A microscopic analysis of the effects of root surface scaling with different power parameters of er,cr: YSGG laser

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different power parameters of an Erbium, Cromium: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnet laser (Er,Cr:YSGG laser) on the morphology, attachment of blood components (ABC), roughness, and wear on irradiated root surfaces. Sixty-five incisive bovine teeth were used in this study, 35 of which were used for the analysis of root surface morphology and ABC. The remaining 30 teeth were used for roughness and root wear analysis. The samples were randomly allocated into seven groups: G1: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 0.5 W; G2: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 1.0 W; G3: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 1.5 W; G4: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2.0 W; G5: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 2.5 W; G6: Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 3.0 W; G7: scaling and root planning (SRP) with manual curettes. The root surfaces irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG at 1.0 W and scaling with manual curettes presented the highest degrees of ABC. The samples irradiated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser were rougher than the samples treated by the manual curette, and increasing the laser power parameters caused more root wear and greater roughness on the root surface. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser is safe to use for periodontal treatment, but it is not appropriate to use irradiation greater than 1.0 W for this purpose. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:529–535, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The smear layer created by scaling and root planing is physiologically eliminated in a biphasic process

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comments on the T-dual of the gravity dual of D5-branes on S-3

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Convergence towards asymptotic state in 1-D mappings: a scaling investigation

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of acetylation and acetylation-hydroxypropylation (dual-modification) on the properties of starch from Carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dual descriptions of massive spin-3 particles in D=2+1 via Noether gauge embedment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Mirabegron relaxes urethral smooth muscle by a dual mechanism involving β3-adrenoceptor activation and α1-adrenoceptor blockade

Mirabegron is the first β3-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist approved for treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB). This study aimed to investigate the effects of β3-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist mirabegron in mouse urethra. The possibility that mirabegron exerts α1-AR antagonism was also tested in rat smooth muscle preparations presenting α1A- (vas deferens and prostate), α1D- (aorta) and α1B-AR (spleen). Functional assays were carried out in mouse and rat isolated tissues. Competition assays for the specific binding of [(3) H]Prazosin to membrane preparations of HEK 293 cells expressing each of the human α1-ARs, as well as β-AR mRNA expression and cyclic AMP measurements in mouse urethra were performed. Mirabegron produced concentration-dependent urethral relaxations that were right shifted by the selective β3-AR antagonist L 748,337, but unaffected by β1- and β2-AR antagonists (atenolol and ICI 118,551, respectively). Mirabegron-induced relaxations were enhanced by the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram, and this agonist stimulated cAMP synthesis. Mirabegron also produced rightward shifts in urethral contractions induced by the α1-AR agonist phenylephrine. Schild regression analysis revealed that mirabegron behaves as a competitive antagonist of α1-AR in urethra, vas deferens and prostate (α1A-AR, pA2  ≅ 5.6) and aorta (α1D-AR, pA2  ≅ 5.4), but not in spleen (α1B-AR). The affinities estimated for mirabegron in functional assays were consistent with those estimated in radioligand binding with human recombinant α1A- and α1D-ARs (pKi ≅ 6.0). The effects of mirabegron in urethral smooth muscle are the result of β3-AR agonism together with α1A / α1D-AR antagonism.

A dual control mechanism synchronizes riboflavin and sulphur metabolism in Bacillus subtilis

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitches are genetic elements, which in many bacteria control genes responsible for biosynthesis and/or transport of riboflavin (rib genes). Cytoplasmic riboflavin is rapidly and almost completely converted to FMN by flavokinases. When cytoplasmic levels of FMN are sufficient (high levels), FMN binding to FMN riboswitches leads to a reduction of rib gene expression. We report here that the protein RibR counteracts the FMN-induced turn-off activities of both FMN riboswitches in Bacillus subtilis, allowing rib gene expression even in the presence of high levels of FMN. The reason for this secondary metabolic control by RibR is to couple sulfur metabolism with riboflavin metabolism.

Evaluation of femur of orchiectomized guinea pigs by bone densitometry using dual-energy x-ray absortiometry (DXA) and mechanical testing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Método primal-dual de pontos interiores aplicado ao problema de despacho econômico e ambiental

Este artigo traz os resultados obtidos através do estudo e da aplicação do Método Primal-Dual Previsor-Corretor de Pontos Interiores para Problema de Programação Quadr´atica convexa a um Problema de Despacho Econômico (PDE) e a um Problema Multiobjetivo de Despacho Econômico e Ambiental (DEA). O primeiro problema busca determinar a solução ótima aproximada, minimizando os custos dos combustíveis empregados na geração termoelétrica de energia e satisfazendo as restrições operacionais. Já o segundo é solucionado através do Método da Soma Ponderada, que apresenta um balanceamento entre o problema de otimização dos custos e o problema de emissão de poluentes. Ao final do artigo, um algoritmo para cada problema é proposto e implementado computacionalmente utilizando o software Borland C++ Builder 6.0. Os testes foram realizados utilizando um PDE de 13 geradores e um DEA de 06 geradores e os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficiˆencia dos m´etodos quando comparados a outros encontrados na literatura.

Solving the multiobjective environmental/economic dispatch problem using weighted sum and ε-constraint strategies and a predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point method

This paper proposes a technique for solving the multiobjective environmental/economic dispatch problem using the weighted sum and ε-constraint strategies, which transform the problem into a set of single-objective problems. In the first strategy, the objective function is a weighted sum of the environmental and economic objective functions. The second strategy considers one of the objective functions: in this case, the environmental function, as a problem constraint, bounded above by a constant. A specific predictor-corrector primal-dual interior point method which uses the modified log barrier is proposed for solving the set of single-objective problems generated by such strategies. The purpose of the modified barrier approach is to solve the problem with relaxation of its original feasible region, enabling the method to be initialized with unfeasible points. The tests involving the proposed solution technique indicate i) the efficiency of the proposed method with respect to the initialization with unfeasible points, and ii) its ability to find a set of efficient solutions for the multiobjective environmental/economic dispatch problem.

Estudo da influência do tratamento térmico a laser nas características dos aços avançados de alta resistência dual phase 600 e transformed induced plasticity 750

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Scaling a Dataflow Testing Methodology to the MultiparadigmWorld of Commercial Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are widely used but often contain faults. Thus, in prior work we presented a data-flow testing methodology for use with spreadsheets, which studies have shown can be used cost-effectively by end-user programmers. To date, however, the methodology has been investigated across a limited set of spreadsheet language features. Commercial spreadsheet environments are multiparadigm languages, utilizing features not accommodated by our prior approaches. In addition, most spreadsheets contain large numbers of replicated formulas that severely limit the efficiency of data-flow testing approaches. We show how to handle these two issues with a new data-flow adequacy criterion and automated detection of areas of replicated formulas, and report results of a controlled experiment investigating the feasibility of our approach.

Scaling of Spontaneous Rotation with Temperature and Plasma Current in Tokamaks

Using theoretical arguments, a simple scaling law for the size of the intrinsic rotation observed in tokamaks in the absence of a momentum injection is found: The velocity generated in the core of a tokamak must be proportional to the ion temperature difference in the core divided by the plasma current, independent of the size of the device. The constant of proportionality is of the order of 10 km . s(-1) . MA . keV(-1). When the intrinsic rotation profile is hollow, i.e., it is countercurrent in the core of the tokamak and cocurrent in the edge, the scaling law presented in this Letter fits the data remarkably well for several tokamaks of vastly different size and heated by different mechanisms.

Frequency of subtype B and F1 dual infection in HIV-1 positive, Brazilian men who have sex with men

Background: Because various HIV vaccination studies are in progress, it is important to understand how often inter- and intra-subtype co/superinfection occurs in different HIV-infected high-risk groups. This knowledge would aid in the development of future prevention programs. In this cross-sectional study, we report the frequency of subtype B and F1 co-infection in a clinical group of 41 recently HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methodology: Proviral HIV-1 DNA was isolated from subject's peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes that were obtained at the time of enrollment. Each subject was known to be infected with a subtype B virus as determined in a previous study. A small fragment of the integrase gene (nucleotide 4255-4478 of HXB2) was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using subclade F1 specific primers. The PCR results were further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. Viral load (VL) data were extrapolated from the medical records of each patient. Results: For the 41 samples from MSM who were recently infected with subtype B virus, it was possible to detect subclade F1 proviral DNA in five patients, which represents a co-infection rate of 12.2%. In subjects with dual infection, the median VL was 5.3 x 10(4) copies/ML, whereas in MSM that were infected with only subtype B virus the median VL was 3.8 x 10(4) copies/ML (p > 0.8). Conclusions: This study indicated that subtype B and F1 co-infection occurs frequently within the HIV-positive MSM population as suggested by large number of BF1 recombinant viruses reported in Brazil. This finding will help us track the epidemic and provide support for the development of immunization strategies against the HIV.