Aspectos tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrintestinal de origem gástrica: estudo de 14 casos

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados tomográficos do tumor estromal gastrintestinal de origem gástrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: No período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2006, foram selecionados 14 pacientes com diagnóstico histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico de tumor estromal gastrintestinal gástrico que apresentavam tomografia computadorizada realizada anteriormente ao tratamento. As variáveis tomográficas analisadas foram: topografia da lesão, dimensões, homogeneidade, contornos, limites, morfologia, padrão e intensidade do realce pelo meio de contraste venoso, padrão de crescimento, invasão de órgãos adjacentes, presença de ulceração, fístula, calcificações, infiltração da gordura mesentérica, linfonodomegalias e metástases a distância. RESULTADOS: Os tumores foram localizados no corpo (57,1%) ou fundo gástrico (42,9%), com dimensões variando entre 6,0 e 23,0 cm (média de 11,5 cm). O crescimento foi predominantemente extraluminal (57,1%) ou intra/extraluminal (35,7%). O realce pelo contraste venoso foi discreto em 50% dos casos, moderado em 50% e heterogêneo em 64,3%. Foram ainda observadas hipodensidade central em 64,3% dos casos, invasão de órgãos adjacentes em 42,9% e metástases hepáticas em 7,2%. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, a maioria dos tumores localizava-se no corpo gástrico, com tamanho médio de 11,5 cm, apresentando área hipodensa central, realce heterogêneo pelo meio de contraste e crescimento predominantemente extraluminal.

Aspectos tomográficos da consolidação lobar na tuberculose pulmonar primária

OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos tomográficos da tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada inicialmente como consolidação lobar. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O trabalho foi realizado no Hospital Municipal Jesus, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, no período de 2002 a 2006, avaliando-se retrospectivamente os aspectos tomográficos de quatro crianças de 3 a 14 meses de idade com tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada inicialmente como consolidação lobar. RESULTADOS: O padrão radiológico mais frequente foi a consolidação lobar com calcificações, escavações e áreas de necrose de permeio, associada a abaulamento da cissura. Sinais de disseminação broncogênica e linfadenomegalia foram observados em todas elas. Consolidação de aspecto pseudotumoral, com efeito de massa, foi observada em um caso. CONCLUSÃO: Nos casos estudados observou-se que a tuberculose pulmonar primária manifestada como consolidação lobar apresenta imagens características à tomografia computadorizada, como escavações, áreas hipodensas e calcificações de permeio à consolidação. A associação com linfonodomegalias com centro necrótico e sinais de disseminação broncogênica reforçam o diagnóstico de tuberculose.

Incidência e aspectos de imagem do linfoma pós-transplante hepático em crianças

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência e os aspectos de imagem do linfoma pós-transplante hepático em crianças. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários e exames de imagem de crianças submetidas a transplante hepático entre 2000 e 2008 em uma única instituição. RESULTADOS: De 241 crianças submetidas a transplante hepático, com seguimento médio de 41,4 ± 26,4 meses, 16 (6,6%) tiveram linfoma. A média de idade no transplante hepático das crianças que desenvolveram linfoma foi inferior à das crianças que não desenvolveram (23,9 ± 18,9 vs. 38,0 ± 48,9 meses; p = 0,02). O tempo entre o transplante e o desenvolvimento do linfoma variou de 6 a 103 meses. A apresentação clínica e radiológica foi variável e a localização mais comum do tumor foi no abdome (n = 13; 81,3%), seguida de tórax e cabeça e pescoço (n = 4; 25,0% cada). Os achados de imagem incluíram: linfonodomegalias, massas mediastinais, pulmonares e mesentéricas, espessamento parietal de alças intestinais e nódulos hepáticos e renais. Quatro crianças (25,0%) faleceram devido a complicações do linfoma. CONCLUSÃO: Linfomas são complicações relativamente incomuns e potencialmente fatais que podem acontecer a qualquer momento após o transplante hepático em crianças, e que têm diversas apresentações clínicas e de imagem.

