Condições de trabalho e saúde do enfermeiro residente no hospital geral: riscos psicossociais

Objetivou-se nesse estudo identificar os fatores de risco psicossocial que o enfermeiro residente encontra-se exposto em unidades especializadas; descrever as repercussões dos fatores de risco psicossocial para a saúde do enfermeiro residente em unidades especializadas e analisar as formas de enfrentamento adotadas pelo enfermeiro residente diante dos riscos psicossociais em unidades especializadas. Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória descritiva, cujo campo foi um hospital universitário situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir dos critérios de seleção adotados participaram do estudo 20 enfermeiros residentes do 1 e 2 anos, lotados em unidades especializadas (CTI adulto, UTI neonatal, CTI cardíaco, UI clínica, Unidade Coronariana e Unidade de Doenças Infecto Parasitárias). O estudo obedeceu aos aspectos éticos em conformidade com a Resolução 466/12 sendo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (067/2012). Utilizou-se a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada mediante um instrumento contendo em sua primeira parte as características dos sujeitos e na segunda um roteiro com questões abertas que possibilitaram ao residente falar sobre os riscos no ambiente laboral, o modo como era afetado e os mecanismos de enfrentamento adotados. Ao término das entrevistas, realizadas no segundo semestre de 2012 e registradas em meio digital, aplicou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, sendo os resultados discutidos a luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Os resultados evidenciaram que o enfermeiro residente de unidades especializadas encontra-se exposto a inúmeros fatores de risco psicossocial e entre eles: a sobrecarga física e psíquica do trabalho, a ambiguidade de papéis, o relacionamento interpessoal conflituoso, a pouca autonomia, o baixo controle em relação ao processo de trabalho e a precariedade das condições de trabalho. Tais fatores, além de afetarem o processo de formação do residente, acarretam prejuízos a sua saúde física e mental; identificados a partir de queixas como: cansaço, estresse, desgaste, padrão de sono ruim, problemas gastrintestinais, dermatológicos e osteomusculares. Diante do sofrimento no trabalho, o enfermeiro residente elabora estratégias de manejo centradas na emoção (autocontrole, aceitação das responsabilidades, fuga, confronto e resignação) e no problema (negociação, tentativa de solução, suporte social, reavaliação positiva). Concluiu-se que o enfermeiro residente encontra-se exposto a inúmeros fatores de risco psicossocial em unidades especializadas que afetam a sua saúde física e mental. No intuito de concluir a residência e preservar a saúde, o residente elabora estratégias de manejo, que apesar de essenciais não eliminam o sofrimento no trabalho e os problemas vivenciados no dia a dia. Cabe ao órgão formador identificar, monitorar e combater os riscos referidos pelo residente no intuito de promover a capacitação, a satisfação e o bem estar no trabalho, ao se considerar a responsabilidade social pela formação, saúde e inserção do futuro profissional no mercado de trabalho.

A través de la selva [Digitalizado de A través de la Selva, Talleres Gráficos de la Penitenciaría, Buenos Aires, 1937]

Prosiguiendo con la tarea de rescate de documentos realizada por ProBiota, tenemos el privilegio de editar en este número la obra A través de la Selva de Esteban Laureano Maradona. Hablar de esta figura, llamado por los indígenas Piognak que significa ‘Dr. Dios’ en pilagá, es mencionar a un ser humano generoso y solidario entregado totalmente al bien común. Un hombre que, además de su ejercicio profesional, se dedicó a la investigación cientifíca de la vida y cultura de los pueblos originarios, así como de la flora y fauna de la región ,colaborando con las comunidades locales en aspectos económicos, culturales, y sociales. No es nuestra intención realizar una sintesís de su vida ya que lo han realizado otros autores, pero si mencionar que, si bien recibió honores y reconocimientos en su larga vida, su figura no es conocida cabalmente en diversos niveles de la sociedad. Esto es una tarea que se debe llevar adelante desde diferentes frentes y una de las primeras sería,como menciona Wikipedia, la edición de algunos de sus 20 libros que se encuentran sin ser publicados, y esperan que el Congreso de la Nación Argentina cumpla con la resolución de 1994 de editarlos y donarlos a bibliotecas públicas del país, como fue el legado de su autor. Esperemos que los que tienen esta responsabilidad movilicen sus esfuerzos personales e institucionales para cumplir con el deseo de una persona que dio todo lo que podía dar sin esperar nada a cambio.

