不同生长季节下藏药麻花秦艽活性成分含量研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定了野生与栽培藏药麻花秦艽（Gentiana straminea）根中龙胆苦苷、落干酸、獐牙菜苦苷和獐牙菜苷四种环烯醚萜苷类化学成分的含量及其在不同生长季节的变化趋势。结果表明，4种环烯醚萜苷类成分的含量随植物的生长季节而波动，其活性成分含量在野生种与栽培种之间发生了一定的差异。但是，栽培根中的龙胆苦甙已达到药典的标准，可供药用。

柴达木盆地唐古特白刺籽油的安全性与降血脂作用

对柴达木唐古特白刺种籽油的安全性和降血脂作用进行了研究。以超临界CO2萃取技术提取白刺种籽油，采用小白鼠进行急性毒性实验和安全性评价，以高脂例料诱导建立大鼠高脂动物模型，灌胃种籽油4w，测定动物血清血脂水平。结果表明，小鼠每日给予白刺籽油40ml／kg，连续观察14d，无毒性表现，服用安全；种籽油5g／kg和10g／kg剂量对高脂饲料诱导的大鼠血清TC、TG及LDL具有显著的抑制作用，可显著升高高血脂大鼠HDL／TC和HDL／LDL的比值，表明高剂量白刺种籽油具有显著的降血脂作用。

江河源区主要自然生物资源概述

广袤的草地、特有的高寒湿地以及丰富而有又独特的生物多样性是江河源区重要的自然生物资源.草地占江河源区总土地面积的84.53%,是源区畜牧业经济发展的基础,同时也是长江、黄河和澜沧江三大江河的源头区域,为江河中、下游地区生态环境稳定和经济持续发展提供无可替代的服务.江河源区是世界上海拔最高的高寒湿地主要分布区,湿地总面积达8 000 km2.江河源区独特的生态环境孕育了种类繁多的特有动、植物种类,源区约有哺乳动物、鸟类和鱼类133、249和219种,牧草植物、药用植物、食用植物和观赏植物约800、808、80和400种,是世界海拔最高的生物多样性集中分布区.然而,由于超载放牧、盲目采挖、盗猎等不合理的开发和利用以及气候变化等诸多因素的综合影响,江河源区草地生态系统退化、高寒湿地萎缩、生物多样性锐减等生态环境危机不断加剧.正确权衡江河源区自然生物资源的短期经济价值及其所拥有的巨大生态公益和潜在开发价值,科学决策,保护江河源区自然生物资源迫在眉睫.

高原鼠兔对小嵩草草甸的破坏及其防治

1997-2000年在青海省果洛州达日县，通过测定不同程度退化草地、人上草地和除杂草地中高原鼠兔群数量的变化以及对草地的破坏程度，分析了草地植物群落变化对高原鼠兔种群数量的影响结果表明：随草地退化程度的加重，，高原鼠兔种群数量相应升高，重度退化草地中高原鼠兔种群数量降低是由食物资源不足引起一不同程度退化草地之间高原鼠兔种群数量差异极显著（t_（未退化与轻度）＝25．3697，t_ t_(未退化与重度）＝36.4060，t_（轻度与中度）＝23．2794,t_（鼠兔对草地的破坏面积与平均单坑面积呈显著的相关关系（F＝220.46，df＝3，P＜0 ．001）在草地达到化以前，高原鼠兔的种群密度升高，对草地的危害则加重草地植物群落空间结构的变化直接影响高原鼠兔的种群数量，当植物群落高度增加时，其种群数量开始减少，反之则增加

草地有害啮齿动物监测专家系统设计介绍

主要介绍了青藏高原草地有害啮齿动物监测专家系统的建造原理和方法。该系统由综合数据库、知识库、推理机、知识编辑语言及系统建造支持环境等部分组成，文中详细说明各部分的主要功能以及与其它部分的相互关系。该系统可对青藏高原有害啮齿动物种群动态进行长期监测，快速准确地预测预报草地植被受害状况，并根据生态环境特点，对有害啮齿动物综合治理进行规划，为用户提供长期治理的技术和多种可供选择的可行性方案。

