Grassroots Charity in China: Case Analysis of a Charity Project Organised by Jane Zhang Fan Club

As unregistered grassroots charities do not appear in official statistics in China, they tend to remain unnoticed by scholars. Also as they operate unofficially and avoid publicity, their work is usually not reported by the media. In this research I explore the grassroots charity activity of one pop music fan club from the viewpoint of trust as a sociological concept. I will also establish the general situation on charity in China. By using textual analysis on internet blogs and discussion forums I map the charity project from the discussion of the original idea to the execution and follow up phase. I study the roles the fan club members assume during the project as anonymous participants of internet conversations, as well as concrete active charity volunteers outside of the virtual world. I establish parties, other than the fan club, which are involved in the charity project. Interviews with one of the participant of the project in 2010, 2014 and 2015 bring valuable additional information and help in distributing the questionnaire survey. A quantitative questionnaire survey was distributed among the fan club members to get more detailed information on the motives and attitudes towards official and unofficial charity in China. Because of the inequality in China, the rural minority areas do not have similar educational opportunities as the mostly majority inhabited urban areas, even though the country officially has a nine year compulsory education. Grassroots charities can operate in relative freedom taking some of the government’s burden of social responsibilities if they are not criticizing the authorities. The problem with grassroots charity seems to be lack of sustainability. The lack of trust for authorities and official charities was the reason why the Jane Zhang fan club decided to conduct a charity case unofficially. As a group of people previously unknown to each other, they managed to build mutual trust to carry out the project transparently and successfully, though not sustainably. The internet has provided a new and effective platform for unofficial grassroots charities, who choose not to co-operate with official organisations. On grassroots level charities can have the transparency and trust that lack from official charities. I suggest, that interviewing the real persons behind the internet aliases and finding out what happened outside the discussion forums, would bring a more detailed and outspoken description of the project concerning of the contacts with the local authorities. Also travelling to the site and communicating with the local people in the village would establish how they have experienced the project.

Exploring knowledge worker motivation in autonomous and interdependent problem solving tasks on virtual platforms

The objective of this study is to understand why virtual knowledge workers conduct autonomous tasks and interdependent problem solving tasks on virtual platforms. The study is qualitative case study including three case organizations that tap the knowledge of expert networks, and utilize virtual platforms in the work processes. Research data includes 15 interviews, that is, five experts from each case company. According to the findings there are some specific characteristics in motivation to work on tasks on online platforms. Autonomy, self-improvement, meaningful tasks, knowledge sharing, time management, variety of contacts, and variety of tasks, and projects motivate virtual knowledge workers. Factors that may enhance individuals’ engagement to work on tasks are trust, security of continuous task flow and income, feedback, meaningful tasks and tasks that contribute to self-improvement, flexibility and effectiveness in time management, and virtual tools that support social interaction. The results also indicate that there are some differences in individuals’ motivation based on the tasks’ nature. That is, knowledge sharing and variety of contacts motivated experts who worked on interdependent problem solving tasks. Then again, autonomy and variety of tasks motivated experts who worked on autonomous tasks.

Expressing the self in postmodern travel consumption: a case study of students

The study approaches student travel from the perspective of postmodern consumption. The background is in the observation that the student travel market has a vast potential, but it is not necessarily capitalized upon to the extent it could. This might partly have to do with the peculiarities of postmodernity: consumption is characterized by unpredictability and abstract motives. The research questions are built around what constitutes student travel consumption and how can students be categorized according to motivation, behaviour and values. Also identity and expressiveness are present and it is evaluated, if travel services facilitate these background is the observation that the student travel market has a vast potential, but it is not necessarily capitalized upon to the extent it could be. This might partly have to do with the peculiarities of postmodernity: consumption is characterized by unpredictability and abstract motives. The research questions are built around what constitutes student travel consumption and how can students be categorized according to motivation, behaviour and values. Also identity and expressiveness are present and it is evaluated whether travel services facilitate these constructs. The topic is approached by discovering the key concepts such as self-identity. This was done in order to create survey questions that reflect the underlying theories. The survey was sent to chosen student groups of Turku School of Economics. The data was analyzed using statistical methods, mainly principal component analysis, in order to categorize students’ motives and behaviour into distinct profiles. The findings indicate that students have a high level of awareness in their travel consumption choices. Travel services seem to facilitate identity and lifestyle expressiveness, one central dimension of postmodernity. Psychographics such as motivation seem to work well as a segmentation criteria when it comes to the student traveler market. Travel offers students an opportunity for relaxation, escape, enjoyment and gaining new experiences and social contacts. Furthermore, the enjoyment of the travel experience extends to the pre- and post-trip time.