Aspectos ambientales implicados en la construcción de la identidad en una muestra de adolescentes de la Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas

The general aim of this paper is to explore and illustrate the role of the physical and psychological surrounding in narrative making ofthe personal identity. A qualitative study is put forward. It consists of a reduced version of the autobiographical multi-methodology(Bagnoli, 2004). That has been applied to a sample of six students of the Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas. The specific goals are: a) to illustrate, through citations obtained from interviews and graphical material, the theoretical concepts of attachment to theplace (Pol, 2002; Vidal y colaboradores, 2004) and community sense (Kim y Kaplan, 2004); and b) to detect the most relevantfactors of such concepts manifested in the students. Data was analyzed through the Atlas.ti computer program, version 5.0 (Muñoz, 2005). The findings suggest that sense of connection and participation in the community (action - transformation) has been observed as the most significant factors in our studied sample

Aspectos práticos relacionados ao uso do Rincoforol, o feromônio de agregação da Broca-do-olho-do-coqueiro Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleopterate: Curculionidae) no controle de pragas do coqueiro: análise de sua eficiência em campo

Rhynchophorol (6-Methyl-2-hepten-4-ol) is the major constituent of the aggregation pheromone of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is released by males of this species. The racemic mixture has been produced in one step-simplified preparation. The pheromone is placed into ampoules and furnished to coconut farmers. In the field, traps baited with Rhynchophorol and pieces of sugarcane attract both males and females, reducing the population of R. palmarum. The best conditions for field application are showed.

Aspectos relacionados à utilização da equação logística quadrática em processos eletroquímicos

The concepts of dissipation and feedback are contained in the behavior of many natural dynamical systems. They have been used to predict the evolution of populations leading to the formulation of the quadratic logistic equation (QLE). More recently, the QLE has been used to provide a better understanding of physicochemical systems with promising results. Many physical, chemical and biological dynamic phenomena can be understood on the basis of the QLE and this work describes the main aspects of this equation and some recent applications, with emphasis on electrochemical systems. Also, it is illustrated the concept of potential energy as a convenient way of describing the stability of the fixed points of the QLE.

Preparação de compostos de alumínio a partir da bauxita: considerações sobre alguns aspectos envolvidos em um experimento didático

Aluminum metal and aluminum compounds have many applications in several branches of the industry and in our daily lives. The most important raw material for aluminum and its manufactured compounds is bauxite, a rock constituted mainly by aluminum hydroxides minerals. In this work, a didactic experiment aiming the preparation of alumina and potassium alum starting from bauxite is proposed for undergraduate students. Both compounds are of great commercial, scientific and historical interest. The experiment involves applications of important chemical principles such as acid-base and precipitation. Some chemical properties and uses of aluminum compounds are also illustrated.

Terapia fotodinâmica: aspectos farmacológicos, aplicações e avanços recentes no desenvolvimento de medicamentos

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a clinical procedure, which utilize a photosensitive compound and light. This is a new modality of treatment for cancer, aged related macular degenerescence (AMD), psoriasis, arthritis, arterial restenosis, etc which exhibits efficiency, less traumatic effects, low recovery time and few co-lateral effects. The first officially approved drug for PDT by the Food and Drug Administration (EUA) is Photofrinâ, which is applied for cancer. A new generation drug for PDT, Visudyneâ was recently approved to treat AMD; its photoactive compound is BPDMA, a benzoporphyrin mono-acid derivative (chlorin-type molecule). A concise history, technical information and some drugs for PDT are reported.

Survival of European patients diagnosed with lymphoid neoplasms in 2000-2002: results of the HAEMACARE project

The European Cancer Registry-based project on hematologic malignancies (HAEMACARE), setup to improve the availability and standardization of data on hematologic malignancies in Europe, used the European Cancer Registry-based project on survival and care of cancer patients (EUROCARE-4) database to produce a new grouping of hematologic neoplasma(defined by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition and the 2001/2008 World Health Organization classifications) for epidemiological and public healthpurposes. We analyzed survival for lymphoid neoplasms in Europe by disease group, comparing survival between different European regions by age and sex. Design and Methods Incident neoplasms recorded between 1995 to 2002 in 48 population-based cancer registries in 20 countries participating in EUROCARE-4 were analyzed. The period approach was used to estimate 5-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed in 2000-2002, who did not have 5years of follow up. Results: The 5-year relative survival rate was 57% overall but varied markedly between the definedgroups. Variation in survival within the groups was relatively limited across European regions and less than in previous years. Survival differences between men and women were small. The relative survival for patients with all lymphoid neoplasms decreased substantially after the age of 50. The proportion of ‘not otherwise specified’ diagnoses increased with advancing age.Conclusions: This is the first study to analyze survival of patients with lymphoid neoplasms, divided into groups characterized by similar epidemiological and clinical characteristics, providing a benchmarkfor more detailed analyses. This Europe-wide study suggests that previously noted differences in survival between regions have tended to decrease. The survival of patients with all neoplasms decreased markedly with age, while the proportion of ‘not otherwise specified’ diagnoses increased with advancing age. Thus the quality of diagnostic work-up and care decreased with age, suggesting that older patients may not be receiving optimal treatment

