Are Teeth Close to the Cleft More Susceptible to Periodontal Disease?

Objective: To evaluate whether teeth close to the cleft area present higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than teeth in other regions. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Sao Paulo. Patients: There were 400 Individuals with complete unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 49 years, without any previous periodontal treatment. Main Outcome Measures: All clinical parameters were evaluated in six sites for each tooth. The arithmetic means were calculated for each sextant. Results: Of the sextants, 86.75% presented means of probing depth smaller than or equal to 3 mm. No sextant exhibited means of probing depth greater than or equal to 6 mm. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .001) in probing depth according to age, types of cleft, and sextant; 95.87% of sextants presented mean attachment levels smaller than or equal to 3 mm, The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and gingival index. There was gingival bleeding in 99.08% of the sample and plaque In 97.40%. The type of cleft was not an Important factor Influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Age seems to be an Important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease for all aspects Investigated. Conclusions: Periodontal disease In individuals with clefts occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of the cleft does not seem to Increase the prevalence of the disease.

Effect of 2% Chlorhexidine Digluconate on the Bond Strength to Normal Versus Caries-affected Dentin

This study evaluated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) used as a therapeutic primer on the long-term bond strengths of two etch-and-rinse adhesives to normal (ND) and caries-affected (CAD) dentin. Forty extracted human molars with coronal carious lesions, surrounded by normal dentin, were selected for this study. The flat surfaces of two types of dentin (ND and CAD) were prepared with a water-cooled high-speed diamond disc, then acidetched, rinsed and air-dried. In the control groups, the dentin was re-hydrated with distilled water, blot-dried and bonded with a three-step (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose-MP) or two-step (Single Bond 2-SB) etch-and-rinse adhesive. In the experimental groups, the dentin was rehydrated with 2% CHX (60 seconds), blot-dried and bonded with the same adhesives. Resin composite build-ups were made. The specimens were prepared for microtensile bond testing in accordance with the non-trimming technique, then tested either immediately or after six-months storage in artificial saliva. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/Bonferroni tests (alpha=0.05). CHX did not affect the immediate bond strength to ND or CAD (p>0.05). CHX treatment significantly lowered the loss of bond strength after six months as seen in the control bonds for ND (p<0.05), but it did not alter the bond strength of CAD (p>0.05). The application of NIP on CHX-treated ND or CAD produced bonds that did not change over six months of storage.

Association between breastfeeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits

Objective To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the prevalence of non-nutritive Sucking habits in children with deciduous dentition. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the mothers of 551 children aged 3 to 6 years, randomly selected from public pre-schools in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire that included items regarding their children`s age, gender, race, method and duration of infant feeding, as well as pacifier use and/or digit-sucking habits. According to the answers pertinent to the method and duration of infant feeding, children were assigned to five groups: 1 - never breastfed, 2 - breastfed for a period shorter than 3 months of life, 3 - breastfed for 3 to 6 months, 4 - breastfed for 6 to 9 months, and 5 - breastfed for 9 months or longer. Data were submitted to the Fisher`s exact test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons to analyse possible associations between breastfeeding duration period categories and non-nutritive sucking behaviours. Results Pacifier use frequency was high in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (85%, 87.6%, 78% and 70%, respectively), in comparison with that in group 5 (38.6%). The prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits was significantly reduced in children who were breastfed for nine months or longer (p=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of pacifier use and/or digit-sucking habits between genders, regardless of the breastfeeding duration period. Conclusion Children aged 3-6 years who were breastfed for nine months or longer had a lower prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits.

Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in hypertensive vascular remodeling

Structural vascular changes in two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension may result from increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity. MMP-2 activation is regulated by other MMPs, including transmembrane-MMPs, and by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). We have investigated the localization of MMP-2, -9, -14, and TIMPs 1-4 in hypertensive aortas and measured their levels by zymography/Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Gelatinolytic activity was assayed in tissues by in situ zymography. Sham-operated and 2K-1C hypertensive rats were treated with doxycycline (or vehicle) for 8 weeks, and the systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly. Doxycycline attenuated 2K-1C hypertension (165 +/- 11.7 mmHg versus 213 +/- 7.9 mm Hg in hypertensive controls, P<0.01), and completely prevented increase in the thicknesses of the media and the intima in 2K-1C animals (P<0.01). Increased amounts of MMP-2, -9, and -14 were found in hypertensive aortas, as well as enhanced gelatinolytic activity. A gradient in the localization of MMP-2, -9, and -14 was found, with increased amounts detected in the intima, at sites with higher gelatinolytic activity. Doxycycline attenuated hypertension induced increases in all the 3 investigated MMPs in both the media and the intima (all P<0.05). but it did not change the amounts of TIMPs 1-4 (P>0.05). Therefore, an imbalance between increased amounts of MMPs at the tissue level without a corresponding increase in the quantities of TIMPs, particularly in the intima and inner media layers, appears to account for the increased proteolytic activity found in 2K-1C hypertension-induced maladaptive vascular remodeling. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola in Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola (Coquillett) is the most important pest of grain sorghum worldwide, and plant resistance is an important component for the control of this pest. To identify sorghum genotypes with diverse mechanisms of resistance to sorghum midge, we studied oviposition, larval survival, and midge damage in 27 sorghum midge-resistant genotypes, and a susceptible check under greenhouse conditions. Observations were also recorded on floral characteristics and compensation in grain mass. Of the 28 sorghum genotypes tested, 19 showed high levels of antixenosis to oviposition as a component of resistance, and had