Educação permanente em saúde: entre o passado e o futuro.

Este trabalho parte do reconhecimento de que a educação permanente em saúde tem sido investida como noção a embasar diferentes referenciais teórico-conceituais para a produção de políticas voltadas à educação de profissionais de saúde, particularmente no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nesse sentido, o trabalho buscou apreender os diferentes usos dessa noção e seus sentidos para a produção de políticas. Assim, buscou delimitar o surgimento dessa noção no campo da educação e sua posterior apropriação no campo da saúde, inicialmente a partir da produção institucional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e em seguida ressignificada no Brasil no âmbito da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (Pneps). A análise dos textos e documentos institucionais da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (Opas) responsáveis por desenvolver esses referenciais redundou na construção de duas matrizes conceituais, tendo sido a primeira desenvolvida entre 1974 e 1984-5; e a segunda, entre 1984-5 e 2002. Atualmente essas matrizes conceituais costumam ser denominadas respectivamente por educação continuada em saúde e educação permanente em saúde, ainda que esta última noção seja utilizada por ambas, fato discutido pelo autor ao longo do trabalho. A terceira matriz conceitual foi construída a partir da análise dos textos e documentos publicados no bojo da criação da Pneps. A partir da construção dessas três matrizes conceituais foi realizado um breve histórico das ações voltadas à educação de profissionais de saúde promovidas pela Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES), especificamente o Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde (Deges), órgão criado em 2003 para se dedicar ao tema da formação de profissionais para o SUS. Nesse particular, foi proposta uma periodização das ações do Deges, relacionando cada período às diferentes matrizes conceituais construídas. A noção de educação permanente em saúde é então interrogada a partir da discussão sobre educação de adultos proposta por Arendt e de sua contextualização no referencial do capitalismo pós-industrial e das sociedades de controle, conforme delimitado por Deleuze. O conjunto dessas reflexões embasa a discussão sobre novos usos possíveis para a educação permanente em saúde e novas configurações para a política de saúde que adota essa noção, discutindo possíveis inovações para esse campo a partir da articulação com a discussão sobre inteligência coletiva. Por fim, propõe-se repensar a política de educação permanente em saúde, endereçando-a no sentido de promover o protagonismo das práticas de saúde como espaços de aprendizagem, buscando novas possibilidades no diálogo com a experiência dos pontos de cultura do Ministério da Cultura.

Statistics anxiety, trait anxiety, learning behavior, and academic performance

The present study investigated the relationship between statistics anxiety, individual characteristics (e.g., trait anxiety and learning strategies), and academic performance. Students enrolled in a statistics course in psychology (N=147) filled in a questionnaire on statistics anxiety, trait anxiety, interest in statistics, mathematical selfconcept, learning strategies, and procrastination. Additionally, their performance in the examination was recorded. The structural equation model showed that statistics anxiety held a crucial role as the strongest direct predictor of performance. Students with higher statistics anxiety achieved less in the examination and showed higher procrastination scores. Statistics anxiety was related indirectly to spending less effort and time on learning. Trait anxiety was related positively to statistics anxiety and, counterintuitively, to academic performance. This result can be explained by the heterogeneity of the measure of trait anxiety. The part of trait anxiety that is unrelated to the specific part of statistics anxiety correlated positively with performance.

Growth of Motor Coordination in Early Robot Learning

M. H. Lee and Q. Meng, Growth of Motor Coordination in Early Robot Learning, IJCAI-05, 2005.

Recent national trends in Salvia divinorum use and substance-use disorders among recent and former Salvia divinorum users compared with nonusers.