How to reach more potential global b2b customers to Finnish high tech company websites

This thesis examines the optimization of a website in terms of creating website visibility and interesting and attractive online information, with the aim of finding ways how the case company can increase the number of online visitors for the websites, who would even-tually contact the case company, and become customers. The theoretical part concentrates on website visibility, academic knowledge about search engine optimization, integrated marketing communications, website effectiveness and influence tactics (mostly non-coercive) in an online b2b buying context. The empirical part included an experiment of two weeks on the case website. Search engine optimization requires the most relevant key terms and keywords to be selected and carefully implemented to meta descriptions of the most informational pages. The information visible to visitors on these pages was also opti-mized to make it interesting and purposeful for the targeted audience. The most suitable influence tactics were implemented to certain pages to attract the website visitors to con-tact the case company. The results suggest that relevant key terms in meta descriptions do improve, or maintain the same high, ranking a page has on search engine result pages, but this is not directly connected to the amount of visitors to the website. The number of visi-tors does not either affect the amount of customer contacts the company received during the experiment period.

Business leadership in the classroom

This action research assesses a framework that assists business educators in promoting leadership within a classroom. It is designed to better prepare students to assume leadership and fill the "leadership gap" in business. Two classes of 2nd-year community college business students participated in running and managing their own business community as teams of sales professionals by developing and practicing their own individual leadership for 28 weeks during their sales courses. The intent was to assess the development of leadership resulting from the implementation of the "Business Leadership in the Classroom" framework. This framework balances leadership principles to simulate a business environment with the practical elements of a learning community under the facilitation of an experienced business educator. The action research approach was used to assess and adjust approaches to business leadership on a continuous basis throughout the research. Data were collected from 61 students based on journals, surveys, peer group reviews, and my (facilitator) reflective journal.The findings reveal that both individual and collective business leadership views and practical skills developed over time. A business leadership mind-set evolved that ranged from a general awareness of the importance of leadership, to a conscious and deliberate use of individual leadership. Areas important in building a progression of leadership included: leadership teams, membership roles, weekly leadership teams, peer feedback, and activity-based learning. Emerging themes included leadership, leadership style, teamwork, as well as influence and motivation. The research framework was effective in supporting the development of business leadership but required some adjustments. These included increased structure and feedback mechanisms. Interpretation of the findings demonstrates the importance of real-world practical education in the classroom. Results show how focusing on a single mind-set such as business leadership, can result in enormous individual growth and development. When business students are encouraged to act as real businesspeople, managing their own learning, the results are effective in preparing them for the business world. All participants expressed their leadership in different ways based on personality and individual strengths. There was an overwhelming and, in some cases, passionate interest in leadership. The use of action research with a range of data collection methods provides a way to measure and track individual student learning and to generate adjustments to the research framework design and learning approaches. The findings generate implications and recommendations to continue this research further. Key recommendations center around how to ensure leadership development is sustained, including improved approaches to heighten the real-world feel of the classroom. Specifically, the use of leadership goals and action plans for each individual participant and an active use of outside business resource people as contacts for participants is recommended.

Education in the halls : students' perspectives on cultural expression and resistance

This research is a qualitative study of cultural reproduction and resistance from students' perspectives. Thirteen teenagers (eight in attendance in regular high schools and five drop-outs) were recruited to take part and were involved to varying degrees through interviews, journal writing, and group interactive sessions. A purposive sampling design was used initially to recruit individuals known to the researcher through contacts in an alternate education setting. Other participants were recruited throughout the research phase. The theoretical aspects are premised on the work of Paul Willis, Michel Foucault, and Pierre Bourdieu. The reflexive praxeology of Bourdieu reflects the position taken as one way of understanding how students construct and respond to the situations of cultural dominance they experience in schools. The same reflexivity is offered for suggestions as to how teachers can respond to their own position in the education system.

Some electrical properties of semi-conductor crystals / |nPhyu Phyu Khin. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

SiC and AtB 12 have been prepared and their resistivities and Hall voltages measured. The resistivities and Hall voltages were measured by the Van der Pauw's method, using spring loaded tungsten contacts. In this method, the major requirement is to have samples of plane parallel surfaces of arbitrary shape with four small contacts at the circumference. Similar measurements were made with a number of SiC crystals obtained from the Norton Research Corporation (Canada)-Ltd., Carolina Aluminum Co., Exolon Co. and Carborundum Co. It was found that resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility of ions depend on the type of impurity. AtB 12 was prepared from the melt containing At and B in the ratio of 4:1. They formed amber-colour pseudo tetragonal crystals. As the crystals obtained were small for electrical measurements, hot pressed lumps have been used to measure their resistivity.