Leaf orientation, incident sunlight, and photosynthesis in the alpine species Suassurea superba and Gentiana straminea on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The extremely high level of solar radiation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may induce photoinhibition and thus limit leaf carbon gain. To assess the effect of high light, we examined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence for two species differing in light interception: the prostrate Saussurea superba and the erect-leaved Gentiana straminea. In controlled conditions with favorable water and temperature, neither species showed apparent photoinhibition in gas exchange measurements. In natural environment, however, their photosynthetic rate decreased remarkably at high light. Photosynthesis depression was aggravated under high leaf temperature or soil water stress. Relative stomatal limitation was much higher in S. superba than in G. straminea and it remarkably increased in the later species at midday when soil was dry. F-v/F-m as an indicator for photoinhibition was generally higher in S. superba than in the other species. F-v/F-m decreased significantly under high light at midday in both species, even when soil moisture was high. F-0 linearly elevated with the increment of leaf temperature in G. straminea, but remained almost constant in S. superba. Electron transport rate (ETR) increased with photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) in S. superba, but declined when PPFD was high than about 1000 mumol m(-2) s(-1) in G. straminea. Compared to favorable environment, the estimated daily leaf carbon gain at PPFD above 800 mumol m(-2) s(-1) was reduced by 32% in S. superba and by 17% in G. straminea when soil was moist, and by 43% and 53%, respectively, when soil was dry. Our results suggest that the high radiation induces photoinhibition and significantly limits photosynthetic carbon gain, and the limitation may further increase at higher temperature and in dry soil.

大别山碰撞造山带逆冲推覆构造运动学和动力学研究

Since the discovery of coesite-bearing eclogites in Dabie and Sulu region over ten years ago, the Dabie collisional orogen has been the "hot-spot" across the world. While many great progresses have been made for the last decade in the researches on the Dabie and Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks in the following fields, such as, petrology, mineralogy, isotope chronology, and geochemistry, the study of the structural geology on the Dabie orogen is still in great need. Thrust and nappe tectonics commonly developed in any collisional orogenic belt during the syncollisional process of the orogen. It is the same as the Dabic collisional orogen is concerned. The paper put much stress on the thrust and nappe tectonics in the Dabic orogenic belt, which have been seldom systematically studied before. The geometric features including the division and the spatial distribution of various thrust and nappe tectonics in the Dabie orogen have been first studied, which is followed by the detailed studies on their kinematic characteristics in different scales varying from regional tectonics to microtectonics. In the thesis, new deformation ages have been obtained by the isotopic methods of ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr minerals-whole rock isochrons on the mylonites formed in three ductile shear zones which bounded three different major nappes in the Dabie collisional orogenic belt. And the petrological, geochemical characteristics of some metamorphic rocks as well as the geotectonics of their protoliths, which have also deformed in the ductile shear zone, are analyzed and discussed. In the paper, twelve nappes in the Dabie orogen are first divided, which are bounded by various important NWW or NW-strike faults and three NNE-strike faults. They are Shangcheng Nappe, Huoshan Nappe, Yuexi Nappe, Yingshanjian-Hengzhong Nappe, Huangzhen Nappe, Xishui-Huangmei Nappe, Zhoudang Nappe, Suhe-Huwan Nappe, Xinxian Nappe, Hong'an Nappe, Mulan Nappe and Hhuangpi-Susong Nappe. In the Dabie orogen, three types of thrust and nappe tectonics belonging to two stages have been confirmed. They are: (1) early stage ductile thrust -nappe tectonics which movement direction was top-to-the-south; (2) late stage brittle to ductile-brittle thrust-nappe tectonics which are characterized by double-vergence movement, including top-to-the-north and top-to-the-south; (3) the third type also belongs to the late stage which also characterized by double-vergence movement, including top-to-the-east and top-to-the-west, and related to the strike-slip movement. The deformation ages of both Wuhe-Shuihou ductile shear zone and Taihu-Mamiao ductile shear zone have been dated by ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar method. ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar plateau ages of biotite and mica from the mylonites in these two shear zones are 219.57Ma and 229.12Ma. The plateau ages record the time of ductile deformation of the ductile shear zones, which made the concerned minerals of the mylonites exhume from amphibolite facies to the middle-upper crustal conditions by the early stage ductile thrust-nappe tectonics. The mineral isochons of Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr dating on the same mylonite sample of the metamafic rocks are 156.5Ma and 124.56Ma respectively. The two isochron ages suggest that the mylonitic rock strongly deformed in the amphilbolite facies at 156Ma and then exhumed to the upper crustal green schist condition at 124Ma with the activities of the Quiliping-Changlinggang ductile shear zone which bounded to the southen edge of Xinxian Nappe. Studies of the petrological and geochemical characteristics of some meta-mafic rocks and discussion on the geotectonics of their protoliths indicate that their protoliths were developped in an island arc or back-arc basin or active continental margin in which calc-alkline basalts formed. This means that arc-accretion orogeny had evolved in the margins of North china plate and/or Yangtze plate before these two plates directly collided with each other during the evolution process of Dabie orogen. Three-stage evolution of the thrust-nappe tectonics in Dabie collisional orogen has been induced based on the above-mentioned studies and previous work of others. And a possible 3-stage exhumation model (Thrust-Positive Flower Structure Model) has also been proposed.

