Estimativa da área foliar de Euphorbia heterophylla

Leaf area estimate may contribute to understand the relationships of interference among weeds and crops. The objective of this research was to obtain a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Euphorbia heterophylla based on linear measures of the leaf blade. Correlation studies were carried out using the real leaf area and leaf length (C) and the maximum leaf width (L) of 200 leaf blades which were collected from several agroecosystems at Universidade Estadual Paulista in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The evaluated statistic models were: linear Y = a + bx; simple linear Y = bx; geometric Y = ax b; and exponential Y = ab x. All of the evaluated models can be used for E. heterophylla leaf area estimation. The simple linear regression model is suggested using C*L and taking the linear coefficient equal to zero. Thus, an estimate of the leaf area of E. heterophylla can be obtained using the equation Af' = 0.6816*(C*L).

Distribuição espacial de atributos químicos do solo em área de pastagem e floresta

The knowledge on spatial distribution of soil properties by means of geostatistics is important as an indicator for a better soil use and management. This study aimed at evaluating the spatial distribution of soil chemical properties, in a forest and pasture area in Manicoré, Amazonas State, Brazil. Grids with 70.00 m x 70.00 m, with regular spacing of 10.00 m x 10.00 m, totaling 64 points, were established, and then soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.0-0.20 m and 0.40-0.60 m and had their chemical properties determined. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and geostatistics, and the sampling density analysis was based on the coefficient of variation and semivariograms range. The mean and median values were adjusted to the closest values, indicating normal distribution, while the spherical, exponential and gaussian models were adjusted to the soil chemical properties. It was concluded that the geostatistics provided adequate information for understanding the spatial distribution. The forest area showed a higher spatial continuity and the pasture area a lower sampling density. The chemical properties showed differences in the spatial variability, while the range represented better the estimates for sampling density and spacing, in the forest and pasture area.

Descrição do potencial de retenção de nitrogênio em frangas de postura por diferentes metodologias: mínima retenção

The objectives of this study were to describe the potential for nitrogen retention by two techniques: comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance; compare the adjusted models for each technique and estimate the maintenance requirement for pullets. Assays were performed during 14 to 28, 56-70 and 98 to 112 days of age, using 168 pullets. The design was completely randomized with seven treatments and eight replications. Treatments consisted of protein levels ranging from 75 to 435gkg-1 of dry matter. The variables were collected by comparative slaughter and nitrogen ingested and deposited in nitrogen balance technique intake and nitrogen excretion. The intercept of the exponential relationship between ingested and excreted nitrogen was considered a requirement for maintenance. The adjusted models were compared by using the maximum likelihood ratio. The techniques described differently compared the requirement for maintenance of nitrogen. For comparative slaughter requiring maintenance was estimated at 342, 372 and 543mg/kgPC0,67 and for nitrogen balance was 342, 225 and 284mg/kgPC0,67 for the period of 14 to 28, 56-70 and 98 to 112 days of age, respectively.

Descrição do potencial de retenção de nitrogênio em frangas de postura por diferentes metodologias: máxima deposição e estimativas da ingestão de metionina+cistina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Digestible valine requirements for broilers from 22 and 42 days old

Current experiment established different criteria to evaluate the requirements of digestible valine for broilers from 22 and 42 days of age, by different regression models (quadratic, exponential and Linear Response Plateau) and, in the case of statistical significance, the comparison of means by Duncan test at 5% probability. A total of 1,920 Cobb 500 male broilers were used and distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design, with 6 treatments (6 digestible valine levels: 0.7192, 0.7729, 0.8265, 0.8802, 0.9339 and 0.9876%) and 8 replications, with 40 broilers each. Data on performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. The level of 0.8265% digestible valine was considered standard. The inclusion of 0.816, 0.848 and 0.903% of digestible valine levels, corresponding to digestible valine:lysine ratios of approximately 76.00%, 79.00% and 84.12%, provided best feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively for broiler from 22 to 42 days of age.

