Response of a multi-domain continental margin to compression: Study from seismic reflection-refraction and numerical modelling in the Tagus Abyssal Plain

The effects of the Miocene through Present compression in the Tagus Abyssal Plain are mapped using the most up to date available to scientific community multi-channel seismic reflection and refraction data. Correlation of the rift basin fault pattern with the deep crustal structure is presented along seismic line IAM-5. Four structural domains were recognized. In the oceanic realm mild deformation concentrates in Domain I adjacent to the Tore-Madeira Rise. Domain 2 is characterized by the absence of shortening structures, except near the ocean-continent transition (OCT), implying that Miocene deformation did not propagate into the Abyssal Plain, In Domain 3 we distinguish three sub-domains: Sub-domain 3A which coincides with the OCT, Sub-domain 3B which is a highly deformed adjacent continental segment, and Sub-domain 3C. The Miocene tectonic inversion is mainly accommodated in Domain 3 by oceanwards directed thrusting at the ocean-continent transition and continentwards on the continental slope. Domain 4 corresponds to the non-rifted continental margin where only minor extensional and shortening deformation structures are observed. Finite element numerical models address the response of the various domains to the Miocene compression, emphasizing the long-wavelength differential vertical movements and the role of possible rheologic contrasts. The concentration of the Miocene deformation in the transitional zone (TC), which is the addition of Sub-domain 3A and part of 3B, is a result of two main factors: (1) focusing of compression in an already stressed region due to plate curvature and sediment loading; and (2) theological weakening. We estimate that the frictional strength in the TC is reduced in 30% relative to the surrounding regions. A model of compressive deformation propagation by means of horizontal impingement of the middle continental crust rift wedge and horizontal shearing on serpentinized mantle in the oceanic realm is presented. This model is consistent with both the geological interpretation of seismic data and the results of numerical modelling.

Variation of magnetic properties in sedimentary rocks hosting the Foum Zguid dyke (southern Morocco): Combined effects of re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism

The effects of dyke intrusion on the magnetic properties of host sedimentary rocks are still poorly understood. Therefore, we have evaluated bulk magnetic parameters of standard palaeomagnetic samples collected along several sections across the sediments hosting the Foum Zguid dyke in southern Morocco. The study has been completed with the evaluation of the magnetic fabric after laboratory application of sequential heating experiments. The present study shows that: (1) close to Fourn Zguid dykes, the variations of the bulk magnetic parameters and of the magnetic fabric is strongly related with re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism intensity. (2) The thermal experiments on AMS of samples collected farther from the dyke and, thus, less affected by heating during dyke emplacement, indicate that 300-400 degrees C is the minimum experimental temperature necessary to trigger appreciable transformations of the pre-existing magnetic fabrics. For temperatures higher than ca. 580 degrees C, the magnetic fabric transformations are fully realized, with complete transposition of the initial fabric to a fabric similar to that of samples collected close to the dyke. Therefore, measured variations of the magnetic fabric can be used to evaluate re-crystallization temperatures experienced by the host sedimentary rock during dyke emplacement. The distinct magnetic behaviour observed along the cross-sections strongly suggests that samples collected farther from the dyke margins did not experience thermal episodes with temperatures higher than 300 degrees C after dyke emplacement. (3) AMS data shows a gradual variation of the magnetic fabric with distance from the dyke margin, from sub-horizontal K-3 away from the dyke to vertical K3 close to the dyke. Experimental heating shows that heat alone can be responsible for this strong variation. Therefore, such orientation changes should not be unequivocally interpreted as the result of a stress field (resulting from the emplacement of the dyke, for instance). (4) Magnetic studies prove to be a very sensitive tool to assess rock magnetic transformations, thermally and chemically induced by dyke intrusion in hosting sediments.

