Range extension and reproduction of the barnacle Balanus perforatus in the eastern English Channel

The distribution of the warm-water barnacle, Balanus perforatus, was surveyed along the south coast of England and the north-east coast of France between 1993 and 2001, repeating work carried out between the 1940s and 1960s. The species has recovered from catastrophic mortality during the severe winter of 1962–1963 and was found over 120 km (UK) and 190 km (France) east of previous records on both sides of the Channel. The presence of the species in the eastern Channel refutes suggestions in the 1950s that larvae, and hence adults, would not be found east of the Isle of Wight because of reproductive sterility close to the limits of distribution. Brooding of specimens translocated to Bembridge, Isle of Wight, commenced in May, earlier than previously observed in British waters, and continued until September. The stage of embryo development at Bembridge in mid-August was comparable to that of the large population at Lyme Regis, Dorset 100 km further west. However the size of brood per standard body weight was greater at Lyme Regis. Factors influencing the rate of colonization and further geographic range extension of the species as a possible result of climate change, are discussed.

It's good to be queen: classically eusocial colony structure and low worker fitness in an obligately eusocial sweat bee.

Lasioglossum malachurum, a bee species common across much of Europe, is obligately eusocial across its range but exhibits clear geographic variation in demography and social behaviour. This variation suggests that social interactions between queens and workers, opportunities for worker oviposition, and patterns of relatedness among nest mates may vary considerably, both within and among regions. In this study, we used three microsatellite loci with 12–18 alleles each to examine the sociogenetic structure of colonies from a population at Agios Nikolaos Monemvasias in southern Greece. These analyses reveal that the majority of colonies exhibit classical eusocial colony structure in which a single queen mated to a single male monopolizes oviposition. Nevertheless, we also detect low rates of multiqueen nest founding, occasional caste switching by worker-destined females, and worker oviposition of both gyne and male-producing eggs in the final brood. Previous evidence that the majority of workers show some ovarian development and a minority (17%) have at least one large oocyte contrasts with the observation that only 2–3% of gynes and males (the so-called reproductive brood) are produced by workers. An evaluation of the parameters of Hamilton's Rule suggests that queens benefit greatly from the help provided by workers but that workers achieve greater fitness by provisioning and laying their own eggs rather than by tending to the queen's eggs. This conflict of interest between the queen and her workers suggests that the discrepancy between potential and achieved worker oviposition is due to queen interference. Comparison of relatedness and maternity patterns in the Agios Nikolaos Monemvasias population with those from a northern population near Tübingen, Germany, points to a north–south cline of increasingly effective queen control of worker behaviour.

Variation and Change in French Morphosyntax: The Case of Collective Nouns

Collective nouns such as majorité or foule have long been of interest to linguists for their unusual semantic properties, and provide a valuable source of new data on the evolution of French grammar. This book tests the hypothesis that plural agreement with collective nouns is becoming more frequent in French. Through an analysis of data from a variety of sources, including sociolinguistic interviews, gap-fill tests and corpora, the complex linguistic and external factors which affect this type of agreement are examined, shedding new light on their interaction in this context. Broader questions concerning the methodological challenges of studying variation and change in morphosyntax, and the application of sociolinguistic generalisations to the French of France, are also addressed.

Reviews:

‘Cet ouvrage constitue un apport majeur dans le champ de la linguistique variationniste et diachronique, tant par les résultats mis au jour que par la qualité de sa démarche méthodologique.’ — Sophie Prévost, French Studies 69.4, October 2015, 578-79

‘While language variation and change have been the focal point for linguists on this side of the Atlantic, Tristram argues that studies on morphosyntactic variation in French studies are lacking due to a focus on phonology and dialectology as well as denial of variation and change in the French language. Tristram’s book is thus a welcome contribution.’ — Samira Hassa, French Review 89.3, 2016, 108