Specific heat of UPdâ Siâ

The specific heat of single-crystal U Pd2 Si2 has been studied using both the step heating and continious heating methods for the temperature range 2 to 250 K. Successive phase transitions at Tl = 136I< and T2 = 108I< are reported, which are consistent with current publications. The transition at 40K, which was previously reported, has not been detected. Recent published elastic neutron scattering data, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity results suggest that U Pd2 Si2 may be a heavy fermion compound, however, the electronic specific heat coefficient I (= 18.97 ;~), obtained from the specific heat Cv measurements, is smaller than that of the conventional heavy fermion system. The Debye temperature of U Pd2Si2 is found to be 116.55K. The possibility is discussed that the maximum in CIT in the low-temperature range 2 to 4K corresponds to Schottky anomaly induced by localized magnetic impurities .

The crystal and molecular structure of thiamine hydroiodide /|nWilliam Edward Lee. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont.] : Dept. of Chemistry, Brock University,

The x-ray crystal structure of thiamine hydroiodide,C1ZH18N40S12' has been determined. The unit cell parameters are a = 13.84 ± 0.03, o b = 7.44 ± 0.01, c = 20.24 ± 0.02 A, 8 = 120.52 ± 0.07°, space group P2/c, z = 4. A total of 1445 reflections having ,2 > 2o(F2), 26 < 40° were collected on a Picker four-circle diffractometer with MoKa radiation by the 26 scan technique. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method. The iodine and sulphur atoms were refined anisotropically; only the positional parameters were refined for the hydrogen atoms. Successive least squares cycles yielded an unweighted R factor of 0.054. The site of protonation of the pyrimidine ring is the nitrogen opposite the amino group. The overall structure conforms very closely to the structures of other related thiamine compounds. The bonding surrounding the iodine atoms is distorted tetrahedral. The iodine atoms make several contacts with surrounding atoms most of them at or near the van der Waal's distances A thiaminium tetrachlorocobaltate salt was produced whose molecular and crystal structure was j~dged to be isomorphous to thiaminium tetrachlorocadmate.

Opioid poisoning and availability of specialized medical care in Ontario, 2002-2006

The prescription of opioid analgesics has risen sharply in North America over the past two decades. This increase has been accompanied by a rise in overdoses. The present study draws on administrative data collected from emergency department contacts to describe the epidemiology of opioid overdose in Ontario b~tween 2002 and 2006 and to examine the role of regional variation in availability of specialist care. The number of poisonings increased from 1250 (10.9 per 100,000) in FY2002 to 1816 (15.2 per 100,000) in FY2005. Local concentration of specialist physicians was significantly associated with the incidence of opioid overdose, inversely at most levels of availability, but positively at very high levels. Regional variation in incidence was also associated with demographics, median family income, and the rate of other drug poisonings. Policy options for limiting opioid-related harms are limited, but improvements in monitoring and clinical management may prove valuable.

Upper Lakes Shipping Ltd. fonds 1955-1990, n.d. (non-inclusive)

In March 1931, Captain Bruce Angus was sent to Sarnia by Gordon C. Leitch, general manager of Toronto Elevators. He was sent to inspect the Sarnian to ensure it was still seaworthy. Leitch was a savvy business man, who had been active in the business community for a number of years. Leitch began his career with a partner in the lumber business. When that went under he moved into graineries and worked for the Winnipeg Wheat Pool for 12 years. After Winnipeg he moved to Toronto, which was closer to his home town of Ridgetown, Ontario. In Toronto Leitch became manager of the Toronto branch of the Canadian Wheat Pool. While managing the wheat pools in Toronto Leitch became aware of huge costs associated with shipping the grains from the praries into the Toronto area. He felt that there was no need for such costs and decided to do something to make them better and cheaper for the business. Originally the grain was loaded onto Lakers that would bring the grain from the praries to Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. It was stored there until needed by the Toronto graineries and then hauled across land by either truck or train. The land journey was the most expensive and the one which Leitch wanted to eliminate. This was a fine plan except for 2 obstacles that were quickly overcome. First of all the Welland canals were not large enough to accommodate the large carriers that were bringing in the grain. This was changing as the expansion and widening of the canals was already underway. The second issue was the lack of storage in Toronto for the grain. The grain elevators had been destroyed by fire in the late 1880s and never replaced. Leitch propsed his company built its own storage elevators along the water front to allow not only for easier access to the grain, and more timely production of products. The elevators would aslo create a reduction in shipping costs and an overall more competitoive price for the customers of the grainery. The company refused, so Leitch went elsewhere to friends and contacts within the grain industry. The elevators were built and Leitch quit his job with the Canadian Wheat Pool and became the general manager of the elevators. Although the elevators were built and ready for storage the next issue was filling them. None of the carriers wanted to do business with Leitch because the competition in Georgian Bay threatened to cancel their contracts if they did. Leitch saw no way around this, but to provide his own transportation. This is when he sent Captain Bruce Angus to scout out potential ships. The ship was purchased for $37,000 and after another $30,000 was spent to fix it up, it was ready for business. The need for transportation and the finding of a seaworthy ship, lead to the beginnings of the Northland Steamship Company. The Sarnian proved to not be enough for the business underway. Leitch decided another ship was necessary. He joined forces with James Norris the owner of the Norris Grain Company. He proposed they join forces to create a more economical means of transportating their products.