Cyclic deformation of bidisperse two-dimensional foams

In-plane deformation of foams was studied experimentally by subjecting bidisperse foams to cycles of traction and compression at a prescribed rate. Each foam contained bubbles of two sizes with given area ratio and one of three initial arrangements: sorted perpendicular to the axis of deformation (iso-strain), sorted parallel to the axis of deformation (iso-stress), or randomly mixed. Image analysis was used to measure the characteristics of the foams, including the number of edges separating small from large bubbles N-sl, the perimeter (surface energy), the distribution of the number of sides of the bubbles, and the topological disorder mu(2)(N). Foams that were initially mixed were found to remain mixed after the deformation. The response of sorted foams, however, depended on the initial geometry, including the area fraction of small bubbles and the total number of bubbles. For a given experiment we found that (i) the perimeter of a sorted foam varied little; (ii) each foam tended towards a mixed state, measured through the saturation of N-sl; and (iii) the topological disorder mu(2)(N) increased up to an "equilibrium" value. The results of different experiments showed that (i) the change in disorder, Delta mu(2)(N), decreased with the area fraction of small bubbles under iso-strain, but was independent of it under iso-stress; and (ii) Delta mu(2)(N) increased with Delta N-sl under iso-strain, but was again independent of it under iso-stress. We offer explanations for these effects in terms of elementary topological processes induced by the deformations that occur at the bubble scale.

Palaeomagnetic study of a subaerial volcanic ridge (Sao Jorge Island, Azores) for the past 1.3 Myr: evidence for the Cobb Mountain Subchron, volcano flank instability and tectonomagmatic implications

We present a palaeomagnetic study on 38 lava flows and 20 dykes encompassing the past 1.3 Myr on S. Jorge Island (Azores ArchipelagoNorth Atlantic Ocean). The sections sampled in the southeastern and central/western parts of the island record reversed and normal polarities, respectively. They indicate a mean palaeomagnetic pole (81.3 degrees N, 160.7 degrees E, K= 33 and A95= 3.4 degrees) with a latitude shallower than that expected from Geocentric Axial Dipole assumption, suggesting an effect of non-dipolar components of the Earth magnetic field. Virtual Geomagnetic Poles of eight flows and two dykes closely follow the contemporaneous records of the Cobb Mountain Subchron (ODP/DSDP programs) and constrain the age transition from reversed to normal polarity at ca. 1.207 +/- 0.017 Ma. Volcano flank instabilities, probably related to dyke emplacement along an NNWSSE direction, led to southwestward tilting of the lava pile towards the sea. Two spatially and temporally distinct dyke systems have been recognized on the island. The eastern is dominated by NNWSSE trending dykes emplaced before the end of the Matuyama Chron, whereas in the central/western parts the eruptive fissures oriented WNWESE controlled the westward growth of the S. Jorge Island during the Brunhes Chron. Both directions are consistent with the present-day regional stress conditions deduced from plate kinematics and tectonomorphology and suggest the emplacement of dykes along pre-existing fractures. The distinct timing and location of each dyke system likely results from a slight shift of the magmatic source.

Impacto de um programa de relaxamento na percepção de stress nos cuidadores formais de um lar do concelho de Águeda

O papel de cuidador formal é, habitualmente, exercido por profissionais devidamente qualificados, designadamente, médicos, enfermeiros psicólogos, assistentes sociais, terapeutas ocupacionais, fisioterapeutas e auxiliares. A sua formação académica, profissional é específica para o desempenho deste papel, integrada no contexto de uma actividade profissional onde são exercidas competências, no âmbito da saúde. Nos lares, hospitais, instituições comunitárias, entre outros, existem indivíduos que se enquadram no perfil traçado, a actividade é desgastante, quer física, quer psicologicamente, o que muitas vezes facilita o aparecimento da ansiedade e a percepção do stress. O relaxamento enquanto técnica terapêutica poderá atenuar o seu surgimento. Este trabalho teve como objectivo avaliar o impacto de um programa de relaxamento, na percepção de stress, nos cuidadores formais do lar da Liga de Amigos de Aguada de Cima. Para este fim, consideramos adequado um estudo do tipo experimental. Assim aplicámos á nossa amostra, dezasseis funcionárias, antes e depois da aplicação do programa de relaxamento progressivo de Jacobson, questionários de auto-preenchimento, adaptados à população portuguesa. Para além disso, nas dezasseis sessões que efectuámos, medimos a tensão arterial e a frequência cardíaca com um esfigmomanómetro digital de pulso, no período antes e depois da implementação do programa. Pela análise dos resultados que obtivemos, constatámos que não houve diferenças significativas do ponto de vista estatístico, entre a ansiedade e a percepção do stress, após o programa de relaxamento Jacobson. Confirmámos porém, que existiram diferenças em alguns itens dos questionários após a implementação do programa de relaxamento, assim como uma diminuição da pressão arterial diastólica e da correlação positiva entre a ansiedade e a percepção de stress. Desta forma, parece existir uma indicação de que o programa de relaxamento progressivo de Jacobson talvez tenha contribuído para minimizar o nível de stress das funcionárias do lar da Liga de Amigos de Aguada de Cima

