Estudio del síndrome metabólico y de la obesidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a set of clinical and biochemical changes. It is very common among chronic hemodialysis patients, being the leading cause of death in these patients, 44% of all patients undergoing this therapy. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MS and risk factors associated with its development, as well as the prevalence of obesity in HD patients. METHODS: This study has followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were treated with hemodialysis periodically in our unit for ten years. All patients were performed quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (A1b) and other biochemical analysis; besides, they underwent some anthropometric measurements like weight, height and body mass index (BMI). This was calculated using weight / size2 formula and grouped in BMI values according to WHO criteria. The data concerning hypertension and glucose were also considered. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 25% and obesity was presented as follows: 45% with type I overweight; 30.8% with type II overweight and 12 patients (2%) were obese. Being statistically significant as risk factors, BMI, overweight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol as well as hypertension and elevated glucose levels were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome compromises the patient survival causing a high prevalence in these patients. The principal risk factors in MS are monitoring weight, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes.

¿Son aplicables los criterios analíticos generales para definir el hipotiroidismo en personas con síndrome de down?

Title: Are suitable general clinic criteria for defining hypothyroidism in people with Down syndrome? Studies on the prevalence of thyroid disorders in people with Down syndrome (DS) show a wide dispersion of results. However, most of these studies agree in indicating a greater frequency than in the general population. The cause of these differences may depend on the method of sample selection. In this work we studied a healthy population of adolescents with DS of the Association of Málaga, selected randomly and regardless of the medical care. Mean TSH distribution, used here as a tool to define the biochemical thyroid function of the studied DS population, was two standard deviation higher than the mean for the general population. These data show that in terms of TSH the DS population is a distinct population with respect to the general population. This clearly indicates that it would be necessary to identify and define new criteria to establish what is normal, subclinical hypothyroidism, borderline or pathological, and to propose new treatment guide.

Assessment of occlusive arterial disease of abdominal aorta and lower extremities arteries : value of multidetector CT angiography using and adaptative acquisition method

Rapport de synthèse : Objectif : Le but de ce travail est d`étudier l'angiographie par scanner multi-barrette (AS) dans l'évaluation de l'artériopathie oblitérante (AOMI) de l'aorte abdominale et des membres inférieurs utilisant une méthode adaptative d'acquisition pour optimiser le rehaussement artériel en particulier pour le lit artériel distal et les artères des pieds. Matériels et méthodes : Trente-quatre patients pressentant une AOMI ont bénéficié d'une angiographie trans-cathéter (ATC) et d'une AS dans un délai inférieur ou égal à 15 jours. L'AS a été effectuée du tronc coeliaque jusqu'aux artères des pieds en une seule acquisition utilisant une haute résolution spatiale (16x0.625 mm). La vitesse de table et le temps de rotation pour chaque examen ont été choisis selon le temps de transit du produit de contraste, obtenu après un bolus test. Une quantité totale de 130 ml de contraste à 4 ml/s a été utilisée. L'analyse des images de l'AS a été effectuée par deux observateurs et les données ATC ont été interprétées de manière indépendante par deux autres observateurs. L'analyse a inclus la qualité de l'image et la détection de sténose supérieure ou égale à 50 % par patient et par segment artériel. La sensibilité et la spécificité de l'AS ont été calculées en considérant l'ATC comme examen de référence. La variabilité Interobservateur a été mesurée au moyen d'une statistique de kappa. Résultas : L'ATC a été non-conclusive dans 0.7 % des segments, tandis que l'AS était conclusive dans tous les segments. Sur l'analyse par patient, la sensibilité et la spécificité totales pour détecter une sténose significative égale ou supérieure à 50 % étaient de 100 %. L'analyse par segment a montré des sensibilités et de spécificités variant respectivement de 91 à 100 % et de 81 à 100 %. L'analyse des artères distales des pieds a révélé une sensibilité de 100 % et une spécificité de 90 %. Conclusion : L'angiographie par CT multi-barrettes utilisant cette méthode adaptative d'acquisition améliore la qualité de l'image et fournit une technique non-invasive et fiable pour évaluer L'AOMI, y compris les artères distales des pieds.