Surgical programme at Royal Alexandra Hospital, Sydney, for Papua New Guinea children with congenital heart disease, 1978-1994

Objective : To report the history of the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children (RAHC) Papua New Guinea (PNG) cardiac surgical programme and describe the selection, preoperative clinical features and postoperative outcome of children with congenital heart disease managed by the programme. Methods : Details for each of the PNG cardiac patients admitted to RAHC following selection by visiting cardiologists between 1978 and 1994 were entered into a database, and analysed and interpreted. Results : A congenital heart defect was confirmed in 165 of the 170 children selected. The male to female ratio was 1:1 and the mean age on admission to RAHC was 5.5 years. Almost all of the children for whom data were available (98%) had a weight for age and 41% had a height for age less than the 3rd centile. One-sixth had delayed milestones. A large number were tachypnoeic, in heart failure, or had pulmonary hypertension on admission. Ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot were the commonest defects, and lesions such as aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta and transposition of the great arteries were absent or rare. Thirty-one (19%) of the children selected initially did not receive surgery because of pulmonary hypertension, or because the lesions did not fall within the programme guidelines for operation. One hundred and twenty-nine children had corrective and four had palliative procedures. Half of the operated children had postoperative complications. Eight children died, all following open-heart procedures, giving a case fatality rate of 6%. Preoperative tachypnoea, hepatomegaly, cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension were strongly associated with poor outcome. Conclusions : The programme was an arduous exercise for all organizations concerned, but achieved comparatively good short-term outcomes. The experience gained should assist in planning for similar programmes.

A????es premiadas no 16?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal 2011

Este livro re??ne as dez iniciativas premiadas no 16?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal. Nesta 16?? edi????o, o Concurso conta com os apoios da Embaixada da Fran??a, da Embaixada da Noruega, da Ag??ncia de Coopera????o Internacional Alem?? (GIZ) e da Ag??ncia Brasileira de Coopera????o (ABC), que premiam os primeiros colocados com visitas t??cnicas. A ENAP tamb??m premia os vencedores com vagas nos cursos de Especializa????o em Gest??o P??blica e Desenvolvimento Gerencial , publica????es da Escola, livro contendo os relatos das iniciativas, certificado, divulga????o no Banco de Solu????es do s??tio do Concurso, assinatura de um ano da Revista do Servi??o P??blico (RSP) e Selo Inova????o

A????es premiadas no 14?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal 2009

Nesta publica????o, referente ao 14?? Concurso Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica Federal, o leitor encontrar?? iniciativas inovadoras nas seguintes ??reas: Arranjos institucionais para coordena????o e/ou implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas (intra e inter-governamental); avalia????o e monitoramento de pol??ticas p??blicas; gest??o da informa????o; gest??o e desenvolvimento de pessoas; melhoria de processos de trabalho; planejamento, gest??o e desempenho institucional

Metodologia para medir a satisfa????o do usu??rio no Canad??: desfazendo mitos e redesenhando roteiros

Caderno composto de relat??rios de pesquisa, elaborados no ??mbito de uma rede de pesquisa formada por altos administradores p??blicos do Canad??, acad??micos e especialistas na ??rea de presta????o de servi??os p??blicos, sobre a avalia????o do cidad??o/usu??rio a respeito da qualidade dos servi??os p??blicos

Educa????o e sa??de: uma proposta para o servi??o de hemato-oncologia

O Hospital Universit??rio da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria oferece, entre v??rios outros, o Servi??o de Hemato-Oncologia. Inicialmente, o servi??o tinha como meta priorit??ria apenas a perfei????o cl??nica. Hoje, entende que o tratamento terap??utico deve-se acompanhar de uma proposta de bem-estar social e psicol??gico. Para isto, criou-se, na Sala de Atendimento Pedag??gico, um espa??o de forma????o cultural b??sico, onde se desenvolvem oficinas para pacientes agrupados em turmas, conforme os est??gios de desenvolvimento do pensamento segundo Piaget. Observam-se mudan??as comportamentais dos pacientes que v??o desde a aceita????o das consultas m??dicas at?? manifesta????es de prazer com a vida, criatividade e socializa????o, atitudes de organiza????o, disciplina e participa????o, desenvolvimento intelectual e motor e interesse pela vida escolar

