A responsabilidade enunciativa em artigos científicos de pesquisadores iniciantes e contribuições para o ensino da produção textual na graduação

This thesis investigates materialization strategies of non-assumption of enunciation responsibility and inscription of an authorial voice in scientific articles produced by initial researchers in Linguistics. The specific focus lays on identify, describe and interpret: i) linguistics marks that assign enunciation responsibility; ii) the positions taken by the first speaker-enunciator (L1/E1) in relation to points of view (PoV) imputed to second enunciators (e2); and iii) the linguistic marks that assign the formulation of themselves' PoV. As a practical deployment, it is proposed to discuss how to teach taking into account text discursive strategies regarding to enunciation responsibility and also authorship in academic and scientific texts. Our research corpus is formed by eight scientific essays and they were selected in a renamed Linguistics scientific magazine which is high evaluated by Qualis/CAPES (Brazil Science Agency). The methodology follows the assumptions of a qualitative research, and an it has such an interpretative basis, even though it takes support in a quantitative approach, too. Theoretically, we based this research on Textual Analysis of Speech and linguistics theories about linguistic enunciation area. The results show two kinds of movements in PoV management: imputation and responsibility. In imputation contexts, the most recursive linguistic marks were reported speech, indirect speech, reported speech with “that”, modalization in reported speech (in enunciation with “according to”, “in agreement with”, “for”), beyond that we see certain points of non-coincidences of speech, specifically the non-coincidence of the speech itself. The way those linguistic marks occur in the text point out three kinds of enunciation positions that are assumed by L1/E1 in relation to PoV of e2: agreement, disagreement and a pseudo neutrality. It was clearly recursive the imputation followed by agreement (explicit or not), this perspective puts other’s voices to defend a speech assumed like own authorship. In speech responsibility contexts, we observed such a formulation of inner PoV that results from theoretical findings undertaken by novice researchers (revealing how he/she interpreted concepts of the theory) or arising from their research data, allowing them to express with more autonomy and without reporting to speeches from e2. Based on those data, we can say that, in text by initial researchers, the authorship is strongly built upon PoV and also dependent from others' words (theory and the scholars quoted there), taking into account that many contexts in which we can observe agreement position, PoV formulations with words taken from e2 and assumed as own words by syntactic integration, the comments about what the other says, the absence of explanations and additions, as well as a data analysis that could show agreement with the theory used to support the work. These results allow us to visualize how initial researcher dialogs with the theoretical enunciation sources he or she takes as support and how he/she displays the status of a subject doing a research and positioning himself/herself as a researcher/author in the scientific field. In assuming the reported speech, when quoting, as a resource that allows the enunciation responsibility and also when doing evidence to the positions of speaker-enunciator in relation do reported PoV, this suggests to a textual-discursive treatment of quoting in academic and scientific text, in a context of teaching that gives attention to the development of communication skills of initial researcher and that can contribute to insert and interact students in the scientific field.

A compreensão de reação química como um sistema complexo a partir da discussão dos erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino médio

The study of chemical reactions is among the most important contents to the understanding of Chemistry discipline in basic education. However, there are still few studies about chemical reactions as a complex system because, generally, this content is presented in textbooks, taught and even researched in a fragmented form. The thesis here presented aims to investigate, identify and characterize the mistakes and learning difficulties of the students about chemical reactions as a complex system, using for that purpose the analysis of the answers of 126 exams of candidates for the bachelor’s degree in Chemistry Teaching on the entrance exam for the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The mistakes and learning difficulties about the parameters ΔG°, Kp, Ea and of the calculation of the amount of substance in a chemical reaction have been identified, as well as the levels of development of the ability to interpret the chemical reaction as a system. The main theoretical source of this study is structured based on the mistakes and learning difficulties (NÚÑEZ, RAMALHO, 2012), of the chemical reactions as complex systems (NÚÑEZ, 1994; RESHETOVA, 1988; SANDERSON, 1968). As methodology, it was prioritized the analysis of the answers to the exams and the interview with the teachers. The results showed typical mistakes in the study of this subject, especially low levels and skill development. No student was able to integrate the different aspects in the systemic understanding of the chemical reaction. From the interviews with Chemistry teachers from High School, it was determined the reasons the teachers assign to those mistakes and learning difficulties. The interviews revealed that the teachers do not work in the perspective of integration of the contents which leads the students to present difficulties and make mistakes related to the content previously mentioned. The study presents a proposal for the organization of the contents of Chemistry discipline for High School as a possibility of a dialectic systemic integration of contents, understanding that this systematic vision, leads to important contributions to the development of the theoretical thinking of the students. We can mention as one of the conclusions of this study, the fact that the non-systemic organization of contents do not favor this kind of thinking in students.