Représentations sociales interethniques en région : les cas de Drummondville et de Gatineau

Les études portant sur la régionalisation de l’immigration au Québec ont largement traité de la question des avantages démographiques, politiques et économiques d’une telle pratique en matière de repeuplement des régions touchées par l’exode des jeunes, alors que celles portant sur la dimension sociale de l’établissement d’immigrants en région se font plus rares. Par ailleurs, la recension des écrits portant sur la régionalisation de l’immigration a fait ressortir l’absence d’études au sujet de certaines régions du Québec. De là le double intérêt du présent mémoire, qui propose d’une part d’enrichir le corpus de connaissances en étudiant les contextes de Drummondville et de Gatineau, et d’autre part d’examiner la question de la régionalisation de l’immigration au Québec d’une perspective relationnelle entre immigrants et natifs. Pour ce faire, il a été question d’examiner les discours des immigrants et des non-immigrants de Drummondville et de Gatineau sur l’intégration des nouveaux arrivants en région dans le but d’identifier s’il existe une homogénéité des propos au sein de chacun des deux groupes, afin de comprendre les dynamiques des dichotomisations nous/eux dans le contexte des relations interethniques en région au Québec et d’en questionner la pertinence. L’élaboration du cadre conceptuel a ainsi permis de définir sociologiquement les notions des représentations sociales, de l’identité culturelle, des relations interethniques et intraethniques et de l’intégration, et un travail de terrain de plusieurs mois a permis la cueillette du matériau d’analyse. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès de vingt-quatre sujets, répartis également entre immigrants et natifs du Canada. Enfin, l’analyse qualitative a été structurée selon cinq thèmes : pratiques résidentielles; fréquentations et affinités; emploi et engagement communautaire; gestion de la diversité; politique et identité. L’hypothèse de départ voulant que les interactions fréquentes avec l’exogroupe génèrent des représentations sociales positives à leur égard s’est avérée invérifiable dans la mesure où les sujets qui ont accepté d’être interviewés entretenaient pour la plupart déjà des interactions fréquentes avec l’exogroupe. Et ces interactions s’avéraient de nature positive. D’autre part, le postulat concernant la présence d’une crainte généralisée chez les natifs du Québec face aux immigrants et le conservatisme associé aux secteurs situés hors de la métropole montréalaise s’est avéré faux. Il ressort que ces deux milieux possèdent des institutions et des individus activement engagés dans ce projet, et que la peur ou le rejet des immigrants, malgré le fait que ma recherche ait été menée dans une période de haute tension (accommodements raisonnables, affaire d’Hérouxville, etc.), était extrêmement minoritaire. Par ailleurs, les participants non-immigrants habitant Drummondville ont paru aussi ouverts d’esprit que ceux habitant Gatineau, en dépit de la proximité de la seconde d’Ottawa, une grande ville multiculturelle et réceptrice de l’immigration depuis plus longtemps.