Disciplina 4.3: an??lise e interpreta????o de indicadores

A disciplina teve como principais conte??dos: a demanda de informa????o no Ciclo de Pol??ticas e Programas P??blicos. Sistema Estat??stico Nacional e as principais fontes de dados e indicadores no Brasil (IBGE, Minist??rios etc.). Principais publica????es, Relat??rios Sociais, Boletins de Conjuntura Econ??mica, An??lises da Quest??o Ambiental. Indicadores Sint??ticos e Painel de Indicadores para acompanhamento da conjuntura e monitoramento de programas

Cat??logo de cursos ENAP - 2002

O cat??logo de cursos da Escola Nacional de Administra????o P??blica (ENAP) tem como objetivo apoiar a escolha de a????es de desenvolvimento de compet??ncias de dirigentes p??blicos brasileiros

Gest??o de pessoas na administra????o p??blica japonesa

Este ensaio ?? resultado da participa????o da autora do Seminar on Public Personnel Administration For Middle Level Officials (Semin??rio sobre Administra????o de pessoal no servi??o p??blico para servidores ocupantes de cargos equivalentes a dire????o e assessoramento) promovido pela National Personnel Authority do Governo Japon??s (NPA) e pela Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). A NPA ?? a ag??ncia central para administra????o de pessoal civil do governo japon??s. Entre suas principais fun????es est??o o planejamento e a implementa????o dos concursos p??blicos, as recomenda????es para a melhoria das condi????es de trabalho, incluindo quest??es como remunera????o e limites de horas de trabalho, e a defini????o de diretrizes para capacita????o e gest??o por desempenho. A JICA, por sua vez, ?? a ag??ncia de coopera????o japonesa respons??vel por promover os programas de treinamento para pa??ses em desenvolvimento com o intuito de apoiar os esfor??os de auto-aprimoramento para gera????o de progresso econ??mico e melhoria na vida dos cidad??os desses pa??ses. A JICA seleciona anualmente cerca de 8 mil participantes de 150 pa??ses e ??reas do mundo. Os tipos de atividades desenvolvidas s??o programas de treinamento em grupo, de longo prazo (ex.: mestrados e doutorados) e programas focados na realidade de um pa??s ou regi??o. O semin??rio em quest??o classifica-se na primeira modalidade de treinamento em grupo e contou com a participa????o de 11 servidores com atua????o na ??rea de gest??o de pessoas do Brasil, Gana, Kosovo, L??bano, Nepal, Ruanda, Ilhas Salom??o, Sri Lanka, Tail??ndia, Trinidade e Tobago.

Din??mica da reforma administrativa

A Segunda Guerra Mundial desencadeou no mundo v??rias for??as, que estavam, antes, mais ou menos contidas ou ocultas e passaram, a partir de ent??o, a atuar poderosa, sen??o mesmo irresistivelmente, na determina????o dos pr??prios destinos da humanidade. Uma dessas for??as foi, sem d??vida, o movimento anticolonialista, que em um quarto de s??culo, como se sabe, alterou profundamente o mapa-m??ndi. Outra - n??o sem estreita rela????o com a que se acaba de mencionar - ?? a intensa aspira????o a uma vida melhor que avassaladoramente se apoderou nas na????es do chamado Terceiro Mundo. Foi o que o Presidente Nixon chamou "a revolu????o das grandes expectativas", ou seja, em nosso entender, a leg??tima reivindica????o dos povos subdesenvolvidos por um lugar ao sol, que nasce, obviamente, para iluminar e aquecer a todos e n??o apenas a alguns privilegiados.

Taxonomia de Bakeriella (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da Bolívia

A fauna de Bakeriella da Bolívia é analisada taxonomicamente. Bakeriella bulbosa Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. labans Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. vicina Azevedo & Moreira sp. nov., B. absens Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. e B. nuda Kawada & Azevedo sp. nov. são descritas e ilustradas. Novos registros geográficos e dados de variações de B. montivaga (Kieffer, 1910), B. reclusa (Evans, 1969), B. incompleta Azevedo, 1994, B. inca Evans, 1964, B. polita Evans, 1964, B. flavicornis Kieffer, 1910 e B. lata Kawada & Azevedo, 2003 são fornecidos.