Estudio longitudinal del síndrome metabólico tras el trasplante renal.

BACKGROUND: The occurence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) between the renal receptors is one of the major complications after transplantation and is associated with an increased risk of graft failure and high rates of obesity and diabetes new appearance. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of the MS and to evaluate the association between the same with the allograft dysfunction. METHODS: The samples consisted of 138 renal transplant patients, 83 men and 55 women, kidney transplant, which was attended by over five years for the transplant consultation. Were analyzed as potential risk factors for MS: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, hypertension, diabetes, LDL, HDL, triglycerides in serum and immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil), was also assessed the prevalence of acute rejection episodes and renal function. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 39.85 %. As statistically significant risk factors were obtained the BMI, overweight, HDL cholesterol levels, triglycerides and LDL as well as hypertension and diabetes. There were high rates of acute rejection and differences in story to the glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of the MS that severely compromised renal function and graft survival in renal transplant patients, it is very important the control and strict monitoring of all risk factors identified.

Hacia una reformulación sistémica del “Síndrome de Alienación Parental”. Estudio de un caso.

El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una lectura de una situación de alienación parental en un divorcio conflictivo desde un enfoque sistémico-relacional, respondiendo a la falta de modelos de intervención para dicha casuística y considerando poco holístico el planteamiento defendido bajo la categoría Síndrome de Alienación Parental (SAP), descrita por Gardner el año 1985. Se analizan con metodología cualitativa cinco sesiones de psicoterapia de una familia de tres miembros derivada judicialmente por el rechazo de la hija a mantener contacto con la madre. Atendiendo a sus respectivas narrativas en relación a la pareja, los resultados muestran una mitología compartida en el pasado y una ruptura de la misma, en el caso de la madre. Se observa una precaria gestión del cambio, así como un conflicto comunicacional que impide desarrollar nuevas estrategias narrativas tras la separación. Los resultados permiten apoyar la apertura de líneas de investigación que contribuyan a una reformulación del SAP desde una perspectiva más profunda que aprehenda la complejidad de lo llamamos las Prácticas Alienadoras Familiares (PAF).

Fish oil after abdominal aorta aneurysm surgery

OBJECTIVE: Fish oil (FO) may attenuate the inflammatory response after major surgery such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery. We aimed at evaluating the clinical impact and safety aspects of a FO containing parenteral nutrition (PN) after AAA surgery. METHODS: Intervention consisted in 4 days of either standard (STD: Lipofundin medium-chain triglyceride (MCT): long-chain triglyceride (LCT)50%-MCT50%) or FO containing PN (FO: Lipoplus: LCT40%-MCT50%-FO10%). Energy target were set at 1.3 times the preoperative resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Blood sampling on days 0, 2, 3 and 4. Glucose turnover by the (2)H(2)-glucose method. Muscle microdialysis. Clinical data: maximal daily T degrees, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. RESULTS: Both solutions were clinically well tolerated, without any differences in laboratory safety parameters, inflammatory, metabolic data, or in organ failures. Plasma tocopherol increased similarly; with FO, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid increased significantly by day 4 versus baseline or STD. To increased postoperatively, with a trend to lower values in FO group (P=0.09). After FO, a trend toward shorter ICU stay (1.6+/-0.4 versus 2.3+/-0.4), and hospital stay (9.9+/-2.4 versus 11.3+/-2.7 days: P=0.19) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both lipid emulsions were well tolerated. FO-PN enhanced the plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and was associated with trends to lower body temperature and shorter length of stay.

