Londres, terra promesa: l'emigració de joves universitaris titulats catalans a Londres

L’alta taxa d’atur juvenil a Catalunya i la precarització persistent del mercat laboral per als joves, han provocat que molts d’ells es plantegin marxar a l’estranger per a provar sort. Segons l’INE, al 2012 van emigrar 10791 catalans i el 35,7% són joves d’entre 16 i 34 anys. El Regne Unit va ser la tercera destinació preferida, amb 958 catalans emigrants reconeguts. La globalització ha difuminat les fronteres i ha obert els horitzons a empreses i treballadors. Les experiències internacionals són cada cop més necessàries si volem formar part d’aquest món, però tenen les seves contrapartides. La present investigació estudia el cas de 10 joves catalans amb titulacions universitàries que han marxat a Londres a la recerca d’aquesta experiència internacional, tot desitjant assentar les bases d’una carrera professional exitosa. El focus d’estudi és conèixer les motivacions de l’emigració que han trobat a la ciutat anglesa i quines són les expectatives de futur

OSAAMISINTENSIIVISET LIIKE-ELÄMÄN PALVELUT, Osaavan työvoiman saatavuuden turvaaminen Case: Yritysten ja työhallinnon yhteistyö työvoimapoliittisen koulutuksen suunnittelussa

Työn tavoitteena on selvittää kuinka yritykset osallistuvat työvoimakoulutuksen suunnitteluun. Kyselyn avulla on selvitetty suunnitteluprosessia, johon osallistui osa TE-keskuksista ja työvoimatoimistoista. Kirjallisuustutkimuksessa tarkastellaan osaamisintensiivisiä liike-elämän palveluita, tiedon hallintaa, miljöön analysointia, liiketoimintasuhteita sekä verkostoitumista. Tutkimuksen empiirisessä osassa tarkastellaan työhallinnon tavoitteita ja kyselyn avulla selvitettyjätoimintatapoja yritysten osallistumisesta työvoimakoulutuksen suunnitteluun. Tuloksena saatiin runsaasti yhteistyötapoja yritysten kanssa, mutta Lappeenrannan työvoimatoimiston näkökulmasta ei mitään uutta noussut esille. Suoran yhteistyön esteenä on edelleen yrityksien sekä myös työvoimahallinnon motivaationpuute.

Job accessibility, employment and job-education mismatch in the metropolitan area of Barcelona

This paper analyses the effect of job accessibility by public and private transport on labour market outcomes in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Beyond employment, we consider the effect of job accessibility on job-education mismatch, which represents a relevant aspect of job quality. We adopt a recursive system of equations that models car availability, employment and mismatch. Public transport accessibility appears as an exogenous variable in the three equations. Even though it may reflect endogenous residential sorting, falsification proofs suggest that the estimated effect of public transport accessibility is not entirely driven by the endogenous nature of residential decisions.

Työvoimapula ja osaaminen: analyysi mediateksteistä

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selventää miten Talouselämä-lehti tuo esille yritysten kokemaa työvoimapulaa ja sen hallintakeinoja erityisesti osaaja näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tulkitaTalouselämä-lehden artikkeleihin perustuvan empiirisen aineiston perusteella sekä aikaisemman kirjallisuuden perusteella, millä keinoilla yritykset voivat varautua työvoimapulaan ja menestyä kilpailussa niukoilla työmarkkinoilla. Tutkimus tuo esille myös Talouselämä lehden representoiman osaajan profiilin. Tutkimus onlaadullinen tutkimus. Aineisto koostuu Talouselämä-lehden vuoden 2002 ja toukokuun 2006 välisenä aikana ilmestyneistä artikkeleista. Tuloksina saatiin selville, että Talouselämä-lehti tuo esille työvoimapulaa laadullista ja määrällistä työvoimapulaa kuvaavien ja asiantuntijoiden varoittelevien ja neuvovien puheiden kautta. Tutkimuskontekstin sisällä osaavan työvoiman pula koetaan merkittävämpänä ongelmana kuin määrällinen työvoimapula. Yritysten tulee varautua henkilöstöstrategian kautta siihen, että yrityksen osaamistarpeet täyttyvät tulevaisuudessa. Osaajien houkutteluun tulee keksiä luovia ja yksilöllisiä keinoja sekä myydä avoimet työtehtävät osaajille markkinoinnillisin keinoin.

Evaluación del programa de orientación para la inserción laboral en los centros penitenciarios

En este artículo partimos de la base de que es necesaria la inserción laboral para que los internos en los centros penitenciarios puedan conseguir una inserción social óptima una vez se encuentren en libertad. Esta inserción requiere un proceso normalizador que en ningún caso tiene que empezar cuando el interno se encuetnra en libertad o muy cerca de ella. En este sentido presentamos la intervención basada en tres niveles de orientación para favorecer que el interno pueda encontrar un trabajo una vez esté en libertad. En concreto presentamos los resultados de la evaluación del Programa de Orientación para la Inserción Laboral que correspondería al primer nivel de intervención. Utilizando el modelo CIPP de Stufflebeam hemos valorado la eficacia, la eficiencia, la efectividad y el impacto del programa a partir de una muestra de internos del Centro Penitenciario Ponent, cuyos resultados consideramos satisfactorios.

