural focuses and critical literacy studies, which offer an holistic perspective on communicative skills, has reached our country at a time when the commonest environment for writing is the internet, and information technologies have transformed writing with new channels, genres, forms of preparation and languages. Thanks to these changes, educational programmes now include new concepts of literacy related to knowledge and the use of digital environments. This paper explores the impact of introducing these new communicative environments to teaching written expression at secondary level and puts forward some ideas to link learning how to write to present communicative contexts and established practices. Without forgetting the achievements of recent decades, we need to bring about a series of changes to bring new learned writing practices to class and leave behind others we had championed as necessary when the goal was to move beyond exclusively linguistic or grammatical approaches

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The goal of this study is to determine the naming ability in Finnish and Swedish of nursery school-aged children participating in a language immersion programme, as well as their command of both languages. The study also aims to describe factors reflecting language immersion teaching in nursery schools based on action research and a literature survey. The longitudinal study, conducted in 2003–2005, comprised 133 native Finnish three- to six-year-old children in language immersion programmes. A total of four measurements were carried out over two and a half years. In each measurement, four separate tests were given to each child (totally 1134 measurements). Research material was collected using survey tools that measured the children’s naming ability and command of language. The tools had been translated into both Finnish and Swedish. The material also includes taped responses related to the tool for naming ability. Didactic approaches were developed on the basis of material from action research and the literature survey. The material was examined using methodological triangulation, and a quantitative analysis was made of each survey tool. Furthermore, a content analysis of the children’s taped responses gave further depth to the description of language development. The theoretical framework of the study is mainly based on modern sociocultural theories of second language development and acquisition. Thus, the approach is both linguistic and pedagogic, with emphasis lying on the latter. The socioculturally-oriented framework of this study is mainly influenced by the theorists Vygotski, Spolsky, van Lier and Cummins. According to the results, the language skills of children in language immersion programmes develop as expected from age three to six in the fields studied. In the field of language command, the children acquired excellent skills in listening comprehension. Their naming ability was not as good. In each test, the children showed weaker skills in Swedish than in Finnish. However, based on the assumption that the two languages have a shared cognitive field, the skills in Swedish catch up with the skills in Finnish at an annual rate of 6–7 per cent. The study indicates that children meet a language development threshold one year earlier in their native language than they do in the immersion language. As for the naming ability in Swedish, problems arose from the fact that the deviation in results increases with age. Children showed creativity in their use of naming strategies. Judging by the research results, children begin to use the immersion language as a tool for thought at a very early phase. The research results, action research and literature survey were also used to create a general educational model for language immersion.

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This thesis is about the educational purpose of foreign language teaching (FLT) in an increasingly internationalised world.The past 20-30 years have witnessed a fundamental rethinking of the aims of FLT, entailing a shift in emphasis from linguistic competence over communicative competence to intercultural competence. The growing emphasis on cultural issues, called for by research and international curricular documents, places new demandson language teachers. The overall aim of this study is to deepen the knowledge about the attitudes of teachers at the upper level of the Finland-Swedish comprehensive school towards the treatment of culture in English foreign language (EFL) teaching. The questions in focus are: 1) How do teachers interpret the concept"culture" in EFL-teaching?, 2) How do they specify the cultural objectives of their teaching? and 3) What do they do to attain these objectives? The thesis strives to reveal whether or not language teaching today can be describedas intercultural, in the sense that culture is taught with the aim of promotingintercultural understanding, tolerance and empathy. This abductive and largely exploratory study is placed within a constructivist and sociocultural framework,and is inspired by both phenomenography and hermeneutics. It takes its starting-point in language didactics, and can also be regarded as a contribution to teacher cognition research. The empirical data consists of verbatim transcribed interviews with 13 Finland-Swedish teachers of English at grades 7-9. The findings are presented according to three orientations and reviewed with reference to the 2004 Finnish National Framework Curriculum. Within the cognitive orientation, "culture" is perceived as factual knowledge, and the teaching of cultureis defined in terms of the transmission of knowledge, especially about Britain and the USA (Pedagogy of Information). Within the action-related orientation, "culture" is seen as skills of a social and socio-linguistic nature, andthe teaching aims at preparing the students for contacts with people from the target language areas (Pedagogy of Preparation). Within the affective orientation, which takes a more holistic approach, "culture" is seen as a bi-directional perspective. Students are encouraged to look at their own familiar culture from another perspective, and learn to empathise with and show respect for otherness in general, not just concerning representatives of English-speaking countries (Pedagogy of Encounter). Very few of the interviewed teachers represent the third approach, which is the one that can be characterised as truly intercultural. The study indicates that many teachers feel unsure about how to teach culture in an appropriate and up-to-date manner. This is attributed to, among other things, lack of teacher insights as well as lack of time and adequate material. The thesis ends with a set of recommendations as to how EFL could be developed ina more intercultural direction.