CONTEXT: Media and scientific reports have indicated an increase in recreational use of Salvia divinorum. Epidemiological data are lacking on the trends, prevalence, and correlates of S. divinorum use in large representative samples, as well as the extent of substance use and mental health problems among S. divinorum users. OBJECTIVE: To examine the national trend in prevalence of S. divinorum use and to identify sociodemographic, behavioral, mental health, and substance-use profiles of recent (past-year) and former users of S. divinorum. DESIGN: Analyses of public-use data files from the 2006-2008 United States National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (N = 166,453). SETTING: Noninstitutionalized individuals aged 12 years or older were interviewed in their places of residence. MAIN MEASURES: Substance use, S. divinorum, self-reported substance use disorders, criminality, depression, and mental health treatment were assessed by standardized survey questions administered by the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing method. RESULTS: Among survey respondents, lifetime prevalence of S. divinorum use had increased from 0.7% in 2006 to 1.3% in 2008 (an 83% increase). S. divinorum use was associated with ages 18-25 years, male gender, white or multiple race, residence of large metropolitan areas, arrests for criminal activities, and depression. S. divinorum use was particularly common among recent drug users, including users of lysergic acid diethylamide (53.7%), ecstasy (30.1%), heroin (24.2%), phencyclidine (22.4%), and cocaine (17.5%). Adjusted multinomial logistic analyses indicated polydrug use as the strongest determinant for recent and former S. divinorum use. An estimated 43.0% of past-year S. divinorum users and 28.9% of former S. divinorum users had an illicit or nonmedical drug-use disorder compared with 2.5% of nonusers. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that recent and former S. divinorum users had greater odds of having past-year depression and a substance-use disorder (alcohol or drugs) than past-year alcohol or drug users who did not use S. divinorum. CONCLUSION: S. divinorum use is prevalent among recent or active drug users who have used other hallucinogens or stimulants. The high prevalence of substance use disorders among recent S. divinorum users emphasizes the need to study health risks of drug interactions.

Short reflections on the history of African communication

This article aims to propose a chronological subdivision in the history of African communication. African communication today is one of the most important axes for implementing development strategies, sustaining education, health, and schooling programmes, and so on. However, many of these programmes fail due to a lack of or ineffective communication between international organisations, local elite and lay people. The reasons for this situation must be found in Africa’s history of communication, which has undergone radical transformations in its different phases. Using the functionalist analysis drawn up by Jakobson, this article proposes a new chronological subdivision of Africa’s history of communication, reflecting on the current contradictions in contemporary communication in Africa.

Pulmonary rehabilitation and follow-on services: a Northern Ireland survey

There should be a clear pathway through pulmonary rehabilitation and follow-on services. The aim of this survey was to determine the characteristics of the different components of the patient pathway, that is, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, ongoing exercise facilities, and support networks in Northern Ireland. Questionnaires were sent to current providers of pulmonary rehabilitation, providers of ongoing exercise, and support groups in Northern Ireland. Findings relating to the current status of pulmonary rehabilitation in Northern Ireland up to January 2007 are reported. There are currently 23 pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Northern Ireland. There appears to be a pathway through the short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program (6-8 weeks). Programs met standards for structure and format, except for the frequency of supervised exercise. Not all programs have links for the provision of ongoing exercise, but a range of exercise programs are available in leisure centers in Northern Ireland that include people with respiratory disease. There are 13 support groups for patients with respiratory disease in Northern Ireland and their function is diverse. Pulmonary rehabilitation is established in Northern Ireland, although not all patients are able to access these. Facilities for ongoing exercise and support groups are less developed. Improvements could be facilitated by better communication within the patient pathway and a strategic coordinated approach.

Comparing long-term placements for young children in care: The care pathways and outcomes study - Northern Ireland

When deciding on a long-term placement for a young child in care, a key challenge is to identify one that will enable children to achieve their full potential and enhance their health and wellbeing in the longer term. However, there is a dearth of research evidence that compares how children fare in the longer term across placement options.

The Care Pathways and Outcomes study is one of a small number of studies internationally that takes this form of longitudinal comparative approach. Since 2000, it has been tracking the placement profile for a population of children who were under the age of five and in care in Northern Ireland on a particular census day, and gathering comparative data on how the children and their parents/carers have been coping across the different types of placements provided.

This book reports on the most recent phase of the study, which involved interviews with a sub-group of the children (aged 9 to 14) and their parents/carers in adoption, foster care, kinship care, on residence order, and living with birth parents. Similarities and differences were explored between placement types, in terms of children’s attachment, self-concept, education, health and behaviour, their carers’ stress, social support, family communication, and contact with birth families.

This contemporary study contributes to evidence-based practice and provides a research base for decision-making throughout the UK.

Multidisciplinary Teamwork in Autism: Can One Size Fit All?