西藏高原草原化嵩草草甸生态系统呼吸及碳平衡

The soil respiration and net ecosystem productivity of Kobresia littledalei meadow ecosystem was investigated at Dangxiong grassland station, one grassland field station of Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station. Soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration were measured at the same time by using Li6400-09 chamber in growing season of year 2004. The response of soil respiration and its components, i.e. microbial heterotrophic respiration and root respiration to biotic and abiotic factors were addressed. We studied the daily and seasonal variation on Net Ecosystem carbon Exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance equipments and then the regression models between the NEE and the soil temperature. Based on the researches, we analyzed the seasonal variation in grass biomass and estimated NEE combined the Net Ecosystem Productivity with heterogeneous respiration and then assessed the whether the area is carbon source or carbon sink. 1.Above-ground biomass was accumulated since the grass growth started from May; On early September the biomass reached maximum and then decreased. The aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was 150.88 g m~" in 2004. The under-ground biomass reached maximum when the aboveground start to die back. Over 80% of the grass root distributed at the soil depth from 0 to 20cm. The underground NPP was 1235.04 g m"2.. Therefore annual NPP wasl.385X103kg ha"1, i.e.6236.6 kg C ha"1. 2. The daily variation of soil respiration showed single peak curve with maximum mostly at noon and minimum 4:00-6:00 am. Daily variations were greater in June, July and August than those in September and October. Soil respiration had strong correlation with soil temperature at 5cm depth while had weaker correlation with soil moisture, air temperature, surface soil temperature, and so on. But since early September the soil respiration had a obviously correlation with soil moisture at 5cm depth. Biomass had a obviously linearity correlation with soil respiration at 30th June, 20th August, and the daytime of 27th September except at 23lh October and at nighttime of 27th September. We established the soil respiration responding to the soil temperature and to estimate the respiration variation during monsoon season (from June through August) and dry season (May, September and October). The regression between soil respiration and 5cm soil temperature were: monsoon season (June through August), Y=0.592expfl()932\ By estimating , the soil daily respiration in monsoon season is 7.798gCO2m"2 and total soil respiration is 717.44 gCC^m" , and the value of Cho is 2.54; dry season (May, September and October), Y=0.34exp°'085\ the soil daily respiration is 3.355gCO2m~2 and total soil respiration is 308.61 gCC^m", and the value of Cho is 2.34. So the total soil respiration in the grown season (From May to October) is 1026.1 g CO2IT1"2. 3. Soil heterogeneous respiration had a strong correlation with soil temperature especially with soil temperature at 5cm depth. The variation range in soil heterogeneous respiration was widely. The regression between soil heterogeneous respiration and 5cm soil temperature is: monsoon season, Y=0.106exp ' 3x; dry season, Y=0.18exp°"0833x.By estimating total soil heterotrophic respiration in monsoon season is 219.6 gCC^m"2, and the value of Cho is 3.78; While total soil heterogeneous respiration in dry season is 286.2 gCCbm"2, and the value of Cho is 2.3. The total soil heterotrophic respiration of the year is 1379.4kg C ha"1. 4. We estimated the root respiration through the balance between soil respiration and the soil heterotrophic respiration. The contribution of root respiration to total respiration was different during different period: re-greening period 48%; growing period 69%; die-back period 48%. 5. The Ecosystem respiration was relatively strong from May to October, and of which the proportion in total was 97.4%.The total respiration of Ecosystem was 369.6 g CO2 m" .we got the model of grass respiration respond to the soil temperature at 5cm depth and then estimated the daytime grass respiration, plus the nighttime NEE and daytime soil respiration. But when we estimated the grass respiration, we found the result was negative, so the estimating value in this way was not close. 6. The estimating of carbon pool or carbon sink. The NPP minus the soil heterogeneous respiration was the NEE, and it was 4857.3kg C o ha"1, which indicated that the area was the carbon sink.