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Este trabalho descreve a experiência de preparação de alunos do primeiro ano da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-Unesp para as visitares domiciliares da disciplina Interação Universidade-Serviço-Comunidade. Docentes de Psicologia e Psiquiatria coordenaram a atividade, realizada com dois grupos de 45 alunos por meio da técnica de sociodrama, que inclui as etapas de aquecimento, dramatização e compartilhamento. Os principais temas trazidos pelos alunos nas dramatizações foram: a) briga e violência; b) miséria e carência; c) desapontamento e desinteresse; d) impotência e fracasso; e) rejeição e desconfiança. Assim, muitas situações temidas e emoções raramente abordadas nos cursos médicos puderam ser vivenciadas e elaboradas em poucas horas. Esta experiência reforça a necessidade de preparar o graduando para entrar em contato com os múltiplos e complexos determinantes do processo saúde-doença e para atuar no cuidado à saúde segundo uma perspectiva interdisciplinar e intersetorial. É fundamental que o aluno tenha uma visão ampliada do paciente inserido na sua família e contexto sociocultural, se dispondo a um trabalho de parceria, colaboração e mútuo aprendizado.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos têm mostrado que as atitudes influenciam o comportamento. O desenvolvimento e a manutenção de determinadas atitudes dos estudantes durante o curso médico podem influenciar a qualidade do cuidado médico dado aos pacientes no exercício da profissão. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do Curso de Graduação em Medicina reforçam a importância de aspectos atitudinais relevantes para a prática médica. OBJETIVO: Construção e validação de uma escala de atitude do tipo Likert, para avaliar atitudes de estudantes de Medicina considerando as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, adaptadas à realidade sociocultural brasileira. MÉTODO: Na construção da escala foram considerados cinco aspectos: social, ambiência, crença, conhecimento e ética. Os sujeitos foram 202 estudantes do curso de graduação em Medicina, da primeira à oitava fase, sendo 52,85 % mulheres e 47,15% homens. Estudo de coorte, descritivo e quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário e de uma escala de atitudes (do tipo Likert) com 102 proposições. A escala foi aplicada em dois momentos. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade da escala, medida pelo coeficiente α, de Cronbach, foi igual a 0,87. A escala foi validada (validade de construto) por cinco especialistas. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as oito fases analisadas. As atitudes observadas foram predominantemente positivas. CONCLUSÃO: O trabalho desenvolvido resultou na definição de um instrumento válido e confiável para medir as atitudes de estudantes de Medicina segundo as dimensões social, ambiência, crença, conhecimento e ética.

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Estudo descritivo analítico dos indicadores do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior-Sinaes/Inep/MEC. Existem evidências de problemas metodológicos nos instrumentos do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (Enade). Houve variação das matrizes de referência em 2004 e 2007, mudanças nas fórmulas e multicolinearidade no cálculo do Conceito Preliminar e do nível de dificuldade das provas, respectivamente 65% em 2004 e 35% em 2007. Nos dois períodos, quase metade das questões avaliou a capacidade de memorização (47% e 42%). A análise Cart apontou condição sociocultural, rede pública de ensino e percepção de alta oferta de formação complementar pela instituição como fatores associados ao melhor desempenho do concluinte. Tanto a nota no componente específico do concluinte como a diferença entre a nota de formação geral do concluinte e do ingressante são indicadores de forte discriminação de desempenho. Propõe-se um indicador multicritério dessas duas quantidades, que foi capaz de discriminar as instituições bem conceituadas da área médica. Matrizes de referência compatíveis e robustas são necessárias para o monitoramento de cursos que formem profissionais de excelência e que estejam conscientes de suas responsabilidades sociais.

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O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso público das trilhas ecoturísticas da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 112 visitantes, quando se levantaram o perfil sociocultural e também suas expectativas quanto às trilhas visitadas. Também, foram verificadas as alterações ambientais nas trilhas causadas pelas visitas, bem como, a atuação dos monitores ambientais. Foi analisado o plano de manejo da unidade, no que se refere ao uso público. Os resultados apontaram que os visitantes são, em sua maioria, jovens com bom nível cultural e econômico, provindos da região do entorno de espaço protegido, com expectativas de contato com a natureza e preocupações com à manutenção da qualidade ambiental local. Os monitores cumpriam bem suas funções. Verificou-se que as trilhas estavam em bom estado de conservação. O plano de manejo deixa muito a desejar no que se trata do uso público. Conclui-se que, com um melhor planejamento, a Flona de Ipanema poderia prestar melhores serviços ambientais e de ócio à sociedade regional.