Avaliação do stress oxidativo na disfunção erétil

As sequelas fisiopatológicas do stress oxidativo são difíceis de quantificar. Apesar dos obstáculos, a relevância médica do stress oxidativo tem vindo a ser cada vez mais reconhecida, sendo hoje em dia encarado como um componente chave de virtualmente todas as doenças. A disfunção erétil (DE) surge neste contexto como uma espécie de barómetro da função endotelial e do dano oxidativo. A quantificação de biomarcadores de stress oxidativo poderá apresentar um enorme impacto na avaliação de pacientes com DE. O rácio glutationa reduzida/oxidada (GSH/GSSG) e a nitrotirosina (3-NT) têm vindo a demonstrar relevância clínica. A consideração de polimorfismos genéticos constitui ainda uma abordagem promissora na avaliação destas relações no futuro. Um método altamente sensível de cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC) foi desenvolvido para a determinação de 3-NT em plasma humano. As concentrações de 3-NT medidos em indivíduos com DE foram 6,6±2,1μM (média±S.D., n = 46). A medição da concentração plasmática de 3-NT poderá revelar-se útil como marcador de dano oxidativo dependente do óxido nítrico (NO). O nível de stress oxidativo pode também ser quantificado através da medição do decréscimo do rácio GSH/GSSG, que tem mostrado alterações numa miríade de patologias, como a DE e a diabetes mellitus. O método proposto para a quantificação do rácio GSH/GSSG em HPLC apresenta a vantagem de avaliação concomitante dos dois parâmetros em apenas uma corrida. O valor do rácio GSH/GSSG obtido a partir de sangue de indivíduos com DE foi 11,9±9,8 (média±S.D., n = 49). Os resultados estatísticos revelaram diferenças significativas (p<0,001) entre ambos a concentração plasmática de 3-NT e o rácio GSH/GSSG de sangue de indivíduos com DE e as respetivas medições em indivíduos saudáveis. Observaram-se ainda diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p≈0,027) entre o rácio GSH/GSSG do sangue de pacientes apenas com diagnóstico de DE e a medição respetiva em indivíduos com DE e comorbilidades cardiovasculares. Estes resultados enfatizam o papel do dano oxidativo na biopatologia da DE, elucidado com o auxílio destas duas metodologias, que poderão ter um amplo campo de aplicação no futuro, dado que se mostraram simples, não dispendiosas e rápidas, podendo eventualmente adequar-se a estudos de rastreio em larga escala.

Versão resumida da "job stress scale": adaptação para o português

OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de adaptação, para o português, da versão resumida da "job stress scale", originalmente elaborada em inglês. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados seis aspectos de equivalência entre a escala original e a versão para o português: as equivalências conceitual, semântica, operacional, de itens, de medidas e funcional. Tomou-se por base um estudo de confiabilidade teste-reteste com 94 indivíduos selecionados. RESULTADOS: O estudo de confiabilidade teste-reteste entre 94 indivíduos permitiu estimativas de reprodutibilidade (coeficientes de correlação intraclasse) para as dimensões de "demanda", "controle" e "apoio social" da escala de 0,88, 0,87 e 0,85, respectivamente. Para as mesmas dimensões, as estimativas de consistência interna (alpha de Cronbach) foram, respectivamente, 0,79, 0,67 e 0,85. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados sugerem que o processo de adaptação da escala foi bem sucedido, indicando que seu uso no contexto sociocultural da população de estudo (Estudo Pró-Saúde) é apropriado.

