Understanding and investigating art : bringing the National Gallery into the art room.

Cumple con los requisitos del curriculo nacional inglés para la enseñanza del arte en la etapa de secundaria en cuanto que desarrolla en los estudiantes un enfoque riguroso en el análisis del trabajo de los artistas y en la comprensión de los más complejos términos y conceptos artísticos. Para ello, se estructura el contenido sobre temas universales en la historia del arte como son la figura humana, los paisajes, la flora y la fauna, acontecimientos personales, sociales e históricos, lo fantástico y lo extraño y, la forma y significado de lo abstracto.

Noise exposure in the operating room

This paper discusses a study done to determine noise levels in operating rooms

High frequency audiometry: sound suite versus hospital room

This paper discusses a study to assess and compare frequency audiometric thresholds obtained under two listening environments--a sound suite and a typical hospital room.

Evaluation of noise levels experienced by medically fragile neonates during emergency helicopter transport

There was a concern medically fragile infants may be exposed to high noise levels during emergency helicopter transport. This study had been initiated in 2007. Data was collected using a Larson Davis noise dosimeter. The purpose of this study was to collect additional data to evaluate the noise exposure experienced by medically fragile neonates during emergency transport via helicopter inbound/outbound of St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO. The results suggested neonates may be exposed to noise levels ranging 85 to 95 dBA during transport. These high noise exposures may pose a risk to hearing.

Formulation of a live bacterial vaccine for stable room temperature storage results in loss of acid, bile and bile salt resistance

Live bacterial vaccines have great promise both as vaccines against enteric pathogens and as heterologous antigen vectors against diverse diseases. Ideally, room temperature stable dry formulations of live bacterial vaccines will allow oral vaccination without cold-chain storage or injections. Attenuated Salmonella can cross the intestinal wall and deliver replicating antigen plus innate immune activation signals directly to the intestinal immune tissues, however the ingested bacteria must survive firstly gastric acid and secondly the antimicrobial defences of the small intestine. We found that the way in which cells are grown prior to formulation markedly affects sensitivity to acid and bile. Using a previously published stable storage formulation that maintained over 10% viability after 56 days storage at room temperature, we found dried samples of an attenuated S. typhimurium vaccine lost acid and bile resistance compared to the same bacteria taken from fresh culture. The stable formulation utilised osmotic preconditioning in defined medium plus elevated salt concentration to induce intracellular trehalose accumulation before drying. Dried bacteria grown in rich media without osmotic preconditioning showed more resistance to bile, but less stability during storage, suggesting a trade-off between bile resistance and stability. Further optimization is needed to produce the ultimate room-temperature stable oral live bacterial vaccine formulation.