Module property verification : A method to plan and perform quality verifications in modular architectures

Modular product architectures have generated numerous benefits for companies in terms of cost, lead-time and quality. The defined interfaces and the module’s properties decrease the effort to develop new product variants, and provide an opportunity to perform parallel tasks in design, manufacturing and assembly. The background of this thesis is that companies perform verifications (tests, inspections and controls) of products late, when most of the parts have been assembled. This extends the lead-time to delivery and ruins benefits from a modular product architecture; specifically when the verifications are extensive and the frequency of detected defects is high. Due to the number of product variants obtained from the modular product architecture, verifications must handle a wide range of equipment, instructions and goal values to ensure that high quality products can be delivered. As a result, the total benefits from a modular product architecture are difficult to achieve. This thesis describes a method for planning and performing verifications within a modular product architecture. The method supports companies by utilizing the defined modules for verifications already at module level, so called MPV (Module Property Verification). With MPV, defects are detected at an earlier point, compared to verification of a complete product, and the number of verifications is decreased. The MPV method is built up of three phases. In Phase A, candidate modules are evaluated on the basis of costs and lead-time of the verifications and the repair of defects. An MPV-index is obtained which quantifies the module and indicates if the module should be verified at product level or by MPV. In Phase B, the interface interaction between the modules is evaluated, as well as the distribution of properties among the modules. The purpose is to evaluate the extent to which supplementary verifications at product level is needed. Phase C supports a selection of the final verification strategy. The cost and lead-time for the supplementary verifications are considered together with the results from Phase A and B. The MPV method is based on a set of qualitative and quantitative measures and tools which provide an overview and support the achievement of cost and time efficient company specific verifications. A practical application in industry shows how the MPV method can be used, and the subsequent benefits

Product verification and defect repair - status and considerations

Product verifications have become a cost-intensive and time-consuming aspect of modern electronics production, but with the onset of an ever-increasing miniaturisation, these aspects will become even more cumbersome. One may also go as far as to point out that certain precision assembly, such as within the biomedical sector, is legally bound to have 0 defects within production. Since miniaturisation and precision assembly will soon become a part of almost any product, the verifications phases of assembly need to be optimised in both functionality and cost. Another aspect relates to the stability and robustness of processes, a pre-requisite for flexibility. Furthermore, as the re-engineering cycle becomes ever more important, all information gathered within the ongoing process becomes vital. In view of these points, product, or process verification may be assumed to be an important and integral part of precision assembly. In this paper, product verification is defined as the process of determining whether or not the products, at a given phase in the life-cycle, fulfil the established specifications. Since the product is given its final form and function in the assembly, the product verification normally takes place somewhere in the assembly line which is the focus for this paper.

Modular Product Verifications Based on Design for Assembly

The desire to conquer markets through advanced product design and trendy business strategies are still predominant approaches in industry today. In fact, product development has acquired an ever more central role in the strategic planning of companies, and it has extended its influence to R&D funding levels as well. It is not surprising that many national R&D project frameworks within the EU today are dominated by product development topics, leaving production engineering, robotics, and systems on the sidelines. The reasons may be many but, unfortunately, the link between product development and the production processes they cater for are seldom treated in depth. The issue dealt with in this article relates to how product development is applied in order to attain the required production quality levels a company may desire, as well as how one may counter assembly defects and deviations through quantifiable design approaches. It is recognized that product verifications (tests, inspections, etc.) are necessary, but the application of these tactics often result in lead-time extensions and increased costs. Modular architectures improve this by simplifying the verification of the assembled product at module level. Furthermore, since Design for Assembly (DFA) has shown the possibility to identify defective assemblies, it may be possible to detect potential assembly defects already in the product and module design phase. The intention of this paper is to discuss and describe the link between verifications of modular architectures, defects and design for assembly. The paper is based on literature and case studies; tables and diagrams are included with the intention of increasing understanding of the relation between poor designs, defects and product verifications.

Multimodal Literacy as a form of Communication : What is the state of the students at Dalarna University multimodal literacy?

