991 resultados para 7038-203
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本文以黄瓜幼贡和离体蒜苔为材料,研究了细胞分裂素BAP在植物中的吸收、运转、代谢,及其对离体蒜苔营养物质再分配的调节。 黄瓜幼苗功能大速、大量地吸收外源BAP,其吸收的方式为被动吸收。BAP的吸收和其浓度在相当在的范围内(0.00015-10ppm)成严格的线性关系;饲喂BAP后的幼苗转移到无BAP的营养液培养时,幼苗体内的BAP大量外漏,进入营养液,直到细胞内外的BAP浓度大致平衡。 去根黄化黄瓜苗吸收外源BAP后迅速运转。约有6%的BAP能到达子叶。BAP的运转基本上只在初期,即吸收开始后最初的几个小时中进行光照对BAP的运转有促进作用。在离体蒜苔中,苔茎中部注射的BAP能极性地向上运转并在珠蒜中积累,这个过程是随着时间而逐渐进行的,到第20天,约有48%的BAP在珠蒜中积累。 去根黄化黄瓜苗下胚轴茎部吸收BAP后迅速代谢。首先形成大量的BAP—核苷,随后又迅速减少,而BAP—葡萄糖苷逐渐增加,成为主要的代谢物。BAP—核苷含量的这种变化可能是BAP吸收后只在最初的内个小时中运转这一现象的直接原因。在下胚轴上部,初期BAP—核苷含量极高,随后逐渐减少,也说明黄瓜苗中BAP—核苷是BAP的动转形式。BAP浓度极低时,其代谢速度稍有放慢。 BAP处理蒜苔对其内3H—葡萄糖的分布有显著影响,在顶端处理时促进葡萄糖向珠蒜中积累,在茎部处理时刺激葡萄糖向茎部移动。幼嫩和迅速衰老的蒜苔,其对BAP的敏感性差异颇大。BAP调节蒜苔营养物质再分配的作用可能是通过刺激处理部位的生长而产生的。
Resumo:
Skin disease occurs frequently in many cetacean species across the globe; methods to categorize lesions have relied on photo-identification (photo-id), stranding, and bycatch data. The current study used photo-id data from four sampling months during 2009 to estimate skin lesion prevalence and type occurring on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from three sites along the southeast United States coast [Sarasota Bay, FL (SSB); near Brunswick and Sapelo Island, GA (BSG); and near Charleston, SC (CHS)]. The prevalence of lesions was highest among BSG dolphins (P=0.587) and lowest in SSB (P=0.380), and the overall prevalence was significantly different among all sites (p<0.0167). Logistic regression modeling revealed a significant reduction in the odds of lesion occurrence for increasing water temperatures (OR=0.92; 95%CI:0.906-0.938) and a significantly increased odds of lesion occurrence for BSG dolphins (OR=1.39; 95%CI:1.203-1.614). Approximately one-third of the lesioned dolphins from each site presented with multiple types, and population differences in lesion type occurrence were observed (p<0.05). Lesions on stranded dolphins were sampled to determine the etiology of different lesion types, which included three visually distinct samples positive for herpesvirus. Although generally considered non-fatal, skin disease may be indicative of animal health or exposure to anthropogenic or environmental threats, and photo-id data provide an efficient and cost-effective approach to document the occurrence of skin lesions in free-ranging populations.
Resumo:
猕猴桃是重要的栽培果树,但目前栽培品种过于单一,不能满足生产和消费的需求。由于猕猴桃的雌雄异株特性、种间杂交亲合性差、遗传上高度杂合以及育种周期长等特点,常规杂交育种困难很大。现代生物技术,如原生质体培养和体细胞杂交等,为培育新品种提供了新途径。 毛花猕猴桃(Actinidia eriantha)和软枣猕猴桃(A.arguta)是猕猴桃属中具有重要利用价值的两个种。毛花猕猴桃果实大小在猕猴桃属中次于中华猕猴桃(A.chinensis)和美味猕猴桃(A.deliciosa)列第三位,果实维生素C含量达1014 mg/l00 g FW。软枣猕猴桃极耐寒,在-40℃下可安全越冬,其果实表面光滑无毛。这两个种是品种改良的重要种质资源。 作为生物技术基础的组织培养与植株再生系统,在毛花猕猴桃上尚未见报道。软枣猕猴桃的组织培养仅有一例报道,且芽分化率和分化系数都很低。这两个种的原生质体培养及与美味猕猴桃的原生质体融合也未见报道。针对这种情况,本试验对毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃的组织培养、原生质体培养及其与美味猕猴桃品种“Hayward”的原生质体融合进行研究,结果建立了较理想的毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃组织培养系统;首次从毛花猕猴桃原生质体得到再生植株和从软枣猕猴桃原生质体培养再生愈伤组织;通过改进融合方法,建立了毛花猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃的原生质体融合体系,并将异核体培养分裂得到细胞团。这些结果有利于今后毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃资源的开发利用。主要试验结果如下: 以毛花猕猴桃试管实生苗叶片和茎段为外植体,培养在附加一定浓度Zea或CPPU的MS培养基上,产生的愈伤组织不经转代就可分化芽。