Avaliação da filtração e ozonização de efluente sanitário primário: aspectos de inativação microbiana e variáveis de ozonização

Ozonation tests with and without prior filtration by means of a 50 micron mesh cartridge filter were conducted with primary sanitary effluents. Filtration led to increased inactivation efficiencies with regard to total and thermotolerant coliforms but it did not seem to influence heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria inactivation efficiencies significantly. Application of the Chick-Watson model to experimental data obtained in the situation of constant inactivation showed that the ozone dosage was more important to bacterial inactivation than the contact time with regard to the cases of thermotolerant coliform inactivation in filtered samples and HPC bacteria and total coliform inactivation in non-filtered samples.

Malária: aspectos históricos e quimioterapia

Malaria is still a very serious worldwide public health problem affecting between 300 and 500 million people and causing from 1.0 to 2.5 million deaths annually. The major problems with this disease are the lack of efficient vaccines and the rapid emergence of chemotherapy resistant P. falciparum strains. In this work we present a synopsis and discussion on malaria to provide the readers with some information on the historical aspects and relevance of this disease as well as the chemotherapy in use today.

Alginato bacteriano: aspectos tecnológicos, características e produção

Alginate is a biopolymer used for a variety of industrial applications, for example, in the textiles, cosmetics, foods, agricultural and biotechnological industries. This biopolymer is traditionally extracted from some brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) and can be produced by bacteria isolated from soil, as Azotobacter vinelandii, like capsular polysaccharide using glucose, sucrose, among others as carbon sources. The main difference between the alginate of seaweed and the bacterial ones, is the biggest degree of acetylation of this last one, with great influence in the gel force. These chemical characteristics and production of bacterial alginate are presented in this work.

Elementos-traço e sódio em suco de uva: aspectos nutricionais e toxicológicos

Eight trace elements were determined in 20 Brazilian brands of grape juice, distributed over the country. Highest measured concentrations (As: 0.016; Cd: 0.010; Cr: 0.060; Cu: 1.28; Ni: 0.032; Pb: 0.016; Sb: 0.0040 and Zn: 1.44 mg L-1) comply with Brazilian maximal tolerance levels for inorganic contaminants (As: 0.5; Cd: 0.5; Cr: 0.1; Cu: 30; Ni: 3; Pb: 0.4; Sb: 1 and Zn: 25 mg L-1). Determination of arsenic species has shown inorganic As(V) as predominant in most samples. Sodium concentrations, nowadays a major public health concern, were also measured, showing an average of 149 mg L-1. Analytical results for this element were much higher than label concentrations, showing the need for better quality control.

Óleos essenciais no Brasil: aspectos gerais, desenvolvimento e perspectivas

Essential oils are extracted by steam distillation of plants or cold pressing of citrus fruit pericarp. They are used in food, cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. In Brazil, oils from orange and related products contribute to near 97% to the positive commercial performance of the sector. Predatory exploitation and the availability of new sources of raw materials, with more attracting prices, changed the paradigm. Prospective studies, sustainable use of Brazilian biodiversity, domestication of exotic species with commercial relevance, the use of breeding techniques and the development of new applications for essential oils are thematic lines, usually multidisciplinary, which have been prompting the expansion of the research on essential oils. This paper presents an analysis on essential oils balance trade from 2005 to 2008 and some historical data on research and production of essential oils in Brazil.

Aspectos taxonômicos de Uredinales infetando leguminosas utilizadas na arborização urbana do Distrito Federal

Seis espécies de fungos causadores de ferrugem, Diorchidium copaiferae, Ravenelia hieronymi, Sphaerophragmium acaciae, Esalque holway, Uredo sp. e Uromyces neurocarpi foram estudadas e descritas com o acréscimo de detalhes adicionais e correções em suas descrições originais. Várias características morfológicas foram revisadas sendo a maioria delas ilustrada pela primeira vez em microscópio ótico e eletrônico de varredura. As exsicatas foram depositadas na Coleção Micológica de Referência da Universidade de Brasília