Parámetros metabólicos y capacidad de respuesta al ejercicio en una población con síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS)

Se analiza el comportamiento metabólico y la capacidad de respuesta al esfuerzo de pacientes con SAHS según el grado de severidad. Para ello se introdujeron de forma consecutiva 32 pacientes con diagnóstico de SAHS. La población fue dividida según el IAH. Se estudiaron variables antropométricas, bioquímicas. La capacidad de respuesta al esfuerzo se realizó mediante ergoespirometría. Concluyendo que los pacientes con SAHS presentan alteraciones en la prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar, reflejado en un menor consumo de oxígeno que se asocia de forma independiente con la edad, el tabaquismo y el IMC. No se han encontrado diferencias en variables metabólicas.

Adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica en el manejo intrahospitalario y al alta de los pacientes ingresados por síndrome coronario agudo. Influencia en la evolución.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es evaluar el manejo intrahospitalario y al alta del SCA, para evaluar el grado de adherencia a las guías clínicas y ver su efecto en la evolución. Para ello realizamos registro continuo de pacientes consecutivos incluyendo los hospitalizados con diagnóstico de SCA y dolor torácico a estudio (DTE). Se ha realizado una primera evaluación durante el ingreso hospitalario y posteriormente al mes, 3 y 6 meses. Con respecto a los resultados y conclusiones destacar en primer lugar que la mayoría de los pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de dolor torácico a estudio muestran una baja probabilidad de cardiopatía isquémica. En el SCACEST la adherencia en cuanto a las recomendaciones de coronariografía y reperfusión son seguidas de acuerdo a otros registros publicados en la literatura. Se aprecia un manejo poco invasivo del SCASEST con porcentajes muy reducidos de cateterismo precoz en las primeras 24 horas en pacientes de riesgo moderado-alto. El tiempo de isquemia es uno de los aspectos claramente a mejorar en nuestro medio, en los dos tipos de SCA. En lo referido al manejo farmacológico, la adherencia a las recomendaciones es muy alta, incluso superior a las objetivadas en estudios publicados. En los pacientes con eventos cardiacos en el seguimiento se aprecia un manejo más conservador sin optar por una estrategia diagnóstico-terapéutica precoz, y un empleo menor de los fármacos de primera línea para la prevención secundaria de eventos coronarios.

A representação social da mãe acerca da criança com síndrome de down

Desenvolvido à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais, o estudo buscou compreender a representação social da mãe acerca da criança com Síndrome de Down. Participaram nove mães, cujos filhos tinham idade escolar e frequentavam um serviço especializado no município de São Paulo. Os dados, obtidos por entrevista semi-estruturada e individual, foram analisados por meio do método de análise de conteúdo, especificamente a análise temática. Os resultados apontaram para urna representação da criança na qual predominaram elementos negativos, levando a mãe a experimentar sentimentos ambivalentes em relação ao filho e comportar-se de modo superprotetor.

Consequências da síndrome da tensão pré-menstrual na vida da mulher

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as possíveis conseqüências da Síndrome da Tensão Pré-Menstrual na vida da mulher. Através do questionário, identificamos distúrbios relacionados a alterações físicas, emocionais e, como consequências às alterações nos relacionamentos envolvendo filho, marido/ namorado e familiar, assim como no ambiente de trabalho.

Síndrome de Fournier: a percepçao do seu portador

O propósito da presente investigação foi identificar a percepção dos pacientes que tiveram Síndrome de Fournier (SF) sobre esta afecção, bem como sobre seus cuidadores. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista com roteiro estruturado e a análise baseada na Análise de Prosa de André. Segundo os entrevistados, a SF causa dor intensa, edema, febre e ferida, necessitando tratamento cirúrgico, curativos e que traz problemas físicos, econômicos e familiares. Sobre seus cuidadores descreveram demonstração de atitudes e comportamentos mais negativos que positivos. A necessidade de melhor treinamento de seus cuidadores tanto nos aspectos cognitivos e psicomotor quanto afetivo, ficou evidente.