Literacy is an invaluable asset to have, and has allowed for communication, documentation and the spreading of ideas since the beginning of the written language. With technological advancements, and new possibilities to communicate, it is important to question the degree to which people’s abilities to utilise these new methods have developed in relation to these emerging technologies. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to analyse the state of students’ at Dalarna University mulitimodal literacy, as well as their experience of multimodality in their education. This has led to the two main research questions: What is the state of the students at Dalarna University multimodal literacy? And: How have the students at Dalarna University experienced multimodality in education? The paper is based on a mixed-method study that incorporates both a quantitative and qualitative aspect to it. The main thrust of the research paper is, however, based on a quantitative study that was conducted online and emailed to students via their program coordinators. The scope of the research is in audio-visual modes, i.e. audio, video and images, while textual literacy is presumed and serves as an inspiration to the study. The purpose of the study is to analyse the state of the students’ multimodal literacy and their experience of multimodality in education. The study revealed that the students at Dalarna University have most skill in image editing, while not being very literate in audio or video editing. The students seem to have had mediocre experience creating meaning through multimodality both in private use and in their respective educational institutions. The study also reveals that students prefer learning by means of video (rather than text or audio), yet are not able to create meaning (communicate) through it.

Smärta, skönhet och sociomaterialitet : En intervju med Dag Østerberg om begreppen form, förändring och socialitet

Pain, beauty, and socio-matter. An interview with Dag Østerberg concerning the concepts of form, process, and sociality. Professor Dag Østerberg (born 1938) is one of the most prominent Nordic sociologists and the author of many influential books. In this interview he discusses the concept of form in sociology and social thinking and relates it not only to change, but to sociality, pain, beauty, and socio-matter as well. In order to contextualise Østerberg’s discussion, the interview is prefaced by a brief introduction to the traditional understanding of form as related to matter and content.

A general-equilibrium closed-form solution to the welfare costs of inflation (Forthcoming, Revista Brasileira de Economia)

This work presents closed-form solutions to Lucasís (2000) generalequilibrium expression for the welfare costs of ináation, as well as to the di§erence between the general-equlibrium measure and Baileyís (1956) partial-equilibrium measure. In Lucasís original work only numerical solutions are provided.

Contribuição à implementação da coordenação modular da construção no Brasil

A Coordenação Modular pode ser entendida como a ordenação dos espaços na construção civil. Surgiu entre a Primeira (1914-1918) e a Segunda (1939-1945) Guerras Mundiais e contribuiu de forma fundamental na reconstrução de edificações residenciais nos países destruídos pela guerra, principalmente na Alemanha, em função da rapidez e da redução de custos proporcionadas pela sua utilização. A partir de então, muitos estudos surgiram, aprofundando o assunto e mostrando os imensos benefícios que a Coordenação Modular trouxe para a racionalização e a industrialização na construção civil em um grande número de países, sendo amplamente difundida e, hoje se sabe, utilizada. O Brasil foi um dos pioneiros, em nível mundial, a aprovar uma norma de Coordenação Modular, a NB-25R, em 1950, tendo os anos 70 e início dos 80 tomados por seus conceitos e estudos a respeito. Apesar disso, poucos objetivos foram alcançados mesmo com toda a promoção para a racionalização da construção. As atuais preocupações com as questões ambientais, de produtividade e de redução de custos no setor são aliados para uma retomada dos estudos de Coordenação Modular, que se mostra como um fator fundamental para que se traga à construção civil os benefícios que a industrialização trouxe a outros setores industriais. Foi realizado um levantamento histórico, em que são abordadas as questões relativas ao uso do módulo na arquitetura e sua evolução até a Coordenação Modular, os princípios e conceitos mais importantes de sua teoria e as ações realizadas em favor de sua implantação no Brasil As últimas ações identificadas foram as normas publicadas em 1982, pouco antes do fechamento do Banco Nacional da Habitação, até então o principal incentivador da Coordenação Modular. Em seguida a esse hiato de duas décadas em que ficou praticamente esquecida, estudou-se a situação atual da indústria da construção civil sob alguns aspectos e partiu-se em busca do que pode ser feito para a implementação da Coordenação Modular no país. Chegou-se à conclusão de que, apesar dos entraves existentes, o Programa Brasileiro de Produtividade e Qualidade no Habitat (PBQP-H) mostra-se como um instrumento propício para essa implementação, pois, além de contar com o suporte estatal, tem influência sobre todos os intervenientes da cadeia produtiva.

Planejamento estratégico da cadeia de suprimentos: uma contribuição aos modelos de decisões comprar/fazer através da aplicação de uma estrutura de análise de decisão no caso do Consórcio Modular em Resende

Trata das diferentes formas que uma empresa pode executar suas atividades na sua cadeia produtiva, quer seja pela integração vertical, pela terceirização, ou por uma estrutura intermediária denominada Supply Chain Manegement. Aborda os diferentes modelos de análise de terceirização das atividades a fim de atuar no planejamento da Cadeia de Suprimentos, para, em seguida, propor uma estrutura de análise na tomada de decisão comprar ou fazer. A estrutura proposta é aplicada no Consórcio Modular em Resende.