‘Anyone teaching variation in French will want to talk about the findings and reflections reported in this study. A remarkable amount of ground is covered in a small compass. This is a highly welcome addition to the Legenda list, and one must hope that further linguistics titles will be added to it before very long.’ — Nigel Armstrong, Journal of French Language Studies 26.2, 2016, 211-13

Transnational Fantômas: The Influence of Feuillade’s Series on International Cinema during the 1910s

The influence of Fantômas novels and films on global popular culture is widely acknowledged. From the 1915 Spanish musical "Cine-fantomas" to the 1960s Italian comic book series "Diabolik," "Kriminal" and "Satanik," from Turkish B-movies such as "Fantoma Istanbulda Bulusalim" (dir. Natuk Baytan, 1967) to Julio Cortazar’s anti-imperialist pamphlet "Fantômas contra los vampiros multinacionales" (1975), Pierre Souvestre and Marcel Allain’s original literary series have engendered uncountable translations, adaptations, imitations and plagiarisms that have spread the character’s fame worldwide since its first appearance in 1911.
By focusing on the influence of Louis Feuillade’s film adaptations during the first decade of Fantômas’ long history as a transnational and transmedia icon, this paper aims to contribute to the growing interdisciplinary field that deals with the history of the supranational cultural sphere created by modern media culture. As a sort of archaeology of contemporary cultural globalization, this form of study intends to enrich previous historical surveys that had only taken into consideration specific national contexts. Moreover, it might also rebalance certain “colonizing” accounts that overemphasize the role of the cultural superpowers such as France, the UK or the US, often forgetting the appropriation of the products of international popular culture to be found in other countries. Therefore, this paper examines the transnational circulation of Fantômas films and, in particular, the creative processes engendered outside of France their origin country. As a controversial character and a central player in the relationship between cinema and literature in the crucial years when the feature and serial film boosted and legitimized the film industry, Fantômas represents an exemplary case study to discuss the cross-cultural and cross-media dynamics engendered by popular fiction.

Τesting models for the beginnings of the Aurignacian and the advent of figurative art and music: The radiocarbon chronology of Geißenklösterle

The German site of Geißenklösterle is crucial to debates concerning the European Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition and the origins of the Aurignacian in Europe. Previous dates from the site are
central to an important hypothesis, the Kulturpumpe model, which posits that the Swabian Jura was an area where crucial behavioural developments took place and then spread to other parts of Europe. The previous chronology (critical to the model), is based mainly on radiocarbon dating, but remains poorly constrained due to the dating resolution and the variability of dates. The cause of these problems is disputed, but two principal explanations have been proposed: a) larger than expected variations in the production of atmospheric radiocarbon, and b) taphonomic in?uences in the site mixing the bones that were dated into different parts of the site. We reinvestigate the chronology using a new series of radiocarbon determinations obtained from the Mousterian, Aurignacian and Gravettian levels. The results strongly imply that the previous dates were affected by insuf?cient decontamination of the bone collagen prior to dating. Using an ultra?ltration protocol the chronometric picture becomes much clearer. Comparison of the results against other recently dated sites in other parts of Europe suggests the Early Aurignacian levels are earlier than other sites in the south of France and Italy, but not as early as recently dated sites which suggest a pre-Aurignacian dispersal of modern humans to Italy byw45000 cal BP. They are consistent with the importance of the Danube Corridor as a key route for the movement of people and ideas. The new dates fail to refute the Kulturpumpe model and suggest that Swabian Jura is a region that contributed signi?cantly to the evolution of symbolic behaviour as indicated by early evidence for ?gurative art, music and mythical imagery. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The importance of the pelagic larval phase of the wedge shell Donax trunculus (L.): implications for the management of the fishery

The wedge shell, Donax trunculus, inhabits high energy environment of exposed sandy beaches from the Atlantic coast of France to Senegal. Like all Donacidae, it is relative small, flat-shaped with elongated solid shells. It is a highly demanded and valuable species mainly in Algarve, with the dredge fleet increasing the pressure on species stocks. In 1986 the Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere (IPMA) initiated a bivalve survey program to evaluate the stock status of species with economical valuable but always on the adult population. Since then, several managing measures were implemented to guarantee bivalves’ sustainable exploitation. Despite the available information on the abundance and distribution of the wedge shell along the Algarve coast, no information on the larval planktonic phase is available. To fill in this gap, the present study aimed at obtaining, for the first time information on the broodstock condition and on the pelagic phase of the wedge shell in the Algarve coast.

