Explaining the success of karmic religions

One of the central claims of Norenzayan et al.’s article is that supernatural monitoring and intergroup competition have facilitated the rise of large-scale prosocial religions. Although the authors outline in detail how social instincts that govern supernatural monitoring are honed by cultural evolution and have given rise to Big Gods, they do not provide a clear explanation for the success of karmic religions. Therefore, to test the real scope of their model, Norenzayan et al. need to seriously engage with questions concerning the evolution of karmic prosocial religions.

Factors influencing the success of rural cataract surgery programs in China:The study of hospital administration and relative productivity (SHARP)

PURPOSE. To explore factors potentially influencing the success or failure of rural Chinese hospitals in increasing cataract surgical output and quality. METHODS. Focus groups (FGs, n = 10) were conducted with hospital administrators, doctors, and nurses at 28 county hospitals in Guangdong Province. Discussions explored respondents' views on increasing surgical volume and quality and improving patient satisfaction. Respondents numerically ranked possible strategies to increase surgical volume and quality and patient satisfaction. FG transcripts were independently coded by two reviewers utilizing the constant comparative method following the grounded theory approach, and numerical responses were scored and ranked. RESULTS. Ten FGs and 77 ranking questionnaires were completed by 33 administrators, 23 doctors, and 21 nurses. Kappa values for the two coders were greater than 0.7 for all three groups. All groups identified a critical need for enhanced management training for hospital directors. Doctors and nurses suggested reducing surgical fees to enhance uptake, although administrators were resistant to this. Although doctors saw the need to improve equipment, administrators felt current material conditions were adequate. Respondents agreed that patient satisfaction was generally high, and did not view increasing patient satisfaction as a priority. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings highlight agreements and disagreements among the three stakeholder groups about improving surgical output and quality, which can inform strategies to improve cataract programs in rural China. Respondents' beliefs about high patient satisfaction are not in accord with other studies in the area, highlighting a potential area for intervention. © 2013 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Reproductive success of parasitized males in a marine reef fish

Parasitism is hypothesized to reduce reproductive success in heavily parasitized males because females
may preferentially mate with less parasitized males (parasite-mediated sexual selection) or parasites may compromise
male competitiveness. In marine systems, this hypothesis is largely unexplored. This paper provides the first confirmed record of a copepod ectoparasite (Caligus buechlerae Hewitt 1964) on the common triplefin (Forsterygion lapillum) and evaluates the hypothesis that males parasitized with C. buechlerae experience lower reproductive success than unparasitized males (as determined
by the presence and area of eggs within male nests). We found that 38 % of males we surveyed were infected with
at least one C. buechlerae, with a median of two individuals per infected male. About 32 % of males were defending
eggs, with 62.5 % of those males infected with at least one parasite. Males of greater total length (TL) were both
more likely to be infected and more likely to be defending eggs. However, when statistically accounting for the effects
of TL, parasite infection had no effect on the probability of defending eggs, or the average surface area of eggs when
present. Positive covariation in fish length, the presence of eggs and parasite infection observed here potentially suggest
that the importance of parasitic infection on reproductive success may depend upon the strength of selection for larger male body size. Our study is one of the few studies to investigate the effects of ectoparasites on reproductive success in reef fish and also provides a quantitative measure of infection for a widespread species within New Zealand.

Critical Success Factors of Construction Project Quality in Brunei Darussalam

This research concentrates on the critical success factors driving construction quality and the barriers that must be overcome to achieve quality in Brunei. It hopes to identify methods of quality improvement and clearly justify investment in this area of local industry. Over the past number of years, Brunei has attempted to diversify its industry from the dominant oil and gas sector into secondary sectors,
including construction. To date, very little research has been carried out in many areas of construction management that take into account the specific industry context in Brunei. A comprehensive literature review has been employed to enable a questionnaire to be constructed and distributed among Brunei construction
professionals. The results have been analyzed through mean testing. This analysis reveals that the key barriers to construction quality in Brunei relate to lack of skills, lack of clarity in responsibility and communication and poor commitment among the design team. The critical success factors include issues relating to competency, capability, commitment and effectiveness, primarily among managers and decision-makers. The results of this study will hopefully contribute to fill the knowledge gap related to construction management in the context of Brunei and facilitate movement towards improved techniques and strategies that will foster higher quality in construction. The findings can be generalised across similar
developing economies and it is suggested that in general, the management concepts governing construction quality remain similar across the borders of East and West.