试管苗茎段在附加0.0025 mg/L CPPU和0.1 mg/LIAA的MS培养基上愈伤组织产生、芽分化和苗生长都较理想;试管苗叶片则以附加0.025 mg/L CPPU和0.l mg/LIAA或0.5 mg/L Zea和0.1 mg/LIAA的MS培养基较好。当苗生长至1.0 cm时经诱导生根形成完整植株。 在软枣猕猴桃组织培养中,外植体种类、诱导培养基的激素种类和诱导分化时细胞分裂素种类都有重要影响。无菌苗茎段容易愈伤组织化,但分化困难;叶片外植体产生愈伤组织较难,但分化容易。在含Zea的MS培养基上,两种外植体产生的愈伤组织不经转代即能分化芽。分化培养基中添加Zea能有效地诱导芽分化,其中以2.0 mg/L Zea芽的分化最好,而Kin和BAP在0.5- 2.0 mg/L浓度范围内愈伤组织不分化。 以毛花猕猴桃或软枣猕猴桃试管苗叶片为分离原生质体的材料。试管苗的培养条件对原生质体分离效果及其培养反应有显著影响。弱光培养条件对两个种试管苗的原生质体分离及其培养都有好处,试管苗培养基也有重要影响。毛花猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃试管苗合适培养基分别为MS基本培养基(大量元素减半)和MS+0.00025 mg/L CPPU+ 0.1 mg/LIAA。在此条件下培养的两个种的试管苗叶片,经酶解后原生质体产量分别为0.7-1.8×l06和3.0-3.5×l06/1 g FW,其原生质体在合适培养基上能够分裂。 毛花猕猴桃原生质体培养在MS培养基(去除NH4N03)附加l.0mg/L2,4-D液体培养基中,约10天时发生第一次分裂,分裂能持续下去并在培养3个月时形成约2mm大小愈伤组织。直接将其转入固体培养基中使其增殖和分化。在附加Zea 0.5 mg/L+ O.l mg/L IAA的MS培养基上继代2次,愈伤组织开始分化芽。芽伸长后切下诱导生根,形成完整植株。软枣猕猴桃原生质体培养基中,MS培养基附加2,4-D配合Zea或Kin对启动分裂是必须的,其中以MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L+ Zea 0.5 mg/L最好,在此培养基上原生质体第一次分裂发生在4-6天时,培养12-14天时见到第三次分裂,培养三周的分裂频率为23%。培养45天后形成许多小愈伤组织块。软枣猕猴桃原生质体再生的愈伤组织从液体培养基转入固体培养基后未见进一步分裂。 对18株毛花猕猴桃原生质体再生植株的体细胞染色体数目作了观察,其中12株为整倍体,二倍体和四倍体各六株;另外六株为混倍体,其染色体数目变化在59-203之间。还发现原生质体再生植株有丝分裂间期细胞存在多核现象,有多核细胞的共10株,细胞内多核数目以双核和三核较常见,最多的有七个核。原生质体供体植株为2n=2x=58,未发现多核细胞。原生质体再生植株体细胞多核现象未见报道。 利用毛花猕猴桃或软枣猕猴桃叶片原生质体分别与愈伤组织来源的美味猕猴桃原生质体进行融合,融合方法为高Ca++高pH值PEG法。对Kao等(1975)报道的融合步骤作了修改。影响融合效率的因素主要有PEG种类、融合作用时间和融合液中DMSO浓度。最佳的融合条件为40%PEG (Sigma,MW3350)+10%DMSO,作用40 min。毛花猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃和软枣猕猴桃+美味猕猴桃的融合频率分别可达14.5%和13.6%。异核体经培养可分裂并形成细胞团。
Resumo:
Coral ( Porites astreoides ) from eight sites in southwest Puerto Rico were analyzed for approximately 150 chemical contaminants, to provide a preliminary characterization of environmental contamination in the corals, and assess the relationships between chemical contamination in corals and adjacent sediments. Overall, the concentration of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) detected in the limited number of coral samples collected were comparable to concentrations found in sediments. However, the concentration of a chemical contaminant (e.g., PAHs) in the corals at a site was often different from what was found in adjacent sediments. The level of PCBs and DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in the corals appeared higher just outside of Guanica Bay, and there was some evidence of a downstream concentration gradient for these two contaminant classes. The trace elements copper and zinc were frequently detected in Porites astreoides , and the concentrations were usually comparable to those found in adjacent sediments. Chromium was an exception in that it was not detected in any of the coral samples analyzed, although it was detected in all of the sediment samples.
Resumo:
本文应用反义基因技术对减法杂交和差异筛选所获得的春化相关基因CDNA克隆( Verc203)的功能进行鉴定。将Vcrc203插入PB1221质粒的CaMV35S启动子与GLIS基因之间构成表达载体,采用花粉管途径转基因法导入冬小麦胚,得到300粒种子。将上述处理的冬小麦种子萌发后在2-4℃处理28天,转入自然条件下栽培。以幼叶为材料提取基因组DNA,以Gus基因片断为探针,用点杂交法筛选获得转基因植株.转基因植株在自然条件下生长三个月未见抽穗, 而同样栽培条件下的对照(未经转基因处理的冬小麦,经相同条件春化处理)则全部抽穗。以Vcrc203和Gus基因的部分序列为引物,在转基因材料的基因组DNA中扩增出Vcrc203反义基因序列,Gus活性检测表明Gus基因在转基因小麦的茎尖和叶片中得到表达。上述结果表明Vcrc203的反义基因已整合到冬小麦基因组内,并得到高效表达。转基因植株的发育受到严重影响,显示Vcrc203基因可能参与了冬小麦春化作用对植物发育进程的调控.