Ragweed Pollen Source Inventory for France - the Second Largest Centre of Ambrosia in Europe

France, in particular the Rhône-Alpes region, is one of the three main centres of ragweed (Ambrosia) in Europe. The aim of this study is to develop a gridded ragweed pollen source inventory for all of France that can be used in assessments, eradication plans and by atmospheric models for describing concentrations of airborne ragweed pollen. The inventory combines information about spatial variations in annual Ambrosia pollen counts, knowledge of ragweed ecology, detailed land cover information and a Digital Elevation Model. The ragweed inventory consists of a local infection level on a scale of 0–100% (where 100% is the highest plant abundance per area in the studied region) and a European infection level between 0% and 100% (where 100% relates to the highest identified plant abundance in Europe using the same methodology) that has been distributed onto the EMEP grid with 5 km × 5 km resolution. The results of this analysis showed that some of the highest mean annual ragweed pollen concentrations were recorded at Roussillon in the Rhône-Valley. This is reflected by the inventory, where the European infection level has been estimated to reach 67.70% of the most infected areas in Europe i.e. Kecskemét in central Hungary. The inventory shows that the Rhône Valley is the most heavily infected part of France. Central France is also infected, but northern and western parts of France are much less infected. The inventory can be entered into atmospheric transport models, in combination with other components such as a phenological model and a model for daily pollen release, in order to simulate the dispersion of ragweed pollen within France as well as potential long-distance transport from France to other European countries.

Recueil de copies de pièces concernant principalement le règne du roi Henri IV.