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A fragmentação e "compartimentalização" do conhecimento médico não são as únicas causas das dificuldades encontradas na formação de cirurgiões. O abandono do ensino médico vinculado às ciências humanas (sociais) tem levado a formação de profissionais que entendem as ciências biológicas sem entender as ciências da vida. O afastamento da realidade cotidiana, cultural e individual cria condições para o não entendimento da singularidade e subjetividade de cada ser humano. O cirurgião tem, frequentemente, sido erroneamente descrito como portador de qualidades negativas, mas que na verdade remetem a um caráter mais firme e resoluto. De outra forma não é preciso dom para operar, mas empenho, esforço e determinação. O ensino problematizador possibilita a construção de um conhecimento crítico que leva o indivíduo a intervir na realidade que vivencia, de forma transformadora, objetiva e consciente. Esta construção crítica e humanística do conhecimento só poderá se instituir por intermédio de um ensino contextualizado sociocultural e historicamente, não apenas técnico, biocêntrico e hospitalocêntrico.

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OBJETIVO: Verificar o grau de desconforto referido por homens idosos que realizam pela primeira vez o exame digital retal (EDR) na prevenção do câncer de próstata e o efeito de esclarecimentos prévios sobre essa queixa. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e aleatório em 120 homens, com idade de 60 a 80 anos, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo A (consulta médica rotineira) e grupo B (consulta médica com intervenção educativa). No grupo B, os instrumentos de informação foram: palestra informal com esclarecimentos sobre EDR e câncer de próstata, visualização de maquete da pelve masculina, mostruário com as relações anatômicas prostáticas, simulador do EDR e DVD com animação tridimensional dos órgãos pélvicos. O grau de desconforto foi medido através da escala visual de dor. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado, com significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa entre o grau de desconforto referido no EDR entre os dois grupos, 81% do grupo B referiram-no como leve e 80% do grupo A, como moderado ou intenso, com p significativo de 0,01. Os sinais e sintomas foram a principal razão da consulta em 35% dos pacientes, 78% foram à consulta sozinhos e 81% comentaram o exame com a parceira. Sem diferença estatística, 94,2% no grupo A e 97,8% no grupo B repetiriam o exame no ano seguinte e 91,6% no grupo A e 96,6% no grupo B relataram que o exame não foi pior do que imaginavam. Todos recomendariam o EDR para parentes ou amigos. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes que fizeram o EDR pela primeira vez após consulta urológica com esclarecimentos educativos prévios sobre o tema referiram significativamente menor desconforto.

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The dissertation ´I knit, therefore I am!´ Learning and identity in informal space has two main purposes. The first purpose being an investigation of how new value attributions and thinking can generate novel and usable knowledge to the field of craftsmanship, and the second purpose being a display of a different and overlooked philosophical and cultural potential in a reflexive mode of expression, which is able to reflect the normative comprehension of craftsmanship. The dissertation focuses on learning and identity in informal spaces of learning and how it is possible to relate such a learning perspective to crafts training in educational establishments. The empirical foundation of this dissertation is ‘craftivism’. In the dissertation activists from the Nordic countries have been interviewed about what they do when they put up their textile graffiti on lamp posts and house walls. Three research problems are presented: 1) What stories do people who work as crafts activists, tell about ways of relating and methods of action when they make crafts? 2) What do these stories tell about learning and identity? 3) How may the research results influence training and education in craftsmanship? These questions are being asked in order to acquire new knowledge in two aspects; first aspect being knowledge about crafts in relation to techniques, tradition and the objects in crafts, and the second aspect being knowledge about learning and identity in informal spaces of learning. The dissertations theoretical foundation is post structural and sociocultural combined with hermeneutical-inspired qualitative interviews. The author’s position and pre-understanding is subject to discussion in relation to the informant; the performing activist, as the background for both of them is craftsmanship. Starting from cultural studies, it is possible to see the activist subject’s conditions of possibilities in the culture, as the activism of the sub-cultural phenomenon’s craft lights up through a performing approach to the individual’s actions. First the research material has been analysed for events of textile graffiti and possible themes in the events, after which the results have been summarised. Next the research material has been analysed for events about learning and identity due to the author’s wish of comprehending the background of and motivational force in activism. The analysis is divided in main perspectives with different dimensions. The results of the analysis show the activist subject’s construction of an individual who actively takes part in a community by e.g. creating joy, changing the world’s perception of sustainability or by feminizing the public space. By taking crafts over the borders (and away from the class room) crafts become contextualized in a novel fashion thus obtaining an independent status. In this fashion the dissertation writes itself into a new method of comprehending and performing traditional craftsmanship techniques.