Quelle régulation pour l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche clinique de thérapie génique somatique ? État des lieux auprès des cliniciens-chercheurs européens

Depuis 2002, le débat sur les risques associés à la thérapie génique est initié suite à l’annonce que deux enfants inclus dans un essai thérapeutique impliquant une thérapie génique ont développé des effets indésirables important. En Janvier 2005, le débat sur les risques reprit suite à l’interruption du protocole sur les enfants bulle du Pr Fischer à l’hôpital Necker de Paris. Nous avons donc étudié le processus impliqué ainsi que la réflexion éthique associée aux décisions d’arrêt de protocole de recherche. Notre travail a été mené par une équipe pluridisciplinaire combinant chercheurs en santé, généticiens et éthiciens. Nous avons étudié la participation des chercheurs, des patients, des institutions officielles, des comités d’éthique ainsi que des associations de patients dans le processus de décision d’interruption d’un protocole de recherche.Nous avons également analysé les critères jugés les plus pertinents dans l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche. Enfin nous avons analysé le point de vue des personnes directement impliquées dans la thérapie génique au moyen d’un questionnaire. Toutes les personnes contactées ont présenté un poster de recherche au congrès de la Société Européenne de Thérapie Génique. 62 personnes d’autant d’équipes de recherche différentes, de 17 pays, sur les 350 contactés ont répondu. Selon eux, la décision d’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche doit être prise suite à une consultation des chercheurs, des patients, du ministère de tutelle, d’une agence nationale de régulation ou d’un comité d’éthique ; la légitimité étant accordée à des décisions prises en commun par les chercheurs, les patients et les comités d’éthique. Les incidents sérieux et de façon plus surprenante, les incidents moins graves sont jugés comme étant des critères suffisants pour interrompre un essai. Nous avons fini par analyser les conséquences éthiques, telles que balance bénéfice/risque, processus de régulation ou responsabilité, de ces critères sur l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche.

L’identification et l’impact de différents types de réseaux sociaux dans les trajectoires de vie de personnes assistées sociales

Ce mémoire traite du rôle des réseaux sociaux dans les trajectoires de vie des personnes qui vivent de l’aide sociale au Québec. La discrimination et la stigmatisation sont des processus émanant de rapports sociaux dans lesquels peuvent être inscrites ces personnes du fait de leurs conditions de vie précaires. L’analyse des réseaux sociaux pourrait nous permettre de découvrir certaines dynamiques, propres à ces rapports sociaux, en portant sur leur caractère qualitatif et temporel. Nous avons eu recours aux récits de vie afin d’identifier certains réseaux sociaux émergeant du discours et d’élaborer un modèle d’analyse qualitative des réseaux sociaux dans une perspective de trajectoire de vie. Cette étape a permis de percevoir l’existence d’un lien entre certains événements importants du récit et les transformations des relations. Nous avons également relevé dans le discours des indicateurs de la qualité des contacts selon leur contribution « positive », « négative » ou « neutre » dans la trajectoire. La comparaison des trajectoires des personnes sélectionnées a permis d’identifier des morphologies de réseaux similaires et de dresser une typologie. Les types ont pu être identifiés en fonction des trois catégories dominantes de contacts évoquées par les répondants : la famille, les connaissances, et les organismes. La mention de l’aide sociale, de contacts en psychiatrie ou même le passage sous silence par le répondant d’une de ces catégories a permis de nuancer la typologie et de recenser onze types de réseaux. Afin d’évaluer l’intérêt de ce modèle d’analyse, nous avons tenté une opérationnalisation exploratoire de la typologie.

La collaboration interprofessionnelle vers une transformation des pratiques au sein d’un GMF de deuxième vague

INTRODUCTION : Les soins de première ligne au Québec vivent depuis quelques années une réorganisation importante. Les GMF, les cliniques réseaux, les CSSS, les réseaux locaux de service, ne sont que quelques exemples des nouveaux modes d’organisation qui voient le jour actuellement. La collaboration interprofessionnelle se trouve au cœur de ces changements. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Il s’agit d’une étude de cas unique, effectuée dans un GMF de deuxième vague. Les données ont été recueillies par des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès du médecin responsable du GMF, des médecins et des infirmières du GMF, et du cadre responsable des infirmières au CSSS. Les entrevues se sont déroulées jusqu’à saturation empirique. Des documents concernant les outils cliniques et les outils de communication ont aussi été consultés. RÉSULTATS : À travers un processus itératif touchant les éléments interactionnels et organisationnels, par l’évolution vers une culture différente, des ajustements mutuels ont pu être réalisés et les pratiques cliniques se sont réellement modifiées au sein du GMF étudié. Les participants ont souligné une amélioration de leurs résultats cliniques. Ils constatent que les patients ont une meilleure accessibilité, mais l’effet sur la charge de travail et sur la capacité de suivre plus de patients est évaluée de façon variable. CONCLUSION : Le modèle conceptuel proposé permet d’observer empiriquement les dimensions qui font ressortir la valeur ajoutée du développement de la collaboration interprofessionnelle au sein des GMF, ainsi que son impact sur les pratiques professionnelles.