Contient : 1 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] à la royne Marguerite, sur la dissolution de leur mariage » ; 2 « Response de la royne MARGUERITE » ; 3 « Lettre de Mme DE SIMY[AN]E à Mr le mareschal de Joyeuse, apres qu'il s'est rendu capuchin » ; 4 « Responces dud. capuchin », HENRI DE JOYEUSE ; 5 « Lettre du duc D'ESPERNON au roy Henry III, au commencement des troubles de la Ligue » ; 6 Lettre ; 7 « Rang des princes et officiers de la couronne aux ceremonies publiques », pièce ; 8 Étiquette du baptême d'un dauphin, pièce ; 9 « Raisons representées au pape Paul V par Mr le cardinal DU PERRON, sur le subject du differend survenu entre S. S. et la republique de Venise, en l'année 1606, pour la convier d'entendre à un accord » ; 10 « Proposition faicte par M. le president JEANIN à Mrs les estatz generaux des Païs Bas » ; 11 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] au pape [Paul V], pour le different terminé entre S. S. et les Venitiens » ; 12 « Lettre du roy [HENRY IV] à Mr le cardinal de Joyeuse, pour le different terminé entre S. S. et les Venitiens » ; 13 « Response à la republique de Venise, sur l'instance qu'elle a faicte au roy, à l'occasion du different qu'elle avoit avec le pape, de se declarer en sa faveur » ; 14 « Response faicte au deputé des Grisons, envoyé vers S. M., l'an 1607 » ; 15 Lettre du roi HENRI IV au prince d'Anhalt ; 16 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] au pape » Paul V ; 17 « Pouvoir donné à Mrs Jeanin et de Russy, estans en Hollande, pour traicter de ligue » ; 18 « Translact de la lectre du roy de Maroc » ; 19 « Lectre de M. le cardinal DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULT » au roi Henri IV ; 20 « Articles accordez entre tres hault, tres excellent et tres puissant prince Henry IV, par la grace de Dieu roy de France et de Navarre, et tres haulte, tres excelente et tres puissante princesse Marie, aussi par la mesme grace de Dieu royne de France et de Navarre, en leurs noms et comme stipulans et se faisans fortz pour tres hault et puissant prince Monseigneur le duc d'Orleans, leur second filz, d'une part, et hault et excellent prince, Monseigneur Henry de Bourbon, duc de Montpensier, pair de France, et haulte et excellente princesse Mme Henryette Catherine de Joyeuse, sa femme et espouze, aussi stipulans et se faisans fors pour haulte et excellente princesse madamoiselle de Bourbon, leur fille unicque et seulle heritiere, d'autre part... » ; 21 « Double du memoire de l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre, touchant les debtes pretendues par son roy » ; 22 « Response au memoire cy dessus » ; 23 « Double de lettre escripte au pape, touchant l'evesché de Metz », par le roi HENRI IV ; 24 « Discours de Mr JEANIN, pour faire agreer la trefve à Mrs les Estatz des Provinces Unyes » ; 25 Acte de « MAXIMILIAN II,... empereur des Romains », par lequel ledit empereur confirme l'union indissoluble des « duchez et païs du... duc... Guillaume de Juliers,... assavoir : Juliers, Cleves, Berg, La Marche et Ravensbourg, tant et si longuement que la succession des heritiers dud. Sr duc et de leur posterité, en ligne descendente, durera et se trouverra... Auguste... le 21... avril... 1566 ». Traduction ; 26 Acte de « MAXIMILIAN II,... empereur », confirmant un acte de l'empereur CHARLES QUINT, concernant l'ordre de succession au duché de Clèves. Traduction ; 27 « Bref du pape [PAUL V] sur l'obedience prestée par Mr de Nevers », au nom du roi Henri IV, pour les royaumes de France et de Navarre. « Datum Romae, apud Sanctum Petrum, sub annulo piscatoris, quinto calendas decembris 1608 ». En latin ; 28 Lettre du pape PAUL V au roi Henri IV, sur le serment d'obédience relaté dans l'acte qui précède. « Datum Romae, apud Sanctum Petrum, sub annulo piscatoris, XVIII calendas januarii 1609 ». En latin ; 29 « Double de la lectre escripte par le roy [HENRI IV] au roy de la Grande Bretagne [Jacques Ier]... Escript à Fontainebleau, le 28e de juing 1609 » ; 30 Acte passé entre les ambassadeurs de France et d'Angleterre, d'une part, et les représentants des États généraux des provinces unies des Pays-Bas, d'autre part, pour la garantie de la trève entre lesdits États généraux et l'Espagne. 