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O câncer de mama é uma das neoplasias mais comuns entre mulheres. O diagnóstico e a terapia antineoplásica determinam repercussões sociais, econômicas, físicas, emocionais/psicológicas e sexuais. Os principais parâmetros empregados na avaliação dos resultados da terapia antineoplásica são a sobrevida livre de doença e a sobrevida global. Mais recentemente, a qualidade de vida (QV) tem sido considerada mais um desses parâmetros. Não existe consenso quanto à definição de QV. Porém, a maioria das definições contempla os aspectos multidimensional e subjetivo da QV. A identificação dos fatores relacionados à QV e a compreensão da forma como esses fatores contribuem para a percepção da QV são motivos de discussão, uma vez que o conceito de QV está diretamente relacionado ao contexto sociocultural em que o indivíduo está inserido. A idade ao diagnóstico, uso de quimioterapia, tipo de cirurgia, sintomas climatéricos, relacionamento conjugal e sexualidade são alguns fatores associados à QV de mulheres com câncer de mama. A QV associada a diferentes terapias antineoplásicas pode auxiliar pacientes e médicos na escolha da melhor modalidade terapêutica. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo revisa diversos aspectos da QV de mulheres com câncer de mama, apresentando e discutindo o estado atual do conhecimento sobre o tema.

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Songs have the power to get through to people. When lyrics are combined with a tune, the result is an entity where the first few notes of a melody can evoke emotions of recognition and belonging. A song treasury consists of such songs that are part of a canonized song tradition. The process where certain songs become part of an established song treasury is long, and many other aspects than the tune itself influence the forming of a song treasury. By examining the characteristics of a song tradition, the history of an ethnic group can be illuminated. In this study, music, pedagogy, and the sociocultural context are merged into a whole where a common song tradition, the song treasury, is in focus. The main aim of this study is to deepen the understanding of a song treasury, its development and contents. This understanding is accomplished by analyzing the musical and lyrical characteristics of 60 songs, which have been sung in schools, homes, and communities, thereby becoming popular among the Swedish-speaking Finns during the 20th century. The songs have been chosen by combining three song lists, of which two lists are closely related to school curricula. The third song list is a result of a survey on favourite songs, according to the situation around year 2000. The songs are examined in their notated versions, a number of song books and text books (n = 29) forming the empirical material. In this study, a hermeneutical approach is applied, content analysis being the method. The analysis is based on three perspectives: the sociocultural perspective, the music-pedagogical perspective, and the musico-analytical perspective. Within each perspective, two aspects are studied. This results in a hexagonal model which forms the structure of the study as a whole. The first two perspectives form the background; a historical context where nation, education, home country, and homestead are regarded as highly important. A common song repertoire is considered to be an effective means of building collective identity within ethnic groups, the common language and the cultural heritage being used as rhetorical arguments. During the early 1900s, choir festivals become an educational platform where conceptions of a common belonging are developed and strengthened through religious, patriotic, and poetical expressions. National school curricula in singing and music have similar characteristics, cultural heritage and values education being in focus. The song lyrics often describe nature and emotions, and they also appear to be personal and situated in a given time and place. Patriotic expressions and songs about music are also fairly common. The songs generally express positive attitudes, which are intensified by major tonality, rich and varied melodies with stable rhythms, and a strong tonal base. The analyzed details of the studied aspects are merged into a thick description, which results in an interpretation pattern with three dimensions: a song treasury can be considered an expression of collective identity, cultural heritage, and values education.

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Brazilian researchers and health professionals often face the challenge of having to use tests developed in foreign languages and standardized for populations of other countries, especially in the fields of Neuropsychology and Neurolinguistics. This fact promotes a feeling that some scoring systems may be inadequate for our sociocultural reality. In the present study, we describe the performance of a Brazilian population sample submitted to a translated and adapted version of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE). Sixty normal volunteers (21 men and 39 women), all Portuguese native speakers, ranging in age from 15 to 78 years (average 43.7) and with an educational level of 2 to 16 years (average 9.9), were tested using a translated and adapted Portuguese version of the BDAE. Cut-off scores are suggested for our population and the performance of the Brazilian sample is compared to that of American and Colombian samples, with the results being closely similar in all tasks. We also performed a correlation analysis between age, gender and educational level and the influence of these variables on the performance of the subjects. We found no statistically significant differences between genders. Educational level correlated positively with performance, especially in the subtests involving reading and writing. There was a negative correlation between age and performance in two subtests (Visual Confrontation Naming and Sentences to Dictation), but a coexisting effect of educational level could not be ruled out.