A produção textual no ensino fundamental: processo de retextualização com o gênero memórias

Teaching Portuguese language in Brazilian public schools is still limited mostly to studying decontextualized text fragments, memorizing classifications and cult of grammar rules. Considering the language as a social, cultural practice which emerges from the intersubjective interaction, we sought to propose an educational intervention that prioritizes the retextualization processes from speech to the writing of memoirs as a textual genre, so as to contribute for improving learner’s discursive performances. Therefore, paying attention to these concerns and in attempt to contribute for improving the teaching of Portuguese language in elementary school, we chose as privileged locus a 9th grade class from a state school in Bento Fernandes, RN. The corpus is formed by texts produced and retextualized by students from the elders’ oral reports within local community. We sought thus to understand what memory is, its importance for registering local spoken language and culture, as much as to carry out didactic actions that favor students’ learning in the activities of textual production. In light of the theoretical overviews about linguistic-discursive relations, based on Marcuschi’s (1993, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010) conception of oralitiy-writing continuum and the debates proposed by Antunes (2003, 2014), Alves Filho (2011), Koch (2012) and Bakhtin (1992, 2011), we aimed to understand, by analyzing the retextualized memoirs, how these practices complement each other within the process of orality and writing. As for the proposal of didactic sequences, the study has been oriented by Dolz and Scheneuely (2004); as for the memoirs, by the guidelines of Coracine and Ghiraldelo (2011) and Le Goff (2010, 2013). In this way, this work followed the action-research methodology in a qualitative approach, considering the teacher (researcher) as an active agent involved in the process of knowledge production in his own educational practice, so as to interfere in the mediation, knowledge production and its dissemination in classroom context, which is the privileged locus for constructing and transforming process. There is much to be research within the area of retextualization. Yet we verified that this educational intervention, based on discursive operators of retextualization, has been proven viable as an efficient path so that we teachers can work the peculiarities of usages and functions of textual genres in oral and written modalities of a language, without grasping both as a dichotomy. This accredited us to strengthen a discourse that undoes many myths still present in that order, especially the one that causes more damage for the learners of Portuguese language – that writing is a representation of speech.

Content-aware compression for big textual data analysis

A substantial amount of information on the Internet is present in the form of text. The value of this semi-structured and unstructured data has been widely acknowledged, with consequent scientific and commercial exploitation. The ever-increasing data production, however, pushes data analytic platforms to their limit. This thesis proposes techniques for more efficient textual big data analysis suitable for the Hadoop analytic platform. This research explores the direct processing of compressed textual data. The focus is on developing novel compression methods with a number of desirable properties to support text-based big data analysis in distributed environments. The novel contributions of this work include the following. Firstly, a Content-aware Partial Compression (CaPC) scheme is developed. CaPC makes a distinction between informational and functional content in which only the informational content is compressed. Thus, the compressed data is made transparent to existing software libraries which often rely on functional content to work. Secondly, a context-free bit-oriented compression scheme (Approximated Huffman Compression) based on the Huffman algorithm is developed. This uses a hybrid data structure that allows pattern searching in compressed data in linear time. Thirdly, several modern compression schemes have been extended so that the compressed data can be safely split with respect to logical data records in distributed file systems. Furthermore, an innovative two layer compression architecture is used, in which each compression layer is appropriate for the corresponding stage of data processing. Peripheral libraries are developed that seamlessly link the proposed compression schemes to existing analytic platforms and computational frameworks, and also make the use of the compressed data transparent to developers. The compression schemes have been evaluated for a number of standard MapReduce analysis tasks using a collection of real-world datasets. In comparison with existing solutions, they have shown substantial improvement in performance and significant reduction in system resource requirements.

‘The voice speaking, desired, awaited’: Jack Lindsay’s 1649, Textual Form and Communist Historiography

This article examines the 1938 historical novel 1649: A Novel of a Year by the Anglo-Australian communist polymath Jack Lindsay in the context of the politics of the Popular Front, and identifies the aesthetic and historiographic debates questions that inform Lindsay’s inventive rendition of the historical novel. The novel may be considered in light of what Lindsay later called his desire ‘to use the novel to revive revolutionary traditions’, as well as his ‘struggle to achieve an understanding of the Novel while writing novels’. Lindsay’s novel figures a reality becoming prosaic: it reproduces contemporary textual sources – tracts, pamphlets, newspapers – as part of its meditation on a nascent print culture whose products circulate in processes that mirror the increasingly conspicuous flow of commodities. In this sense, the novel offers a marxist reflection on its own conditions of possibility in emergent bourgeois culture, as well as intervening in the vexed question of the Civil War as a ‘bourgeois revolution’. The novel however seeks to capture a dialectical method of representing the revolution that acknowledges defeat while rearticulating the utopian content of the defeated radicals, a practice integral to Lindsay’s vision of popular history as a transhistorical dialogue. That utopian content is transmitted through two forms: popular song, which acts to supplement political writing; and the heroic portrayal of the Leveller John Lilburne on trial, whose conduct exemplifies praxis conceived as a unity of word, thought and action.

Estructura formal, textual y oral del discurso público

Estructura formal, textual y oral del discurso públicoExisten tres competencias comunicativas muy valoradas en la sociedad de la información. Primero, la búsqueda, selección y gestión de grandes cantidades de información. Segundo, la redacción de textos claros, concisos y rigurosos. Y en tercer lugar, la exposición y defensa oral de esta información en un discurso público. Tradicionalmente, los estudios de periodismo han abordado estas competencias de forma independiente. Pero actualmente, instituciones y empresas de ámbitos diferentes demandan un perfil profesional capaz de aplicarlas ante cualquier tipo de información y con objetivos diversos. Se propone un modelo integral en tres niveles estructurales basado en teorías, conceptos y estudios específicos de periodismo, oratoria, retórica… o comunicación, en los últimos años. Este modelo puede contribuir a encauzar las investigaciones de académicos y representa una herramienta de entrenamiento para profesionales.

Blogueros latinoamericanos, los creativos culturales de inicios del siglo XXI

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la producción textual, la identidad blog y las prácticas sociales a partir de la sistematización de relatos escritos por bloggers latinoamericanos desde una perspectiva de la fenomenología tecnológica. Planteamos una discusión sobre la comprensión de prácticas sociotécnicas y significados de las experiencias humanas que bloggers latinoamericanos debaten a partir de sus posicionamientos políticos, económicos, éticos, sociales y culturales. Son “Creativos Culturales” del siglo XXI, debido a que escriben desde sus contextos, reflexionan las experiencias y cotidianidades de sus sociedades desde la red como ejercicio para la comprender el presente de Latinoamericana y su lugar en el mundo global. 

Newcomer Integration in Online Knowledge Communities: Exploring the Role of Dialogic Textual Complexity

Using online knowledge communities (OKCs) as informal learning environments poses the question how likely these will integrate newcomers as peripheral participants. Previous research has identified surface characteristics of the OKC dialog as integrativity predictors. Yet, little is known about the role of dialogic textual complexity. This contribution proposes a comprehensive approach based on previously validated textual complexity indexes and applies it to predict OKC integrativity. The dialog analysis of N = 14 blogger communities with a total of 1937 participants identified three main components of textual complexity: dialog participation, structure and cohesion. From these, dialog cohesion was higher in integrative OKCs, thus significantly predicting OKC integrativity. This result adds to previous OKC research by uncovering the depth of OKC discourse. For educational practice, the study suggests a way of empowering learners by automatically assessing the integrativity of OKCs in which they may attempt to participate and access community knowledge.

Predicting Student Performance and Differences in Learning Styles based on Textual Complexity Indices applied on Blog and Microblog Posts

Social media tools are increasingly popular in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning and the analysis of students' contributions on these tools is an emerging research direction. Previous studies have mainly focused on examining quantitative behavior indicators on social media tools. In contrast, the approach proposed in this paper relies on the actual content analysis of each student's contributions in a learning environment. More specifically, in this study, textual complexity analysis is applied to investigate how student's writing style on social media tools can be used to predict their academic performance and their learning style. Multiple textual complexity indices are used for analyzing the blog and microblog posts of 27 students engaged in a project-based learning activity. The preliminary results of this pilot study are encouraging, with several indexes predictive of student grades and/or learning styles.

Audiovisual Storytelling and Ideological Horizons : Audiences, Cultural Contexts and Extra-textual Meaning Making

Abstract: Audiovisual Storytelling and Ideological Horizons: Audiences, Cultural Contexts and Extra-textual Meaning Making In a society characterized by mediatization people are to an increasing degree dependent on mediated narratives as a primary means by which we make sense of our experience through time and our place in society (Hoover 2006, Lynch 2007, Hjarvard 2008, Hjarvard & Lövheim 2012). American media scholar Stewart Hoover points to symbols and scripts available in the media environment, what he call the “symbolic inventory” out of which individuals make religious or spiritual meaning (Hoover 2006: 55). Vernacular meaning-making embedded in everyday life among viewers’ dealing with fiction narratives in films and tv-series highlight a need for a more nuanced understanding of complex audiovisual storytelling. Moving images provide individuals with stories by which reality is maintained and by which humans construct ordered micro-universes for themselves using film as a resource for moral assessment and ideological judgments about life (Plantinga 2009, Johnston 2010, Axelson 2015). Important in this theoretical context are perspectives on viewers’ moral frameworks (Zillman 2005, Andersson & Andersson 2005, Frampton 2006, Avila 2007).This paper presentation will focus on ideological contested meaning making where audiences of different cultural background engage emotionally with filmic narratives, possibly eliciting ideological and spiritual meaning-making related to viewers’ personal world views. Through the example of the Homeland tv-series I want to discuss how spectators’ cultural, religious, political and ideological identities could be understood playing a role in the interpretative process of decoding content. Is it possible to trace patterns of different receptions of the multilayered and ambiguous story depicted in Homeland by religiously engaged Christians and Moslems as well as non-believers, in America, Europe and Middle East? How is the fiction narrative dealt with by spectators in the audience in different cultural contexts and how is it interpreted through the process of extra-text evaluation and real world2understanding in a global era preoccupied with war on terror? The presentation will also discuss methodological considerations about how to reach out to audiences anchored in different cultural context.

A integração e compreensão do desenho na modelação 3D : enquadramento académico

Na medida em que os produtos e os processos de criação são cada vez mais mediados digitalmente, existe uma reflexão recente acerca da relação entre as imagens e as ferramentas usadas para a sua produção. A relação natural e estreita entre a dimensão conceptual e a dimensão física abre a discussão ao nível da semântica e dos processos da projetação e manipulação das imagens, nas quais estão naturalmente incluídas as ferramentas CAD. Tendo o desenho um papel inequívoco e fundamental no exercício da projetação e da modelação 3D é pertinente perceber a relação e a articulação entre estas duas ferramentas. Reconhecendo o desenho como uma ferramenta de domínio físico capaz de expressar o pensamento que opera a transformação de concepções abstratas em concepções concretas, reconhecê-lo refletido na dimensão virtual através de um software CAD 3D não é trivial, já que este, na generalidade, é processado através de um pensamento cujo contexto é distante da materialidade. Metodologicamente, abordaremos esta questão procurando a verificação da hipótese através de uma proposta de exercício prático que procura avaliar o efeito que as imagens analógicas poderão ter sobre o reconhecimento e operatividade da ferramenta Blender num enquadramento académico. Pretende-se, pois, perceber como o desenho analógico pode integrar o processo de modelação 3D e qual a relação que mantém com quem elas opera. A articulação do desenho com as ferramentas de produção de design, especificamente CAD 3D, permitirá compreender na especialidade a articulação entre ferramentas de diferentes naturezas tanto no processo da projetação quanto na criação de artefactos visuais. Assim como poderá lançar a discussão acerca das estratégias pedagógicas de ensino do desenho e do 3D num curso de Design.

