Estudio de la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen de la Denominaci��n de Origen ��Les Garrigues�� (Lleida) durante la campa��a 1995/96

Departamento de Tecnolog��a de Alimentos, Escuela T��cnica Superior de Ingenier��a Agraria, Universidad de Lleida. Centro UdL-IRTA. Avda. Alcalde Revira Roure, 177. 25198 Lleida, Espa��a. RESUMEN Estudio de la calidad del aceite de oliva virgen de la Denominaci��n de Origen ��Les Garrigues�� (Lleida) durante la campa��a 1995/96. La Denominaci��n de Origen ��Les Garrigues�� se sit��a en el extremo meridional de la provincia de Lleida. La gran mayor��a del aceite producido en esta D.O. corresponde a la categor��a de virgen extra y posee unas caracter��sticas organol��pticas muy peculiares, derivadas del fruto de origen, la variedad ��Arbequina�� y de su cuidada elaboraci��n. La aplicaci��n en la zona de modemas t��cnicas de cultivo del olivo y las nuevas tecnolog��as de extracci��n del aceite, hacen necesario un estudio de su composici��n en campa��as sucesivas, con el fin de determinar si la calidad se pudiera ver afectada. El presente trabajo se centra en la caracterizaci��n de los aceites producidos en la D.O. ��Les Garrigues�� durante la campa��a 1995/96. Los aceites obtenidos presentan un grado de acidez medio de 0.17%, ��ndice de per��xidos de 6.9 meq/kg de aceite y un K270 de 0.21, valores todos ellos dentro de los criterios de calidad que establece la Reglamentaci��n de la D.O. El contenido medio de polifenoles totales en el aceite es de 152 ppm, observ��ndose una gran variabilidad entre las almazaras muestreadas. La concentraci��n de clorofilas va de 15 mg/kg de aceite, al inicio de campa��a, a 6 mg/kg al final de la misma. La concentraci��n de carotenoides se reduce paralelamente, pasando de 12.6 a 4.6 mg/kg de aceite, al final de campa��a. El color, en base a la escala visual ABT y a las coordenadas CIELAB, se mantiene dentro de los tonos del amarillo y no presenta diferencias importantes entre aceites de principio y final de campa��a.

Graduale Aboense, k��sikirjoitusfragmentti - [1]

Loppuosa Pyh��n Sebastianuksen messusta sek�� Pyh��n Henrikin talvimessu, molemmat osin tekstialukkeina. Pyh��n Agneksen messun introitus.

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009 : analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25��7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75 000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems. FUNDING: Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (Toronto, Canada), Cancer Focus Northern Ireland (Belfast, UK), Cancer Institute New South Wales (Sydney, Australia), Cancer Research UK (London, UK), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), Swiss Re (London, UK), Swiss Cancer Research foundation (Bern, Switzerland), Swiss Cancer League (Bern, Switzerland), and University of Kentucky (Lexington, KY, USA).

Environmental Structural Decomposition Analysis of Italian Emissions, 1995-2005

[spa] El estudio analiza la evoluci��n de los gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y las emisiones de acidificaci��n para Italia durante el periodo 1995-2005. Los datos muestran que mientras las emisiones que contribuyen a la acidificaci��n han disminuido constantemente, las emisiones de GEI han aumentado debido al aumento de di��xido de carbono. El objetivo de este estudio es poner de relieve c��mo diferentes factores econ��micos, en particular el crecimiento econ��mico, el desarrollo de una tecnolog��a menos contaminante y la estructura del consumo, han impulsado la evoluci��n de las emisiones. La metodolog��a propuesta es un an��lisis de descomposici��n estructural (ADE), m��todo que permite descomponer los cambios de la variable de inter��s entre las diferentes fuerzas y revelar la importancia de cada factor. Por otra parte, este estudio considera la importancia del comercio internacional e intenta incluir el ���problema de la responsabilidad���. Es decir, a trav��s de las relaciones comerciales internacionales, un pa��s podr��a estar exportando procesos de producci��n contaminantes sin una reducci��n real de la contaminaci��n impl��cita en su patr��n de consumo. Con este fin, siguiendo primero un enfoque basado en la ���responsabilidad del productor���, el ADE se aplica a las emisiones causadas por la producci��n nacional. Sucesivamente, el an��lisis se mueve hacia un enfoque basado en la ���responsabilidad del consumidor" y la descomposici��n se aplica a las emisiones relacionadas con la producci��n nacional o la producci��n extranjera que satisface la demanda interna. De esta manera, el ejercicio permite una primera comprobaci��n de la importancia del comercio internacional y pone de relieve algunos resultados a nivel global y a nivel sectorial.