[Comunicação nas] XVI Jornadas sobre a função social do museu. Montalegre, 2005

Estamos prestes a encerrar as XVI Jornadas Sobre a Função Social do Museu.Desde 1988, ano em que reunimos as Ias. Jornadas na Quinta da Subserra em Vila Franca de Xira, que nos temos encontrado anualmente. Esta “longevidade” no âmbito das instituições museológicas portuguesas é já por si motivo de celebração. Sobretudo se observarmos que alguns de nós temos estado presentes desde as primeiras Jornadas.Mas temos este ano, outra efeméride a celebrar: os 20 anos do MINOM. De facto, foi em Lisboa em Novembro de 1985 (se não erro, no dia 5 desse mês) que a Assembleia Constitutiva aprovou os estatutos do Movimento Internacional para uma Nova Museologia. Nessa ocasião, foram divulgados entre nós e, pela primeira vez amplamente discutidos, textos que nos habituámos a considerar como textos fundacionais do Movimento. Refiro-me à Declaração de Santiago do Chile, à Declaração de Oaxtepec, à definição, então muito recente, de G. H. Rivière, de Ecomuseu.

[Comunicação nas] XVII Jornadas sobre a função social do museu. S. Brás de Alportel, 2006

A palavra que mais vezes ouvi durante estes três dias que duraram as nossas XVII Jornadas sobre a Função Social do Museu foi a palavra UTOPIA. Ainda bem! Tenho para mim que é isso mesmo o que é próprio da Museologia. UTOPIA, o UTOPOS, o não lugar, o lugar que ainda não existe é o específico do nosso trabalho de museólogos.O nosso trabalho é exactamente caminhar por esse lugar que não sabemos onde fica. Por caminhos que não conhecemos: ora a estrada larga, ora o caminho pedregoso, empinado ou vertiginosamente descendente (como a calçadinha de S. Brás); muitas vezes nos perdemos e foi necessário voltar atrás e recomeçar. Algumas vezes o desânimo tomou conta dos caminhantes mas logo outros se nos juntaram e trouxeram ânimo novo e continuámos estrada fora. E cá vamos. Descobrindo o caminho para o lugar que “ainda não existe”.Ocorre-me aqui Antonio Machado:“Caminante no hay caminoSe hace camino al andar”.E cá vamos perseguindo a UTOPIA.

[Comunicação nas] XVIII Jornadas sobre a função social do museu Idanha-a-Nova - 2008

O mundo da patrimonialização dos objectos e da sua musealização enfrenta hoje novos desafios. Afinal é esse o nosso quotidiano – enfrentar desafios.Estamos agora perante duas entidades sobre as quais muito discutimos nas últimas décadas – o Património e o Turismo. Já suspeitámos muito de ambas. Houve um tempo, há umas décadas atrás, em que alguns de nós separávamos claramente o “património” daquilo que já constituía o espólio museológico, como se os objectos musealizados já não fossem ou nunca tivessem pertencido à categoria de “património”. O alargamento do conceito de património e a sua aceitação quase universal fizeram-nos rectificar o nosso erro.Do “turismo” desconfiámos ainda mais. O turista era o intruso, senão o agressor que nada entendia da “nossa” cultura. E, depois, tínhamos a certeza de que o turismo não era, não poderia ser, a salvação para os problemas da estagnação sócia e económica e, logo cultural, de que padeciam as comunidades num mundo em mudança que elas não entendiam (e, diga-se de passagem, nós também não).

[Comunicação nas] XIX Jornadas sobre a Função Social do Museu Paços de Ferreira - 2009

Faz agora 24 anos que alguns de nós que aqui estamos visitáramos o Moinho de Maré de Corroios. Era à data, talvez, a unidade produtiva mais antiga do nosso país.De facto, o Moinho de Maré de Corroios começara a moer grão em 1403 e 580 anos passados de produção contínua produzia uma farinha que os especialistas consideravam de excelente qualidade para a panificação e a confeitaria. Pouco tempo depois o Moinho de Corroios foi adquirido pelo Município e transformado num dos núcleos museológicos do Ecomuseu do Seixal. O Sr. Guilherme, o último moleiro, foi promovido a funcionário do museu e guia dos visitantes.As 6 moendas essas ficaram paradas para sempre. As hélices das turbinas que as punham em movimento lá foram apodrecendo e a caldeira ficou assoreada. Cada vez que visitávamos o Moinho tínhamos de ouvir as lamentações do Sr. Guilherme e ver-lhe a tristeza espelhada nos olhos quando nos explicava o funcionamento do mecanismo que se não movimentava.

Efficiency and social inclusion: implications for the museum profession

In the late 1980s Stephen Weil (1990) raised the question of the extent to which museum work could be considered a profession, the extent to which it had been professionalized, and in what ways this professionalization was facilitated or impeded by the changing circumstances of museum work, its organizational and governance context and its already multiplying roles vis-à-vis public culture and society at large. Although Weil‘s thoughts were situated in the American museum context of the mid-1980s, many of his thoughts apply to contexts beyond the US, and some of the questions he raised about the potential for professionalising museum work still resonate with the current situation of museum work. This paper tries to pose and approach a host of questions that, whilst in the main echoing Stephen Weil‘s mid-1980s reflections, are reconfigured in light of some sweeping changes in the nature of museum work, its mode of governance and its governing norms and values.