Capilaroscopia en el Síndrome de Sjögren Primario

La Síndrome de Sjögren primària (SSp) és una malaltia inflamatòria crònica autoimmune que afecta a les glàndules exocrines. Cursa amb símptomes de sequedat generalitzada i un terç dels pacients presenten afecció extraglandular, incloent Fenomen de Raynaud. Per investigar l'existència d'un patró capilaroscòpic típic o suggestiu de SSp es va practicar videocapilaroscòpia a 107 pacients, analitzant posteriorment les possibles relacions entre les alteracions trobades i el perfil immunològic i /o l'afecció sistèmica. No es va trobar un patró capilaroscòpic característic del SSp, però vàrem trobar mes alteracions capilaroscòpicas en els pacients amb afecció extraglandular, suggerint una utilitat pronòstica de la capilaroscòpia

Análisis de las causas de muerte en pacientes con síndrome mielodiplásico: experiencia de un centro

Los síndrome mielodisplásicos (SMD) son un conjunto de neoplasias hematológicas muy heterogéneas en cuanto a evolución clínica y pronóstico, que van desde enfermedades indolentes hasta enfermedades agresivas, con una rápida progresión a LMA y una supervivencia inferior a un año. Las causas de muerte (CDM) de los SMD no están bien estudiadas, particularmente la CDM no leucémica. La importancia de conocer las CDM, radica en la implicación terapeútica. En este estudio se demuestra que la mayoría de los SMD, independientemente del grupo de riesgo, fallecen de causas relacionadas con el SMD, lo que justificaría una intevención terapeútica precoz.

Fructose-rich diet-induced abdominal adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction in normal male rats.

We have currently studied the changes induced by administration of a fructose-rich diet (FRD) to normal rats in the mass and the endocrine function of abdominal (omental) adipose tissue (AAT). Rats were fed ad libitum a standard commercial chow and tap water, either alone (control diet, CD) or containing fructose (10%, w/vol) (FRD). Three weeks after treatment, circulating metabolic markers and leptin release from adipocytes of AAT were measured. Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were significantly higher in FRD than in CD rats. AAT mass was greater in FRD than in CD rats and their adipocytes were larger, they secreted more leptin and showed impaired insulin sensitivity. While leptin mRNA expression increased in AAT from FRD rats, gene expression of insulin receptor substrate, IRS1 and IRS2 was significantly reduced. Our study demonstrates that administration of a FRD significantly affects insulin sensitivity and several AAT endocrine/metabolic functions. These alterations could be part of a network of interacting abnormalities triggered by FRD-induced oxidative stress at the AAT level. In view of the impaired glucose tolerance observed in FRD rats, these alterations could play a key role in both the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and beta-cell failure.

Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with surgery, chemotherapy, and consolidation of response by whole-abdominal radiotherapy.

Between April 1981 and June 1985, 195 patients with ovarian cancer, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stages IIB, IIC, III, and IV, entered a trial that consisted of surgery and chemotherapy with cisplatin (P) and melphalan (PAM) with or without hexamethylmelamine (HexaPAMP or PAMP regimens) every 4 weeks for 6 cycles. Because the intent was to study the outcome by treatment after evaluation of first-line chemotherapy, patients were evaluable only if the response was assessed by a second-look operation or if measurable disease progression was documented. One hundred fifty-eight patients (81%) were evaluable for response. Forty-five (28%) achieved pathologically confirmed complete remissions (pCR), and 24 of these patients received whole-abdominal radiation (WAR) for consolidation of response. Five patients with complete remission after WAR relapsed, as did nine of the 21 with complete remission who had not undergone WAR. The 3-year time to progression percentage (TTP +/- SE) from second-look operation was 70% +/- 7% for all patients who achieved pCR, 83% +/- 8% for those who received WAR, and 49% +/- 15% for those who did not receive WAR (this was not a randomized comparison). The 3-year TTP percentage for the 49 partial responders was 21% +/- 6%, identical for the 19 who had WAR and the 30 who had no radiation therapy. Additional or alternative methods for consolidation of pCR are needed since patients continue to relapse despite optimal initial response to therapy.