广西都安喀斯特石漠化的分布特征及其与岩性的空间相关性

在以广西都安瑶族自治县为研究对象，以RS与GIS一体化为分析手段，首先采用TM影像为背景资料，辅以地形图、土地利用图、土壤图、地质图以及GPS实测数据库等相关资料综合分析的基础上，建立石漠化分级的遥感影像解译指标体系，生成都安县石漠化分级分布图和数字化岩性图，然后从空间相关性的角度阐明了不同级别石漠化与碳酸盐岩岩性之间的内存联系。

生物壳体锶地球化学恢复盆地古水文——以泥河湾盆地为例

本文以著名的泥河湾盆地小渡口剖面28层为实例，通过有孔虫，介形虫，腹足类微体生物壳体87Sr/86Sr比值与盆地汇水区域Sr同位素地层分布特征对比分析以及生物壳体Sr/Ca国度的相关性，来重塑沉积盆地汇水来源变更，湖水变化等古水文要素，进而可以反演区域构造－气候变化，实例研究结果表明，生物壳体87Cr/86Sr 及Sr/Ca比值等地球化学方法是恢复盆地古水文条件的重要手段。

高产Monacolin K红曲菌株的复合诱变选育

利用紫外线和氯化锂对一株紫红曲Monascus purpureus 菌株进行复合诱变试验。在最佳紫外照射时间为45s 和最佳氯化锂浓度为1.0‰的情况下，获得了一株Monacolin K 高产突变菌Monascu purpureus ZT32 且连续传接5 代产量稳定，用紫外分光光度法检测其Monacolin K 含量为219.9μg/mL，较原始菌株高出2 倍多，然后将其用于固态发酵，结果表明：红曲米中的Monacolin K 的含量达到8.33mg/g，是原始菌株的3.3 倍。

半封闭溶样冷原子荧光法测定鱼体中的总汞

将半封闭混酸消化法与冷原子荧光法并用，对鱼体肌肉组织在95～140℃下进行消化并测定其总汞含量。实验结果检验表明．该方法精确度高。对于鱼汞国际标准样品（TORT-2，DORM-2）测定结果表明，实测结果与推荐值间的误差小于1．13％。是快速，准确地测定鱼体中总汞的理想方法。同时。此方法也适用于其它生物样品或沉积物和土壤中总汞的测定.