Wind turbines equipped with fractional-order controllers: Stress on the mechanical drive train due to a converter control malfunction

This paper is on variable-speed wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Three different drive train mass models and three different topologies for the power-electronic converters are considered. The three different topologies considered are respectively a matrix, a two-level and a multilevel converter. A novel control strategy, based on fractional-order controllers, is proposed for the wind turbines. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the behaviour of the wind turbines during a converter control malfunction, considering the fractional-order controllers. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Pre-operative tractography of the facial nerve in vestibular schwannomas: inter-observer agreement with surgical findings

Pre-operative diffusion tensor (DT) tractography is currently employed in our institutions. We use it to predict the course of the facial nerve (FN) in the vicinity of vestibular schwannomas (VS) of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). In this study we were interested to assess the inter-observer reproducibility of this method. Two Neuroradiologists (PMGP and TT) determined independently the location of the FN by tractography and compared the results with in-vivo findings of microsurgery of VS.

Acompanhamento da construção de obras de arte

No âmbito do Trabalho Final de Mestrado (TFM), propus a realização do presente relatório de estágio para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, inserido no perfil de estruturas do mestrado de engenharia civil, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. Para realização deste relatório, realizei um estágio com o período de quatro meses, na Mota-Engil, Engenharia e Construção, SA, onde estive integrado na obra de construção do sublanço da estrada denominada “EN238 – Sertã/ Oleiros” integrado na subconcessão do Pinhal Interior (Lote 10). A obra localiza-se na província da Beira Baixa, no distrito de Castelo Branco e abrange os concelhos de Sertã e Oleiros. Neste trabalho desenvolveram-se essencialmente duas vertentes da área da Engenharia: “Coordenação” e “Construção”.

Surgical proven location of the facial nerve in the vicinity of cerebellopontine angle tumours depicted pre-operatively by tractography

Purpose/Introduction: To determine the clinical utility of pre-operative diffusion tensor (DT) tractography of the facial nerve in the vicinity of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumours. The location of the facial nerve was established pre-operatively by tractography and compared with in-vivo electrode stimulation during microsurgery of vestibular schwannomas and rare CPA masses (meningiomas and arachnoid cysts).

Effect of oxidative stress upon absorption of glucose by the human placenta: in vitro studies with BeWo cells

Pregnancy is a dynamic state and the placenta is a temporary organ that, among other important functions, plays a crucial role in the transport of nutrients and metabolites between the mother and the fetus, which is essential for a successful pregnancy. Among these nutrients, glucose is considered a primary source of energy and, therefore, fundamental to insure proper fetus development. Several studies have shown that glucose uptake is dependent on several morphological and biochemical placental conditions. Oxidative stress results from the unbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in favor of the first. During pregnancy, ROS, and therefore oxidative stress, increase, due to increased tissue oxygenation. Moreover, the relation between ROS and some pathological conditions during pregnancy has been well established. For these reasons, it becomes essential to understand if oxidative stress can compromise the uptake of glucose by the placenta. To make this study possible, a trophoblastic cell line, the BeWo cell line, was used. Experiments regarding glucose uptake, either under normal or oxidative stress conditions, were conducted using tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) as an oxidative stress inducer, and 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose (3H-DG) as a glucose analogue. Afterwards, studies regarding the involvement of glucose facilitative transporters (GLUT) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways were conducted, also under normal and oxidative stress conditions. A few antioxidants, endogenous and from diet, were also tested in order to study their possible reversible effect of the oxidative effect of tBOOH upon apical 3H-DG uptake. Finally, transepithelial studies gave interesting insights regarding the apical-to-basolateral transport of 3H-DG. Results showed that 3H-DG uptake, in BeWo cells, is roughly 50% GLUT-mediated and that tBOOH (100 μM; 24h) decreases apical 3H-DG uptake in BeWo cells by about 33%, by reducing both GLUT- (by 28%) and non-GLUT-mediated (by 40%) 3H-DG uptake. Uptake of 3H-DG and the effect of tBOOH upon 3H-DG uptake are not dependent on PKC and PI3K. Moreover, the effect of tBOOH is not associated with a reduction in GLUT1 mRNA levels. Resveratrol, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, at 50 μM, reversed, by at least 45%, the effect of tBOOH upon 3H-DG uptake. Transwell studies show that the apical-to-basolateral transepithelial transport of 3H-DG is increased by tBOOH.In conclusion, our results show that tBOOH caused a marked decrease in both GLUT and non-GLUT-mediated apical uptake of 3H-DG by BeWo cells. Given the association of increased oxidative stress levels with several important pregnancy pathologies, and the important role of glucose for fetal development, the results of this study appear very interesting.