Transiciones y orientación

Los diversos procesos de transición que se suceden a lo largo de la vida suponen períodos de adaptación constantes. Cada proceso de transición requiere tomar decisiones que afectan, en mayor o menor medida, todos los aspectos de la persona. La trayectoria vital abarca diversos ámbitos de transición. En este artículo hacemos especial incidencia en el itinerario académico y en el itinerario laboral. Las transiciones académicas han de facilitar la continuidad curricular entre ciclos o etapas y la adaptación a nuevos niveles. En el ámbito profesional destacan dos transiciones esenciales al inicio y final de la vida laboral: la inserción sociolaboral y la jubilación. A ellas, cabe añadir las transiciones ocupacionales -voluntarias o involuntarias -, que cada vez son más frecuentes en la actual organización del mercado de trabajo. En cada uno de estos procesos se requiere intervención orientadora que proporcione estrategias para el desarrollo personal y la integración social.

Wage differentials between native and immigrant women in Spain: accounting for differences in support

Purpose: The objective of the study is to quantify the wage gap between native and immigrant women in Spain, taking into account differences in their characteristics and the need to control for common support. If immigrant women are segregated in occupations with few native women, it is important to take this into account to analyse wage differentials between both collectives. Methodology: We use microdata from the Continuous Sample of Working Histories (Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales) on wages and other personal characteristics such as gender, country of origin, and age to apply the matching procedure and the decomposition of the wage gap along the lines of Ñopo (2008) for the analysis of wage differentials between native and immigrant women. The advantage of this procedure is that we can simultaneously estimate the common support and the mean counterfactual wage for the women on the common support (i.e., comparing native and immigrant women with similar observable characteristics). In addition, we can describe differences not only at the mean but also along the entire wage distribution. Findings: The results obtained indicate that, on average, immigrant women earn less than native women in the Spanish labour market. This wage gap is bigger when we consider immigrant women from developing countries, but our main finding is that an important part of this wage gap is related to differences in common support (i.e., immigrant women are segregated in certain jobs with low wages different from those occupied by native women). If the need to control for common support is neglected, estimates of the wage gap will be biased. Originality: Studying the case of Spain is particularly interesting because it is a country with abundant and recent immigration. Immigrant women account for more than half of the total immigrants in Spain, and unlike other host countries, they come from a highly varied range of countries, with origins as diverse as Latin America, the Maghreb and Eastern Europe. To our knowledge, no other study has explicitly focused on the analysis of the wage differential of immigrant women in the Spanish labour market by taking into account the need to control for common support. Moreover, published papers illustrating the potentiality of Ñopo"s (2008) methodology are also very scarce.

Asiantuntijaorganisaation henkilöstöstrategia motivoinnin välineenä, case Finnvera

Tutkielma käsittelee henkilöstövoimavarojen hallintaa julkisessa asiantuntija-organisaatiossa. Henkilöstöresurssien hallinta on muodostumassa organisaatioille strategisesti yhä tärkeämmäksi asiaksi. Osaaminen ja asiantuntijuus ovat kriittisiä menestystekijöitä. Henkilöstöstrategia määrittää ne henkilöstöön liittyvät arvot, keinot ja tavoitteet, joilla organisaatio pyrkii varmistamaan tulevaisuuden kuvansa ja liiketoimintastrategiansa edellyttämän osaamis- ja suoritustason. Henkilöstöstrategian yksi päätarkoitus on motivoida henkilöstöä ja toisaalta tehdä organisaatio kiinnostavaksi työmarkkinoilla. Näkökulma tutkimukseen on erityisesti asiantuntijan motivointi. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan kvalitatiivisella analyysillä case-yrityksen henkilöstöstrategiaa ja verrataan sitä olemassa olevaan teoriataustaan henkilöstöstrategian sisällön, laatimisprosessin ja erityisesti motivoinnin suhteen. Tuloksena todetaan Finnvera Oyj:n henkilöstöstrategian olevan kohtuullisen hyvin laadittu ja sisältävän pääsääntöisesti tarvittavat asiat.

Students competences in Business Administration subjects

The evaluation of the competences acquired by the students in the context of a university education system is needed to enable professors to develop teaching-learning processes tailored to students" needs. The main goal of this paper is to analyze in depth the profile of the acquired competences of the bachelor students in Business Administration subjects. In that sense, this paper explains an experience in assessing bachelor student"s competences by applying an ICT-based digital platform designed for the selfassessment of personal and social competences. In particular, we apply an evaluation tool which was specifically designed for self-evaluating the project managers" generic and specific competences. The authors of this research have previous experience in implementing this evaluation tool in the subjects of Business Administration, Operations Management and Strategic Management taught in the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Barcelona. In this paper, the results show that there exist significant differences in the self-evaluation of competences depending on the respondent gender. This kind of tools benefits the three parties involved: students, university managers and organizations, and should be applied along the Bachelor as a transversal project and adapt the programs to achieve graduate students with higher levels of social and personal competences, as demanded by the labour market.