A governance approach to integrated rural tourism: factors influencing organisational performance and tourism support of local development organisations

Ao longo das últimas três décadas, o envolvimento das comunidades na formulação de políticas locais tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais atenção como uma abordagem sustentável para o desenvolvimento rural na União Europeia (UE) e no mundo. Emergendo da globalização, novas estruturas de governação têm desafiado a base territorial restricta da autoridade do Estado soberano através do envolvimento de uma rede complexa e de autoorganização de atores governamentais e não-governamentais na tomada de decisões coletivas. A reestruturação territorial e institucional das zonas rurais, associada à expansão da governança rural, ganhou atenção considerável na literatura. No entanto, o potencial de empregar princípios de governança como fatores que determinam as direções de desenvolvimento rural através de desempenho organizacional e apoio no turismo não tem sido amplamente explorado na literatura. Deste modo, o principal objetivo desta tese consiste no emprego de ‘integração’, ‘participação’ e ‘empowerment’ como fatores críticos que influenciam os rumos do desenvolvimento rural (1) através do desempenho organizacional das organizações de governança rural e (2) apoio no turismo de organizações de desenvolvimento rural tendo em vista a validação da abordagem de governança para o turismo integrado. Ao longo deste duplo objectivo geral, a tese é dividida numa componente qualitativa de ‘desempenho’ e numa componente quantitativa de ‘apoio’. Seguindo uma abordagem sistemática baseada num sistema conceptual, foram realizadas 38 entrevistas em profundidade com pessoas chave envolvendo gestores do programa LEADER da UE na Hungria (34% do número total de Grupos de Ação Local [GAL]), seguido por um levantamento de campo transversal realizado através de um sistema de recolha de dados na Internet, tendo resultado em 662 questionários válidos para uma taxa de resposta de 63.6%. Os resultados da componente “desempenho” revelaram padrões na implementação dos princípios de governança, que por sua vez permitiram a identificação de fatores que permitem e restringem o desempenho organizacional. Os resultados da componente “apoio” permitiram destacar que o ponto de vista de redes de desenvolvimento local nos princípios de governança não é homogéneo. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre organizações responsáveis pelo planeamento e os grupos de aconselhamento. Contudo, os resultados sugeriram que a dimensão sustentável de turismo rural integrado é um prognosticador da contribuição do turismo para o desenvolvimento global da comunicade e para o apoio do turismo ao longo das redes de desenvolvimento local. Este estudo responde a uma necessidade crescente de investigação, que resulta da proliferação à escala mundial de formações de governança em sistemas de administração pública, tanto no lado dos investigadores como no lado dos praticantes.

Enhancing Security Requirements Engineering by Organisational Learning

More and more software projects today are security-related in one way or the other. Requirements engineers often fail to recognise indicators for security problems which is a major source of security problems in practice. Identifying security-relevant requirements is labour-intensive and errorprone. In order to facilitate the security requirements elicitation process, we present an approach supporting organisational learning on security requirements by establishing company-wide experience resources, and a socio-technical network to benefit from them. The approach is based on modelling the flow of requirements and related experiences. Based on those models, we enable people to exchange experiences about security-requirements while they write and discuss project requirements. At the same time, the approach enables participating stakeholders to learn while they write requirements. This can increase security awareness and facilitate learning on both individual and organisational levels. As a basis for our approach, we introduce heuristic assistant tools which support reuse of existing security-related experiences. In particular, they include Bayesian classifiers which issue a warning automatically when new requirements seem to be security-relevant. Our results indicate that this is feasible, in particular if the classifier is trained with domain specific data and documents from previous projects. We show how the ability to identify security-relevant requirements can be improved using this approach. We illustrate our approach by providing a step-by-step example of how we improved the security requirements engineering process at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and report on experiences made in this application.

Implementation of a service quality strategy: application to the Algarve hotel industry

Tese dout., Doctor of Philisophy, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001

Screening for success in a visual arts program.

Abstract: Little research has been directed towards determining means of predicting success in visual arts programs. Therefore, this study attemps to profile a typical successful student in a visual arts program, namely the Illustration & Design program at Dawson College. To this end, questionnaires, designed by the researcher, served to investigate the students' reasons for choosing the program as well as provide demographic data. In addition, students' personality types were investigated by means of the online Sternberg & Wagner Thinking Styles Inventory (SWTSI) questionnaire. Using the SPSS statistical software, an analysis was done to determine whether students who offer intrinsically motivated reasons for applying to the Illustration & Design program are those who also demonstrate greater academic success. Furthermore, grounding this study in Sternberg's theory of mental self governance, students' college grades were correlated to their personality type to determine if Type I personality types perform better academically than Type II or Type III (Zhang, 2005), The participants consisted of three cohorts (128 students form semester 1, 3 and 5) of the Illustration & Design program, as well as two comparison groups, one from the Fine Arts program (24 students), and another from the Business Administration program, a non-visual arts program at Dawson College (20 students).||Résumé: Les recherches portant sur l'identification de moyens qui permettent de prédire la réussite dans les programmes d'arts plastiques sont très rares. Par conséquent, cette étude tente de dresser le profil de l'élève type qui réussit dans un programme d'arts visuels, à savoir le programme Illustration & Design au Collège Dawson. À cette fin, des questionnaires conçus par le chercheur ont servi à déterminer les raisons pour lesquelles l'élève a choisi ce programme et ont permis de fournir des données démographiques. En outre, les étudiants ont été catégorisés par type de personnalité au moyen du questionnaire Sternberg & Wagner Thinking Styles Inventory (SWTSI). Grâce au logiciel statistique SPSS, une analyse a été effectuée afin de déterminer si les élèves dont la motivation comptait beaucoup dans leur choix du programme Illustration & Design étaient aussi ceux qui affichaient un taux de réussite plus élevé. En outre, en s'appuyant sur la Théorie d'autonomie de gestion mentale de Sternberg, cette étude avait pour but de corréler les résultats scolaires des élèves à leur personnalité afin de déterminer si les étudiants du Type de personnalité I avaient de meilleurs résultats scolaires que ceux de Type II et de Type III (Zhang, 2005). Les participants étaient composés de trois cohortes (128 étudiants des 1er, 3e et 5e semestres) du programme Illustration et Design ainsi que de deux groupes témoins, un groupe de 24 élèves du programme de Techniques de l'Administration, programme en dehors des arts visuels.

An Evaluative Case Study of a Career Coaching Approach to Improving Student Placement Success in a UK Business School

Describes the innovative approach adopted in a UK business school to improve the number of student placements. A module was designed to provide students with the skills to search, apply for and gain a year-long placement as part of a degree ‘sandwich’ course. A blend of workshops, recorded lectures, online formative feedback exercises and one-to-one career coaching created a tailored, practical approach to skill enhancement. This session provides the presentation of the adopted methodology the results of the evaluative research, a live demonstration of the coaching approach and a discussion with the audience of ideas for development of the approach.

Activism Success: A Concept Explication

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014

Success, satisfaction and scrutiny: the business benefits of involving residents

This document summarises work to develop a compelling business case for landlord investment in resident involvement. Its key argument is involvement not only assists in improving satisfaction and service delivery, but also provides value for money.