Multidisciplinary practice has become an accepted approach in many education and social and health care fields. In fact, the right to a multidisciplinary assessment is enshrined in the United Nations Convention of the Rights for Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2007). In order to avert a 'one size fits all' response to particularly heterogeneous diagnoses, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends multidisciplinary input. Yet, multidisciplinarity lacks empirical evidence of effectiveness, is fraught with conceptual difficulties and methodological incompatibilities, and therefore there is a danger of resorting to an ill-defined eclectic 'hodgepodge' of interventions. Virtually all evidence-based interventions in autism and intellectual disabilities are behaviourally based. Not surprisingly, therefore, professionals trained in behaviour analysis to international standards are increasingly becoming key personnel in multidisciplinary teams. In fact, professionals from a range of disciplines seek training in behaviour analysis. In this article we brought together a multidisciplinary group of professionals from education, health, and social care, most of whom have a dual qualification in an allied health, social care, or educational profession, as well as in behaviour anlaysis. Together we look at the initial training in these professions and explore how behaviour analysis can offer a common and coherent conceptual framework for true multidisciplinarity, based on sound scientific knowledge about behaviour, without resort to reifying theories. We illustrate how this unifying approach can enhance evidence-based multidisciplinary practice so that 'one size' will fit all. Copyright © Australian Psychological Society Ltd 2014.

Some Social-Relational Correlates of Student Engagement in Portugal

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).

Development of a Parent Version of the Manchester-Minneapolis Quality of Life Survey for use by Parents and Crers of UK Children: MMQL-UK (PF).

Background Although it is now widely endorsed that children should as far as possible rate their own health related quality of life (HRQL), there are situations where proxy information on child HRQL may be useful, especially where a child is too ill or young to provide their own HRQL assessment. There is limited availability of generic HRQL scales that have a parallel child and parent version and that are reliable, valid, brief, comprehensible and suitable for use in UK populations. The aims of this study were therefore to develop and validate a parent version of the anglicised Manchester-Minneapolis Quality of Life child form (MMQL-UK (CF)) and to determine the level of association between the child and parent versions of this form. Methods This study was undertaken concurrently with the anglicisation and validation of the MMQL, a measure of HRQL developed for use with children in North America. At that time, no parent version existed, so the MMQL form for children (MMQL-UK (CF)) was used as the basis for the development of the MMQL-UK parent form (PF). The sample included a control group of healthy children and their parents and five exemplar groups; children diagnosed with asthma, diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease and their parents, children in remission from cancer and their parents and children in public care and their carers. Consistency of the MMQL-UK (PF) components were assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Validation of the parent questionnaire was undertaken by comparing MMQL-UK (PF) component scores with comparable components on the proxy PedsQL™ quality of life scales, comparing MMQL-UK (PF) component scores between parents of healthy and chronic disease children and by comparison of component scores from children and their parents or carers. Reproducibility and responsiveness were assessed by retesting parents by follow-up questionnaires. Results A total of 874 children (completing MMQL-UK (CF)) and 572 parents or carers (completing MMQL-UK (PF)) took part in the study. The internal consistency of all the MMQL-UK (PF) components exceeding the accepted criterion of 0.70 and the construct validity was good with moderate correlations being evident between comparable components of the MMQL-UK (PF) and the proxy PedsQL™. Discriminant validity was demonstrated with significant differences being identified between parents of healthy children and those with chronic conditions. Intra-class correlations exceeded 0.65 for all MMQL-UK (PF) components demonstrating good reproducibility. Weak to moderate levels of responsiveness were demonstrated for all but social functioning. The MMQL-UK (PF) showed moderate parent-child correlation with the MMQL-UK (CF) for all components. The best correlations were seen for those components measuring the same construct (Pearson's r ranged from 0.31 to 0.61, p < 0.01 for equivalent components). Conclusion The MMQL-UK (PF) showed moderate to good correlations with the MMQL-UK (CF) component scores. The MMQL-UK (PF) will be of use when comparing child and parent/carer perception of the impact of a child's condition on their HRQL or where the child is too ill or young to provide their own report.

Students’ engagement in school, achievement goals and grade level: A literature review

Este E-Book reúne um conjunto de investigações apresentadas no “I Congresso Internacional Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Perspetivas da Psicologia e Educação” (ICIEAE), organizado no âmbito do “Projeto PTDC/CPE-CED/114362/2009 - Envolvimento dos Alunos na Escola: Diferenciação e Promoção” (EAE-DP), financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).