17 juin 1609 ; 31 Traité passé entre les ambassadeurs de France et les représentants des États généraux des provinces unies des Pays-Bas. 22 juin 1609 ; 32 « Memoire pour les droictz des pretendans à la succession de Cleyes » ; 33 « Memoire des droictz et honneurs appartenans à l'estat de grand chambellan, desquelz Mr le duc du Maine a jouy, faisant lad. charge » ; 34 « Ordonnance du roy sur le differend survenu entre le cappitaine de ses gardes et le grand prevost de son hostel » ; 35 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] aux Provinces Unies... Escript à Paris, le 3... aust 1609 » ; 36 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] à Mr le prince Maurice » ; 37 « Lettre du roy [HENRI IV] à Mme la princesse d'Orange,... Aust 1609 » ; 38 Lettre du roi HENRI IV « à Mme la duchesse Sforce » ; 39 « Articles traictez et accordez avec le roy d'Angleterre et d'Escosse, par le Sr marquis de Rosny, grand maistre de l'artillerye et grand voyer de France, ambassadeur envoyé par S. M. vers led. roy, en l'an 1603 » ; 40 « Articles du mariage de S. M. » ; 41 « Proposition de Mr JEANIN à Mrs les Estatz, pour la religion catholique » ; 42 « Forma de la ratification de la tregua con los de Olanda y Zelanda... En Segovia, a 7 de julio 1609 ». En espagnol ; 43 Éloge du roi Henri IV ; 44 « Lettre escripte par le roy [HENRI IV] à l'ambassadeur d'Angleterre, sur le faict des debtes » ; 45 « Responce » du roi HENRI IV « à l'empereur, par le comte Hohenzoleren » ; 46 « Responce » du roi HENRI IV « aux eslecteurs eclesiasticques, par le conte de Hohe[n]zoleren, au mois d'octobre 1609 » ; 47 « Responce à l'archiduc Leopold » du roi HENRI IV, « par le comte de Hohenzoleren » ; 48 « Double de lectre escripte au duc de Saxe » par le roi HENRI IV ; 49 « Pouvoir donné à Mr de Boisize, s'en allant ambassadeur en Allemagne », par le roi HENRI IV. « Donné à Paris, le [31] decembre 1609 » ; 50 « Pouvoir donné à M. de La Boderye, s'en allant ambassadeur en Angleterre », par le roi HENRI IV. « Donné à Paris, le 29 decembre 1609 » ; 51 « Responce » du roi HENRI IV « aux electeur et ducs de Saxe » ; 52 « Lettre de Mr le duc DE SULLY à Mr le prince de Condé » ; 53 « Traicté de Mr de Boissise avec les princes et Estatz d'Allemagne » ; 54 « Capitulation faicte avec les cantons de Suisse, le 15 mars 1610 » ; 55 « Traicté faict entre la couronne de France et d'Angleterre, au mois de septembre, l'an 1610 » ; 56 Lettre de MARIE DE MEDICIS au roi d'Espagne Philippe III, après la mort de Henri IV ; 57 Lettre de MARIE DE MEDICIS à la reine d'Espagne ; 58 « Reiglement pour l'administration des finances, faict en febvrier 1611 » ; 59 « Adviz de Mr DE MORVILLIERS sur la proposition de la guerre des Pays Bas, faicte au roi Charles IX » ; 60 « Traicté particulier, faict en Angleterre, l'an 1610, le 10 juin » ; 61 « Lettre escritte aux Estatz, l'an 1611 », par la reine MARIE DE MEDICIS ; 62 « Reglement pour les compagnies des chevaux legers, fait en l'an 1611 » ; 63 « Subscriptions de la royne » ; 64 « Reiglement des finances, faict en suicte du reiglement de la direction des finances, du cinquieme jour de febvrier dernier » ; 65-66 Même contenu que les pièces portées plus haut sous les nos 30 et 31 ; 67 « Le partage des terres de surseance de Bourgongne, arresté le 16 febvrier 1612 » ; 68 « Convention, accord, cession, transport, acceptation et quittance de ce que Henry IV devoit au roy d'Angleterre » ; 69 « Ad regis Francorum oratorem responcio » ; 70 Pièce ; 71 « Estat des payes que S. M. acorde estre faictes par moys au Sr collonel Fegly et aux officiers de son regiment ». Copie ; 72 « Suscriptions » des lettres adressées par le roi « au pape... à l'empereur... au roy d'Espagne... », etc ; 73 Liste des « cardinaulx à present vivantz. 1604 » ; 74 Liste des « chevalliers du S. Esprit » en 1604 ; 75 Suscriptions des lettres adressées par le roi « aux mareschaux de France, gouverneurs des provinces et autres seigneurs de ce royaume » ; 76 « Reglement que le roy veult estre doresnavant observé par les secretaires d'Estat, pour l'expedition des placetz qui seront presentez à S. M., laquelle leur deffend tres expressement de faire aucunes depesches au contraire » ; 77 « Reglement pour la cavalerie legere » ; 78 Table méthodique des pièces ci-dessus indiquées ; 79 Sommaire d'un acte pour une construction