Relax and cut: limitantes duais para o problema do caixeiro viajante

Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE

Alturas de pastos de capim-marandu na interface solo-planta

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Das transformadas integrais ao cálculo fracionário aplicado à equação logística

Pós-graduação em Biometria - IBB

Positioning and number of nutritional levels in dose-response trials to estimate the optimal-level and the adjustment of the models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Turnover de carbono nos tecidos de frangos de corte em diferentes fases de crescimento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O padrão de desenvolvimento dos agronegócios no Brasil e a atualidade histórica da reforma agrária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Previsão de vendas para uma indústria de equipamentos pesados: seleção de técnicas e análise

The continuous advance of the Brazilian economy and increased competition in the heavy equipment market, increasingly point to the need for accurate sales forecasting processes, which allow an optimized strategic planning and therefore better overall results. In this manner, we found that the sales forecasting process deserves to be studied and understood, since it has a key role in corporate strategic planning. Accurate forecasting methods enable direction of companies to circumvent the management difficulties and the variations of finished goods inventory, which make companies more competitive. By analyzing the stages of the sales forecasting it was possible to observe that this process is methodical, bureaucratic and demands a lot of training for their managers and professionals. In this paper we applied the modeling method and the selecting process which has been done for Armstrong to select the most appropriate technique for two products of a heavy equipment industry and it has been through this method that the triple exponential smoothing technique has been chosen for both products. The results obtained by prediction with the triple exponential smoothing technique were better than forecasts prepared by the industry experts

Estudo da dispersão pós-alimentar em larvas de moscas-varejeiras via autômatos celulares

In this paper, a computational analysis, using a cellular automata model, has been developed to analyze post-feeding dispersal behavior of blow y larvae. This model aimed to: simulate the exponential decline of pupal number in relation to the feed source and spatial oscillation due to larval interaction during dispersal; study whether the prior pupal presence in uences distribution patterns of larval frequency; and compare obtained unidirectional dispersal patterns to the cross-dimensional ones. The cellular automata (CA) model was able to successfully reproduce the essential features of the larval dispersal process and, thus, show the importance of local interaction in the studied dispersal process dynamics. Oscillations could be explained by the interaction among dispersing larvae and intrinsic pupation time. The box size and the initial larval density were important factors for the experiment because they in uenced the results. Results showed that the unidirectional dispersal could be used to simulate the larval dispersion that occurs in the natural environment, because both models had a similar result. These results are important to understand how di erent factors can in uence the dynamics of blow y larval dispersal, bringing important results for behavioral ecology and forensic entomology

Análise ambiental do comércio bilateral Brasil - China

A estrutura do comércio bilateral entre o Brasil e a República Popular da China - China alterou-se ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000 e dos anos 2010 e 2011, que correspondem ao período de análise. Os indicadores monetários e físicos aqui utilizados sugerem que essa relação bilateral de comércio apresenta impacto negativo sobre o meio ambiente e uma tendência exponencial deste impacto. Os indicadores físicos parecem permitir uma extrapolação maior do que os monetários: apesar da China estar contribuindo com uma parcela maior com as mudanças climáticas - maior valor absoluto de emissão de CO2 das exportações -, o Brasil está contribuindo proporcionalmente mais do que aquele país para a insustentabilidade global. Assim, a dinâmica dessa estrutura aponta para aumento da vulnerabilidade do setor exportador brasileiro, tanto no aspecto ambiental como no tecnológico, fator primordial para minimização do impacto sobre o ecossistema local e global

Síntese de pró-fármaco recíproco com potencial atividade anti-psoríase

A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele caracterizada pela hiperproliferação dos queratinócitos. Apesar de não se conhecer a causa da doença, sabe-se que ela envolve uma série de alterações no sistema imune inato e adquirido, principalmente. Entre essas alterações estão o aumento da produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como a interleucina 1 e o fator de necrose tumoral α (TNF- α). O metotrexato é um antinéoplásico análogo do ácido fólico, mas que tem seu uso consolidado no tratamento da psoríase. Sua ação principal está na inibição indireta de células em crescimento exponencial, como células tumorais e em proliferação. A modulação dos níveis de TNF-α vem a ser uma boa alternativa para o controle da psoríase. A talidomida foi o primeiro fármaco que desempenhava tal atividade, mas devido a sua teratogenicidade deixou de ser utilizada. Descobriu-se que a função antiinflamatória estava relacionada à parte ftalimídica da molécula. Então, a partir daí passou-se a sintetizar derivados que pudessem ter a mesma atividade, porém com toxicidade reduzida. Esse trabalho visa a síntese de um pró-fármaco recíproco, com a finalidade de uso tópico, unindo as atividades antiinflamatórias e antiproliferativa do metotrexato e imunomoduladora do derivado ftalimídico, o cloreto de 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-diidro-2H-isoindol-2-il)benzenosulfonil, para a redução de efeitos adversos e toxicidade decorrente do tratamento, visando a melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente