Extensões na arquitetura SDN para o provisionamento de QoS através do monitoramento e uso de múltiplos caminhos

The substantial increase in the number of applications offered through the computer networks, as well as in the volume of traffic forwarded through the network, have hampered to assure adequate service level to users. The Quality of Service (QoS) offer, honoring specified parameters in Service Level Agreements (SLA), established between the service providers and their clients, composes a traditional and extensive computer networks’ research area. Several schemes proposals for the provision of QoS were presented in the last three decades, but the acting scope of these proposals is always limited due to some factors, including the limited development of the network hardware and software, generally belonging to a single manufacturer. The advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN), along with the maturation of its main materialization, the OpenFlow protocol, allowed the decoupling between network hardware and software, through an architecture which provides a control plane and a data plane. This eases the computer networks scenario, allowing that new abstractions are applied in the hardware composing the data plane, through the development of new software pieces which are executed in the control plane. This dissertation investigates the QoS offer through the use and extension of the SDN architecture. Based on the proposal of two new modules, one to perform the data plane monitoring, SDNMon, and the second, MP-ROUTING, developed to determine the use of multiple paths in the forwarding of data referring to a flow, we demonstrated in this work that some QoS metrics specified in the SLAs, such as bandwidth, can be honored. Both modules were implemented and evaluated through a prototype. The evaluation results referring to several aspects of both proposed modules are presented in this dissertation, showing the obtained accuracy of the monitoring module SDNMon and the QoS gains due to the utilization of multiple paths defined by the MP-Routing, when forwarding data flow through the SDN.

Ann Mentor, owner of P.R. Firm in New York

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Women's bank

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

An Epistemic Event-based Correlation Scheme for Pervasive Network Management

Computer networks produce tremendous amounts of event-based data that can be collected and managed to support an increasing number of new classes of pervasive applications. Examples of such applications are network monitoring and crisis management. Although the problem of distributed event-based management has been addressed in the non-pervasive settings such as the Internet, the domain of pervasive networks has its own characteristics that make these results non-applicable. Many of these applications are based on time-series data that possess the form of time-ordered series of events. Such applications also embody the need to handle large volumes of unexpected events, often modified on-the-fly, containing conflicting information, and dealing with rapidly changing contexts while producing results with low-latency. Correlating events across contextual dimensions holds the key to expanding the capabilities and improving the performance of these applications. This dissertation addresses this critical challenge. It establishes an effective scheme for complex-event semantic correlation. The scheme examines epistemic uncertainty in computer networks by fusing event synchronization concepts with belief theory. Because of the distributed nature of the event detection, time-delays are considered. Events are no longer instantaneous, but duration is associated with them. Existing algorithms for synchronizing time are split into two classes, one of which is asserted to provide a faster means for converging time and hence better suited for pervasive network management. Besides the temporal dimension, the scheme considers imprecision and uncertainty when an event is detected. A belief value is therefore associated with the semantics and the detection of composite events. This belief value is generated by a consensus among participating entities in a computer network. The scheme taps into in-network processing capabilities of pervasive computer networks and can withstand missing or conflicting information gathered from multiple participating entities. Thus, this dissertation advances knowledge in the field of network management by facilitating the full utilization of characteristics offered by pervasive, distributed and wireless technologies in contemporary and future computer networks.

Distributed parallelization of greedy Mobile Network Optimization algorithms

The Mobile Network Optimization (MNO) technologies have advanced at a tremendous pace in recent years. And the Dynamic Network Optimization (DNO) concept emerged years ago, aimed to continuously optimize the network in response to variations in network traffic and conditions. Yet, DNO development is still at its infancy, mainly hindered by a significant bottleneck of the lengthy optimization runtime. This paper identifies parallelism in greedy MNO algorithms and presents an advanced distributed parallel solution. The solution is designed, implemented and applied to real-life projects whose results yield a significant, highly scalable and nearly linear speedup up to 6.9 and 14.5 on distributed 8-core and 16-core systems respectively. Meanwhile, optimization outputs exhibit self-consistency and high precision compared to their sequential counterpart. This is a milestone in realizing the DNO. Further, the techniques may be applied to similar greedy optimization algorithm based applications.

A green perspective on Structured parallel programming

Structured parallel programming, and in particular programming models using the algorithmic skeleton or parallel design pattern concepts, are increasingly considered to be the only viable means of supporting effective development of scalable and efficient parallel programs. Structured parallel programming models have been assessed in a number of works in the context of performance. In this paper we consider how the use of structured parallel programming models allows knowledge of the parallel patterns present to be harnessed to address both performance and energy consumption. We consider different features of structured parallel programming that may be leveraged to impact the performance/energy trade-off and we discuss a preliminary set of experiments validating our claims.

The Loop-of-Stencil-Reduce Paradigm

In this paper we advocate the Loop-of-stencil-reduce pattern as a way to simplify the parallel programming of heterogeneous platforms (multicore+GPUs). Loop-of-Stencil-reduce is general enough to subsume map, reduce, map-reduce, stencil, stencil-reduce, and, crucially, their usage in a loop. It transparently targets (by using OpenCL) combinations of CPU cores and GPUs, and it makes it possible to simplify the deployment of a single stencil computation kernel on different GPUs. The paper discusses the implementation of Loop-of-stencil-reduce within the FastFlow parallel framework, considering a simple iterative data-parallel application as running example (Game of Life) and a highly effective parallel filter for visual data restoration to assess performance. Thanks to the high-level design of the Loop-of-stencil-reduce, it was possible to run the filter seamlessly on a multicore machine, on multi-GPUs, and on both.

On Multi- Server Queues With Consultation With Main Server

Queueing Theory is the mathematical study of queues or waiting lines. Queues abound in every day life - in computer networks, in tra c islands, in communication of electro-magnetic signals, in telephone exchange, in bank counters, in super market checkouts, in doctor's clinics, in petrol pumps, in o ces where paper works to be processed and many other places. Originated with the published work of A. K. Erlang in 1909 [16] on congestion in telephone tra c, Queueing Theory has grown tremendously in a century. Its wide range applications includes Operations Research, Computer Science, Telecommunications, Tra c Engineering, Reliability Theory, etc.

Ferramentas para adequação das linhas de pesquisa de intitutos de pesquisa: o exemplo do IPEN

Tese (Doutoramento)

A influência política na gestão das empresas estatais à luz do direito fundamental à boa administração e da governança corporativa e pública

This study is dedicated to explain the extent to which political influence in the management of state-owned enterprises can be considered legitimate in the light of the fundamental right to good governance and corporate and public governance, for which was undertaken bibliographical and documentary research guided by the deductive method of work, in which were investigated and presented concepts and issues relating to the State, Government, politics, Public Administration, constitutional principles of Public Administration, the fundamental right to good administration, corporate and public governance and state enterprises. Based on the assumptions found in the works and consulted laws it was possible to conclude that the political influence in state-owned enterprises management can be considered legitimate in the light of the fundamental right to good governance if it promotes the public interest and the public purposes achievement, effectively, efficiently and if it preserves the citizens' rights and the principles and rules that make up the legal framework for public administration; and can be considered legitimate in the light of corporate and public governance to the extent that, in a transparent manner and according to the relevant rules, it seeks not the private benefit of politicians, but to promote the public interest or, in other words, the increase of public value produced by them, while protecting and guaranteeing the rights of its stakeholders and shareholders.

Portfolios, departments and agencies : tinkering with the machinery-of-government map

Modelo de negocio para una aplicación interactiva móvil de publicidad de locales comerciales en centros comerciales de la ciudad de Medellín

Este documento contiene los resultados de una investigación para estructurar un modelo de negocio para una aplicación interactiva móvil de publicidad para locales comerciales de los centros comerciales de la ciudad de Medellín -- Una vez identificadas las necesidades de los clientes de los centros comerciales de ubicarse dentro de los mismos y de acceder a información de interés, como ubicación de baños, seguridad, etc., desde su teléfono celular, surge también la oportunidad de ofrecer publicidad digital móvil a los locales comerciales para que puedan atraer a sus consumidores, tras informar de las promociones, eventos y ofertas que tienen para sus clientes -- Esto se resolvió con un modelo de negocio construido según la metodología Lean Startup de Eric Ries y con la ayuda del lienzo Canvas de Alex Osterwalder, en el que se analizan el segmento de clientes, la propuesta de valor por entregar a usuarios, la monetización del negocio, los recursos necesarios para su consecución, las alianzas clave y demás ítems que hicieron posible una investigación de mercado profunda, que se vio plasmada en una aplicación móvil de publicidad digital que integra las características del modelo de negocio realizado -- Con la ayuda de Ruta N y de NXTPLabs e investigación realizada por el autor se analizaron los conceptos básicos de estrategia, modelo de negocio y tipos y herramientas aplicables al proyecto; también se acudió a investigación cualitativa a través de entrevistas y encuestas a los actores más significativos del modelo de negocio como son usuarios, locales comerciales, centros comerciales, mentores entre otros, que supieron compartir su experiencia para lograr los objetivos del presente trabajo de grado

Yrittäjän sosiaalisten verkostojen muodostuminen, niihin vaikuttavat tekijät, niiden rakenne ja merkitys yrittäjälle

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kuinka yrittäjän verkostot muodostuvat ja minkälainen niiden rakenne on. Tavoitteena oli myös saada tietoa yrittäjän sosiaalisten verkostojen merkityksestä yrittäjälle. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin strukturoidulla haastattelulla ja tutkimusaineiston rinnalla käytettiin yrittäjien havainnollistamia piirroksia sekä tieteellisiä julkaisuja ja kirjallisuutta. Haastateltavina oli sekä nais- että miesyrittäjiä eri paikkakunnilta Etelä-Suomen alueelta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan yrittäjien verkostoissa voidaan havaita eri tasoja, jotka rakentuvat eri tavoilla ja ovat yrittäjälle merkitykseltään erilaisia. Verkoston eri tasoille sijoittuu yrittäjälle tärkeitä ihmisiä sen mukaan mitä hyötyä ja arvoa heillä yrittäjälle on. Tulokset osoittavat, että verkostojen rakentamiseen vaikuttavat sekä liiketoiminnan laatu, motiivit sekä yrittäjän persoona. Tulokset ovat linjassa tämän tutkimuksen perustana olevien teorioiden kanssa. Viitteitä löytyy myös siitä, että yrittäjän sukupuolella on myös merkitystä siihen, millaiseksi sosiaaliset verkostot rakentuvat sekä henkilökohtaisessa elämässä että liike-elämän puolella. Sosiaalisista verkostoista saatavat hyödyt ovat moninaisia. Lisätutkimuksia tulisi tehdä tehokkaiden työkalujen kehittämiseksi henkilöstön ja yrittäjän omien resurssien tunnistamiseksi. Tätä kautta myös yrittäjyyskasvatusta ja yrittäjäneuvontaa voitaisiin tehostaa.

An examination of factors that influence entrepreneurial intention of high school students in Kenya

Abstract Considerable research has been carried out on entrepreneurship in efforts to understand its incidence in order to influence and maximize its benefits. Essentially, researchers and policy makers have sought to understand the link between individuals and business creation: Why some people start businesses while others do not. The research indicates that personality traits, individual background factors and association of entrepreneurship with career choice and small business enterprises, cannot sufficiently explain entrepreneurship. It is recognized that entrepreneurship is an intentional process and based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior, the most defining characteristic of entrepreneurship is the intention to start a business. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine factors that influence entrepreneurial intention in high school students in Kenya. Specifically, the study aimed at determining if there were relationships between the perceptions of desirability, and feasibility of entrepreneurship with entrepreneurial intention of the students, identifying any difference in these perceptions with students of different backgrounds, and developing a model to predict entrepreneurship in the students. The study, therefore, tested how well Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior applied in the Kenyan situation. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 969 final year high school students at a critical important point in their career decision making. Participants were selected using a combined convenience and random sampling technique, considering gender, rural/urban location, cost, and accessibility. Survey was the major method of data collection. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, correlation, ANOVA, factor analysis, effect size, and regression analysis. iii The findings of this study corroborate results from past studies. Attitudes are found to influence intention, and the attitudes to be moderated by individual background factors. Perceived personal desirability of entrepreneurship was found to have the greatest influence on entrepreneurial intention and perceived feasibility the lowest. The study findings also showed that perceived social desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship contributed to perception of personal desirability, and that the background factors, including gender and prior experience, influenced entrepreneurial intention both directly and indirectly. In addition, based on the literature reviewed, the study finds that entrepreneurship promotion requires reduction of the high small business mortality rate and creation of both entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial opportunities (Kruger, 2000; Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). These findings have theoretical and practical implications for researchers, policy makers, teachers, and other entrepreneurship practitioners in Kenya.