Results of emancipation (1864)

Translation of L'abolition de l'esclavage. Work crowned by the Institute of France (Académie française)

The French Constitutional Council as the Rottweiler of the Republican Ideal in the Language Field: Does Jurisprudence Really Reflect Reality? EDAP 03/2012, 2012

France is known for being a champion of individual rights as well as for its overt hostility to any form of group rights. Linguistic pluralism in the public sphere is rejected for fear of babelization and Balkanization of the country. Over recent decades the Conseil Constitutionnel (CC) has, together with the Conseil d’État, remained arguably the strongest defender of this Jacobin ideal in France. In this article, I will discuss the role of France’s restrictive language policy through the prism of the CC’s jurisprudence. Overall, I will argue that the CC made reference to the (Jacobin) state-nation concept, a concept that is discussed in the first part of the paper, in order to fight the revival of regional languages in France over recent decades. The clause making French the official language in 1992 was functional to this policy. The intriguing aspect is that in France the CC managed to standardise France’s policy vis-à-vis regional and minority languages through its jurisprudence; an issue discussed in the second part of the paper. But in those regions with a stronger tradition of identity, particularly in the French overseas territories, the third part of the paper argues, normative reality has increasingly become under pressure. Therefore, a discrepancy between the ‘law in courts’ and the compliance with these decisions (‘law in action’) has been emerging over recent years. Amid some signs of opening of France to minorities, this contradiction delineates a trend that might well continue in future.

Horseflies and athericids (Diptera: Tabanidae, Athericidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Transbaikalia

New taxa of tabanids and athericids are described from the Lower Cretaceous deposits of England and Transbaikalia. The relationships of new genera to the Recent Athericidae and Recent and fossil Rhagionidae are discussed. Atherix sauneri Theobald, 1937 from the Oligocene of France is removed from the family Athericidae.

Holocene palaeoenvironmental history and the impact of prehistoric salt production in the Seille Valley, Eastern France

The Seille Valley in eastern France was home to one of Europe’s largest Iron Age salt industries. Sedimentology, palynology and geochronology have been integrated within ongoing archaeological investigations to reconstruct the Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Seille Valley and to elucidate the human–environment relationship of salt production. A sedimentary model of the valley has been constructed from a borehole survey of the floodplain and pollen analyses have been undertaken to reconstruct the vegetation history. Alluvial records have been successfully dated using optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon techniques, thereby providing a robust chronological framework. The results have provided an insight into the development of favourable conditions for salt production and there is evidence in the sedimentary record to suggest that salt production may have taken place during the mid-to-late Bronze Age. The latter has yet to be identified in the archaeological record and targeted excavation is therefore underway to test this finding. The development of the Iron Age industry had a major impact on the hydrological regime of the valley and its sedimentological history, with evidence for accelerated alluviation arising from floodplain erosion at salt production sites and modification of the local fluvial regime due to briquetage accumulation on the floodplain. This research provides an important insight into the environmental implications of early industrial activities, in addition to advancing knowledge about the Holocene palaeoenvironmental and social history of this previously poorly studied region of France.

The President above parties: a founding illusion of the Fifth Republic

De Gaulle, founder of the Fifth French Republic, cherished the notion that the president of the Republic could somehow stand above party politics. In many ways this belief shaped the early institutional configuration of the new Republic. Party politics, however, rapidly reached the presidency, especially with the move, under the constitutional reform of 1962, to direct election of the president. This article charts the development of France's 'political constitution' and the relationship between president and parties over the first decade of the Fifth Republic. It finds that although the presidency became the prime goal of party political competition, the (often dysfunctional) illusion of a head of state above politics continues to shape the behaviour and perceptions of French presidents.

The Liberal Way of War? French representations of the Allies, 1944-2008

This chapter looks at the ways in which Anglo-American participants in the Liberation of France have been represented in French narratives in the decades since the Second World War, through the developing French historiography of Allied participation in the War, and through the various roles assigned to the Allies in key postwar memorialisation ceremonies in France.