Institutional legacies, employment and professional integration of non EU/EEA doctors in France

Internationally, policies for attracting highly-skilled migrants have become the guidelines mainly used by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Governments are implementing specific procedures to capture and facilitate their mobility. However, all professions are not equal when it comes to welcoming highly-skilled migrants. The medical profession, as a protective market, is one of these. Taking the case of non-EU/EEA doctors in France, this paper shows that the medical profession defined as the closed labour market, remains the most controversial in terms of professional integration of migrants, protectionist barriers to migrant competition and challenge of medical shortage. Based on the path-dependency approach, this paper argues that non-EU/EEA doctors' issues in France derive from a complex historical process of interaction between standards settled in the past, particularly the historical power of medical corporatism, the unexpected long-term effects of French hospital reforms of 1958, and budgetary pressures. Theoretically, this paper shows two significant findings. Firstly, the French medical system has undergone a series of transformations unthinkable in the strict sense of a path-dependence approach: an opening of the medical profession to foreign physicians in the context of the Europeanisation of public policy, acceptance of non-EU/EEA doctors in a context of medical shortage and budgetary pressures. Secondly, there is no change of the overall paradigm: significantly, the recruitment policies of non-EU/EEA doctors continue to highlight the imprint of the past and reveal a significant persistence of prejudices. Non-EU/EEA doctors are not considered legitimate doctors even if they have the qualifications of physicians which are legitimate in their country and which can be recognised in other receiving countries.

Treball Final de Grau en Informació i Documentació a la UOC: Oportunitats per a la millor inserció laboral

El Treball Final de Grau, com a punt final de l¿itinerari acadèmic dels Graus definitsformalment com a generalistes, pot esdevenir, amb les innovacions i concrecions que es presenten, una oportunitat per a un estudiant d¿estar més capacitat per a poder inserir-se en un competitiu mercat laboral, així com l¿inici de la gestió de la seva reputació en línia, incloent la presència en repositoris i xarxes socials. Mitjançant la selecció i anàlisi de les competències, es presenta el disseny i les primeres experiències del TFG en el Grau d¿Informació i Documentació de la UOC.

Changes in cannabis and tobacco use trajectories from age 17 to age 23

Much like the first volume published in 2011, the second volume of this anthology series gathers a selection of analyses which are empirically based on the data of the Swiss panel study TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment). The contributions of this volume carry on the investigation of the critical transitions during youth and young adulthood, drawing on sociological, economic, psychological and pedagogical research questions and thus highlighting the analytic and pluri-disciplinary research potential of the TREE data. One of the topical foci is the long-term influence of social origin on education and labour market pathways, particularly with regard to access to higher education.

Transiciones y orientación

The several transition processes happening throughout lije are periods of constant adaptations. Each transition process requires making decisions affecting in greater or a lesser degree all the aspects of the persono The vital course development embraces different transition realms. In this paper, we pay particular attention to the academic and occupational itineraries. The academic transitions have to facilitate the curriculum continuity between cycles or academic stages and the adaptation to new levels. In the professional world, two essential transitions arestanding out: socio-professional insertion and retirement. To those one should add occupational transitions - voluntary or not -, which are nowadays increasingly present in the labour market. In each of these processes, a guiding intervention is needed providing strategies for personal development and at the same time generating social integration

La diversitat funcional al treball

L’accés al mercat laboral per part de les persones amb diversitat funcional no està exempt de dificultats. Encara avui persisteixen barreres que societat i empresa han de superar com són els estereotips o prejudicis cap a les persones amb capacitats diferents. Perquè les persones en risc d’exclusió social puguin augmentar les seves opcions de trobar una feina plantegem, a la primera part de l’article, un pla d’acompanyament personalitzat a la inserció laboral que permeti al candidat augmentar els seus nivells d’ocupabilitat. A la segona meitat, canviem el focus d’atenció cap a l’empresa i proposem com la presència de persones amb diversitat funcional pot generar valor dins d’una organització.

Is the wage curve formal or informal? Evidence for Colombia

The objective of this paper is to analyse the existente or not of a wage curve in Colombia, paying special attention to the differences between formal and informal workers, an issue that has been systematically ignored in the wage curve literature. The obtained results using microdata from the Colombian Continuous Household Survey (CHS) between 2002 and 2006 show the existence of a wage curve with a negative slope for the Colombian economy. Using information on metropolitan areas, the estimates of the elasticity of individual wages to local unemployment rates was -0.07, a value that is very close to those obtained for other countries. However, the disaggregation of statistical information for formal and informal workers has shown significant differences among both groups of workers. In particular, for the less protected groups of the labour market, informal workers (both men and women), a high negatively sloped wage curve was found. This result is consistent with the conclusions from efficiency wage theoretical models and should be taken into account when analysing the functioning of regional labour markets in developing countries.