Metal accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers in octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from Northwest Atlantic

Metals are ubiquitous in the environment and accumulate in aquatic organisms and are known for their ability to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In aquatic species, oxidative stress mechanisms have been studied by measuring antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative damages in tissues. The aim of this study was to apply and validate a set of oxidative stress biomarkers and correlate responses with metal contents in tissues of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase — CAT, superoxide dismutase — SOD and glutathione S-transferases — GST), oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation — LPO and protein carbonyl content — PCO) andmetal content (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As) in the digestive gland and armof octopus, collected in the NWPortuguese coast in different periods, were assessed after capture and after 14 days in captivity. CAT and SOD activitieswere highly responsive to fluctuations inmetal concentrations and able to reduce oxidative damage, LPO and PCO in the digestive gland. CAT activity was also positively correlated with SOD and GST activities, which emphasizes that the three enzymes respond in a coordinated way to metal induced oxidative stress. Our results validate the use of oxidative stress biomarkers to assess metal pollution effects in this ecological and commercial relevant species.Moreover, octopus seems to have the ability to control oxidative damage by triggering an antioxidant enzyme coordinated response in the digestive gland.

Influência da espessura do substrato dental sobre a eficácia clareadora e citotoxicidade de diferentes protocolos de clareamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

OsRMC, a negative regulator of salt stress response in rice, is regulated by two AP2/ERF transcription factors

High salinity causes remarkable losses in rice productivity worldwide mainly because it inhibits growth and reduces grain yield. To cope with environmental changes, plants evolved several adaptive mechanisms, which involve the regulation of many stress-responsive genes. Among these, we have chosen OsRMC to study its transcriptional regulation in rice seedlings subjected to high salinity. Its transcription was highly induced by salt treatment and showed a stress-dose-dependent pattern. OsRMC encodes a receptor-like kinase described as a negative regulator of salt stress responses in rice. To investigate how OsRMC is regulated in response to high salinity, a salt-induced rice cDNA expression library was constructed and subsequently screened using the yeast one-hybrid system and the OsRMC promoter as bait. Thereby, two transcription factors (TFs), OsEREBP1 and OsEREBP2, belonging to the AP2/ERF family were identified. Both TFs were shown to bind to the same GCC-like DNA motif in OsRMC promoter and to negatively regulate its gene expression. The identified TFs were characterized regarding their gene expression under different abiotic stress conditions. This study revealed that OsEREBP1 transcript level is not significantly affected by salt, ABA or severe cold (5 °C) and is only slightly regulated by drought and moderate cold. On the other hand, the OsEREBP2 transcript level increased after cold, ABA, drought and high salinity treatments, indicating that OsEREBP2 may play a central role mediating the response to different abiotic stresses. Gene expression analysis in rice varieties with contrasting salt tolerance further suggests that OsEREBP2 is involved in salt stress response in rice.