东川桃园式铜矿Ar-Ar同位素年龄及意义

通过对东川桃园铜矿与铜矿共生石英的^40Ar／^39Ar同位素年龄的测定，得到马鞍形年龄谱，其坪年龄为768．43Ma±0．58Ma．等时线年龄为770．00Ma±5．44Ma。该矿床后期改造作用明显，并非同生沉积或成岩作用早期成矿，而与晋宁期Rodina大陆裂解有关。东川铜矿的形成可能是在Rodinia大陆裂解时，从深部带来大量成矿物质改造成岩时期初始的矿化，形成矿床的叠加富集和最终定位．因此，晋宁-澄江期是东川铜矿的主成矿期。

贵州东风水库中不同形态汞迁移转化规律的初步探讨

北欧和北美的研究发现水库是典型的汞敏感生态系统，新建水库而引起的鱼的甲基汞污染问题已经受到科学家的高度重视，而我国在这方面的研究比较薄弱。本论文以乌江流域上游的东风水库为研究对象，于夏季（2007 年8月）、冬季（2007 年12 月）和春季（2008年4月）分别对水库不同深度分层水体、沉积物间隙水、沉积柱剖面中不同形态汞的含量、分布特征以及迁移转化规律进行了详细的研究。研究结果发现： 1.东风水库水体中各种形态汞浓度均表现出季节性变化。总汞(THg)浓度变化范 围为1.1-2.3ng/L，平均为1.6ng/L；溶解态汞(THg)浓度变化范围为0.3-1.3ng/L，平均为0.6ng/L；颗粒态汞(PHg)浓度范围为0.3-1.5ng/L，平均为0.8ng/L；活性汞(RHg)浓度范围为0.2-0.6ng/L，平均为0.4ng/L；总甲基汞(TMHg)浓度变化范 围为0.04-1.01ng/L，平均为0.27ng/L；溶解态甲基汞(DMHg)浓度变化范围为0.03-0.48ng/L，平均为0.12ng/L；颗粒态甲基汞汞(PMHg)浓度范围为0.01-0.7ng/L，平均为0.16ng/L。 2.东风水库水体颗粒态总汞与总汞呈极显著相关，说明东风水库水体的颗粒态汞强烈影响着总汞迁移和分布。水库水体总甲基汞与溶解态甲基汞汞和颗粒态甲基汞之间存在极显著正线性相关，证明水库水体中的甲基汞的产生和迁移与溶解态甲基汞和颗粒态甲基汞均有着密切的关系。但是，水体甲基汞与总汞之间并不存在相关性。 3.东风水库水体夏季溶解态汞、活性汞、溶解态甲基汞浓度均远高于冬春两季，除了外源异重径流输入的影响外，很大程度与夏季水库底部缺氧环境密不可分。沉积物释放大量吸附的汞进入水体，造成水体溶解态汞、活性汞、溶解态甲基汞的升高。 4.东风水库沉积物间隙水中总汞和甲基汞浓度出现明显的季节性变化，夏季大于冬春两季。沉积物甲基汞的浓度分布与沉积物中有机质含量相关性明显（r=0.219＊,n=133）。东风水库沉积物中甲基汞的含量随沉积物深度增加浓度梯度不明显。 5.东风水库沉积物总汞含量基本没有季节变化，浓度变化范围为97-354ng/g，平均为180ng/g。东风水库沉积物中总汞含量大大高于其他未受污染地区水库沉积物中总汞含量。甲基汞含量变化范围为0.1-5.5ng/g，平均为2.1ng/g 。 6.东风水库沉积物间隙水中总汞、甲基汞浓度均显著高于其上覆水体的总汞和甲基汞的浓度，二者之间存在显著的浓度梯度，沉积物中总汞和甲基汞的释放是水库水体的重要来源。