Training for museums and the National Charter for museum professions in Italy: a new prospective for development

Traditionally Italian universities have trained researchers and professionals in conservation: archaeologists, art historians and architects. It is only with the reform of the universities, from 1999, that the teaching of museology and museography have also been expanded.Italian museums are for the most part public museums, depending on local bodies or the national ministry; they lack autonomy and do not possess specific professional figures. The task of conservation has predominated over the other roles of museums, but with the reform of the conservation law in 2004 the definition of „museum‟ has been introduced in Italy as well, and regulations regarding the development of heritage have been issued; in addition the Regions have also taken on a more active role for museums belonging to local bodies and for the development of their territory.Museum professions are not officially recognised, but the museum community, through the various associations and ICOM Italia, has put together a document to act as a general reference, the National Charter of Museum Professions, which has been followed by the Manual of Museum Professions in Europe. Now there is a need to plan the content and outlines ofvocational training courses for museum professionals, together withthe universities, the regions and the museums themselves, alongwith the associations and ICOM – ICTOP, utilising the mostinnovative Master‟s courses which offer an interdisciplinaryapproach, a methodology which combines theory and practice, andan element of hands-on experimentation in museums, or withmuseums.

Museum Studies Borderlands: negotiating curriculum and competencies

Given ICTOP‘s work on revising the curriculum guide using the competencies approach (2000-2008), the author asks whether it is possible to reflect some of the issues and conceptual underpinnings that are at play in the discourse of museology/museum studies as a field of study and pedagogy when designing curriculum when taking the competencies approach. Until we address this question, ICTOP‘s work will have little relevance for the design of syllabi/curriculum by post-secondary institutions. This presentation lays out some of the professional issues underlying and the role for critical reflexive professionalism which can bridge theory and practice, competencies and epistemological knowledge and s how a way forward. Then it moves to address some of the territories where critical discussion is at work that would extend the curriculum discussions of ICTOP, while pointing to some developments that offer a museology of possibilities.

Museums as service providers

The present paper discusses the complex understanding of Museum as an entity that provides services. Indeed we are far from seeing museums fully acting as services since the rationale of the way they operate derives from the permanent concession of grants either from state budgets or from beneficent institutions. In order to do this, we use reflections presented in previous papers, where we considered these issues separately; we now believe they will gain some coherence when articulated with the reflection on museums seen in their possible, albeit inadequately assumed, condition as service providers.We shall consider some aspects of the introduction in museums of the new information and communication technologies (NICT) as part of this process. On the one hand, these technologies open doors, and some museums take good advantage of that; but on the other hand their being used in a limited way does not enable the realisation of the role they can play, with multiple benefits from the organisational point of view, fostering innovation and creating new service concepts that are more aware of the world we live in.

Response to Anwar Tlili‘s paper -Efficiency and social inclusion: implications for the museum profession

I have been asked to respond to Anwar Tlili‘s paper, and I propose to do this in four steps. I will follow Anwar‘s line of arguments closely. I will be dealing in turn withStep no. 1: Profession and ProfessionalizationStep no. 2: Social InclusionStep no. 3: ManagerialismStep no. 4: Museum Education and Training

ICOM Switzerland implication in training matters: last news

The presentation will focus on ICOM Switzerland‘s works concerning training designed for museums professionals. Its implication in this field is increasing, within the framework of its own offer of continuous education, as well as within partnerships with other external institutions (for example universities).In September 2008, the first Master in Museology in Switzerland (Master en études muséales) will be launched, as a result of the cooperation of ICOM Switzerland, the University of Neuchâtel and l‘Association des musées suisses (the National Swiss Museums Association).ICOM Switzerland is involved in reflections with museum professionnals. For instance, it collaborated with Swiss museum educators (the médiateurs culturels) in order to define quality standards for their working areas. This year also, a certification has also been set up, regarding training for museums professionals. The project has been presented in Vienna last year and it is now operational.

The School of Museology Celje: regular, continuous, topical, quality form of education

At the School of Museology, a project with ten years of tradition, we carry out module-based programmes to educate and qualify different target audiences working in the filed of cultural heritage. Our development and realization of educational programmes and training courses directed at practical applicability, including life-long learning of adults, topic complementarity with related professional and scientific fields, connection with universities offering undergraduate and postgraduate studies of heritages, promotion of theoretical museological discourses raising awareness of the meaning of cultural heritage, firm placement in an international network of related institutions and promotion of international relations with special emphasis on neighbouring countries. We encourage project partnership and cooperate with different domestic and foreign associates in forming and carrying out programmes.

The National Museum of Mongolia successful strategies and lessons learned

Enkhnaran will discuss issues for professional education raised by museums and tourism companies, which share similar objectives in the sense that each aim to provide their guests with quality information entertainment and a memorable experience. With limited budget capabilities, it is especially important for museums to co-operate with tourist companies in order to attract new and repeat visitors as well as generate important revenue.

Differentiation and coordination within a composite training policy providing efficient support namely to isolated museum professionals

In Portugal, namely in municipal museums, the reduced percentage of museum professionals that have a stable administrative position imposes a high degree of polyvalence allowing them to coordinate, often by themselves, the quotidian activities at the museum(s) they run.

The inclusive process of training in social museology: alternative museology in action in Carapateira, Portugal

Pierre Mayrand is a long-time member of ICTOP and founder of MINOM. He did graduate studies in Montreal and overseas, studying art history with a specialization in architecture and urban planning. In 1970, when the Université du Québec was founded, Pierre entered the teaching profession, participating (as director, professor, and researcher) in the setting up of programs in national heritage, museology and cultural development. He is still active in teaching and project development now as a altermuseologist.

The Baltic Museology School : its role in the professional education system

Due to various reasons museum employees from the Baltic States rarely use the chance to study museology abroad. Therefore the State Authority on Museums of Latvia in collaboration with ICOM-Latvia decided to ―deliver‖ this knowledge, by inviting internationally acknowledged lectors from different countries to widen the scope of takers of this opportunity. Estonian and Lithuanian colleagues are also joining in the project, which is included in the cooperation programme of the Ministries of Culture of the Baltic States.