A potencialidade do PROEJA: histórias dos estudantes evadidos do IFRS Câmpus Rio Grande

A presente investigação situa-se na área da integração da Educação Profissional com Educação Básica na Modalidade de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA) e busca a compreensão das vivências dos estudantes do curso no Câmpus Rio Grande que integra o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS-RG). Faz parte também dos objetivos identificar as contribuições do curso para a socialização desses estudantes e os significados atribuídos ao curso. Em função da elevada taxa de evasão, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com estudantes que não concluíram o curso. A hermenêutica filosófica constitui-se na epistemologia que ancora teoricamente a abordagem metodológica. A Análise Textual Discursiva foi a metodologia qualitativa adotada para a análise do material empírico constituído centralmente pelas histórias contadas pelos estudantes. Eles contam sua passagem pelo PROEJA, desde o ingresso até a sua evasão. Foram produzidos dados quantitativos além de levantamentos para conhecer o contexto da trajetória escolar dos estudantes. Esses elementos subsidiaram a análise qualitativa das informações. Como resultados foram encontradas: uma taxa de evasão geral da ordem de 57%. Nos dois primeiros módulos ocorreu 87 % de toda a evasão do curso. Em todo o período de oferecimento do curso, ou seja sete anos, apenas três estudantes concluíram o mesmo. Pela análise qualitativa, emergiram cinco categorias que tratam: a) do ingresso no PROEJA e dos desencontros nesse processo; b) do estudante com suas peculiaridades, dificuldades e significados; c) do ser professor no PROEJA; d) do curso pelo viés da formação integrada; e) dos componentes constituintes da evasão. Como conclusões a pesquisa aponta para a inadequação do curso em seus diversos aspectos. Reforça que a construção curricular adaptada de um curso existente foi um equívoco. A formação dos professores e gestores promoveu a proposta de um curso repleto de contradições. Mesmo com todos os distanciamentos, o curso promoveu um ensino de qualidade na formação humana e por isso os estudantes desenvolveram sentimentos positivos quanto ao curso. Promoveu os estudantes a novas oportunidades na sua vida social, inclusive com ingresso na universidade. A tese geral aponta para a potencialidade do PROEJA do Câmpus Rio Grande, na transformação da realidade do sujeito, apesar do alto índice de evasão e da inadequação do curso.

Ensino da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem na formação em nível técnico: típico ideal de docentes

Introdução: A Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) é reconhecida enquanto metodologia organizadora do trabalho da enfermagem. Todavia, apesar de ter sua obrigatoriedade no Brasil instituída pelo Conselho Federal de Enfermagem, sua consolidação ainda é inconsistente. Nesse contexto se reconhece que uma possibilidade de avanço para a implementação da SAE constitui o aspecto formativo da equipe de enfermagem, sobretudo dos técnicos de enfermagem, classe que costuma ser esquecida quando se aborda a SAE (Cruz & Almeida, 2010; Salvador & Santos, 2013). Objetivos: Desvelar a tipificação de docentes sobre o ensino da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em nível técnico. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram sete docentes do Curso Técnico em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em fevereiro de 2015, a partir da técnica do grupo focal. As falas foram transcritas e o conteúdo textual decorrente das entrevistas foi submetido à análise lexicográfica, com auxílio do software Interface de R pour Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionneires (IRAMUTEQ). A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir do referencial teórico de Alfred Schutz (2012). Os preceitos éticos foram atendidos. Resultados: Participaram sete docentes com formação mínima de mestrado, experientes no ensino técnico. Por meio da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, cinco classes advieram das três partições de conteúdo. As classes 1 e 2 denotaram por um lado experiências e possibilidades que afirmam a necessidade de inserir a SAE no nível técnico e por outro dúvidas quanto ao momento certo para este ensino. As classes 3 e 4 elucidaram os motivos-porque ensinar a SAE aos técnicos de enfermagem, ao destacar que os docentes devem enfrentar os receios em busca de alternativas para que o ensino da SAE em nível técnico se consolide, a partir da reflexão acerca do papel da universidade na mudança da prática e na superação da cisão entre o fazer e o pensar no mundo da vida da enfermagem. A classe 5 possibilitou a compreensão dos motivos-para ensinar a SAE em nível técnico, com destaque para as contribuições que o técnico de enfermagem pode efetivar ao se integrar à SAE. Conclusões: Os docentes do curso técnico de enfermagem tipificam a importância de efetivar o ensino da SAE aos técnicos de enfermagem. Para tanto, enfatizam a necessidade de incluir tal temática na formação em nível técnico. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que denotam dúvidas e receios em não saber como e quando efetivar o ensino da SAE aos técnicos de enfermagem, refletem acerca das possibilidades e necessidade de consolidar tal ensino.