The Great American Scaffold:intertextuality and identity in American presidential discourse

Based on extensive quantitative and qualitative analyses of a corpus of American presidential speeches that includes all inaugural addresses and State of the Union messages from 1789 to 2008, as well as major foreign and security policy speeches after 1945, this research monograph analyzes the various forms and functions of intertextual references found in the discourse of American presidents. Working within an original, interdisciplinary theoretical framework established by theories of intertextuality, discourse analysis, and presidential studies, the book discusses five different types of presidential intertextuality, all of which contribute jointly to creating a set of carefully manipulated and politically powerful images of both the American nation and the American presidency. The book is intended for scholars and students in political and presidential studies, communications, American cultural studies, and linguistics, as well as anyone interested in the American presidency in general.

Global factors affecting women's participation in leadership

This dissertation is a multi-level, cross-cultural study of women in leadership conducted with both macro-society data and individual-level data aggregated to the country level. The research questions are, ���What macro and micro forces are hindering or advancing women into business or political leadership?��� ���How do these forces impact the level of women's involvement in business and political leadership in a particular country?��� Data was collected from 10 secondary sources, available for 213 countries, and includes about 300 variables for business leadership (N=115) and political leadership (N=181). To date, most women in leadership research has been Western- or US-based, and little rigorous empirical, multi-level research has been done across countries. The importance of cross-cultural studies on women in leadership stems from the potential to better understand why some countries have more women in positions of both business and political leadership; and the factors that affect women's involvement in such positions in different countries. A ���Levels of Women's Participation in Leadership��� country model is tested using cluster and discriminant analyses. Results indicate that the factors that affect women?s participation in leadership in countries with fewer women leaders are different from the factors that affect women's participation in countries with high levels of participation. This dissertation proposes that initiatives to increase participation of women in leadership need to consider the relevant factors that significantly affect countries at certain Levels of Women's Participation in Leadership. ^

Propuestas para una reconceptualizaci��n surrealista y postmoderna de la sexualidad femenina en los textos de Cristina Escofet e Isabel Allende

Female sexuality has commonly been viewed as the passive counterpart of male sexuality. Building upon Adrienne Rich's theory of compulsive heterosexuality, I would suggest that the fundamental location of this problem lies within the subconscious. Cristina Escofet's stance on this issue is to argue in favor of a deconstruction of Jungian archetypes, revealing their constructed rather than intrinsic character. In this dissertation, I study representative texts by Escofet and Isabel Allende and show not only how they depict patriarchal compulsive heterosexuality, but also try to reconceptualize female sexuality through surrealist and postmodern techniques such as self-reflection, dialogue with our double or Other, and sensorial perception. These techniques are designed to create a new epistemology of jouissance and excess, as defined by contemporary French theory. The significance of my study resides in the interdisciplinary analysis of female sexuality in Hispanic feminist writers. The first chapter proposes that surrealism, postmodernism, and feminism are theoretical frameworks which create new paradigms for social change. In their feminist philosophies, Escofet and Allende emphasize the use of subconscious knowledge as a means of helping them understand the world and create alternative realities. The second chapter shows how Escofet and Allende deconstruct the mysoginist archetype of Eve, which has been largely responsible for identifying women's sexual identity with the disreputable qualities of the femme fatale and whose mirror-image has long plagued women. In accordance with this stereotype, Lillith (Adam's sexually active ex-partner), has typically been portrayed as the negative Other, and for generations the she-devil myth which surrounds her has resurfaced in the media, where she assumes the role of innumerable evil female characters. In the third chapter, I examine how class and race differences have been used to intensify the demonization of different types of sexuality. In the same manner as Lillith and Eve, black and indigenous characters express dissent by retelling their stories in words and performance, and by seeking to form a dialog with their readers. The last chapter deals with the importance of the senses for female characters as they try to create their own sexuality from the fragmented bodies we find in surrealist and postmodern art. In this section we shall see how Luce Irigaray and H��l��ne Cixous's theories about multiple sexualities are in evidence when Escofet and Allende reconceptualize female sexuality. As no previous scholarship has analyzed the use of the subconscious, the senses, and performance when understanding female sexuality in Latin American literature, this dissertation seeks to provide a tentative exploration of the issues that may help to open up a new field of research in Hispanic feminist cultural studies.

Flanerie: A post -reflexive mode of urban research inquiry

Urban ethnographic studies in social science usually proceed from within a pre-figured research framework that guides field activity and filters what is considered see-worthy and study-worthy to those phenomena which are in some way necessary for the fulfillment of specific research agendas. Reliance on formalized ethnographic research methods to explore the city, and the reflex to intellectualize that which is observed by using them, frequently leads to the neglect of much of what comprises the ethnographic richness of city-life through an overly-contemplative intellectuocentrism. ^ Fl��nerie, an avocational, proto-sociological ethnographic mode of urban exploration and observation originating in early-nineteenth-century Paris, is representative of an alternate approach to exploration and study of the city���one less subject to a compressed horizon of ethnographic experience. It affords insight into a broad range of phenomena taking place in interstitial urban space and time which often escape the instrumentally overly-determined gaze of professionalist research inquiry. ^ The present work addressed the fact that the concept of fl��nerie , though occasionally invoked in discussions of methodology in urban sociology and cultural studies, had not been subjected to a systematic attempt to relate it to the research methods of these disciplines. Though as a typological figure the fl��neur is thought to have disappeared long ago, practices represented by the concept continue to be engaged in by persons inside and outside of academia who approach city life and social science with a perspective somewhat transcending the reified dichotomies of private-professional and art-and-science. This study transferred aspects of the experience of the city embodied in the fl��neur to the realm of ethnographic urban studies and the building of grounded social theory, finding fl��nerie to be crucial to the development of a refined knowledge of urban life, and an important means by which previously overlooked social phenomena and silenced avenues of research inquiry might be exposed. ^ The conclusions reached found a ���fl��neuristic��� approach to the city as being beneficial to research practice and the vitalization of urban ethnographic inquiry, by affording opportunities for exposure to, and immersion within, an expanded range of quotidian social phenomena that have frequently escaped the academicist gaze. ^

(Santa) Rita de C��ssia na boca do povo de Santa Cruz/RN: identidades culturais em constru����o

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cultural identities of Santa Rita de Cassia constructed from the representations contained in the speech of Santa Cruz urban area residents, which is located in a harsh part of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. These residents make the story of the Saint full of meaning for themselves, in their daily lives, as well as to the society. This is observed in the narration of Rita de Cassia���s story which has been told in the city over the past one hundred and eighty years, the number of women's names and commercial establishments named ���Santa Rita���. In 2010, with the inauguration of the Alto de Santa Rita ��� a space for worshiping the saint ���, the amount of visitors increased in the city, due to the construction and inauguration of a colossal monument representing the image of Rita de Cassia. Then, new social, cultural, religious and political aspects became part of the local reality of the city of Santa Cruz, what made residents have something in common to talk about. According to the interdisciplinary approach of Applied Linguistics, our theoretical background is based on the socio-historical language concept, which understands language as discursive practice. Still theoretically speaking, this study establishes an interface with cultural studies, taking into account the concept of cultural identity in post-modernity society. Discourse analysis proved plural, with a multiplicity of cultural identities ranging from very obedient daughter to wife who suffered because of the husband, from very religious woman to the widow who entered the convent, on to the Saint of the miracles and healings interceding in the lives of the ones who seek for help. It was also observed in the above mentioned investigative path that these identities can be constructed and reconstructed if immersed in a different set of social practices historically determined

Do discurso da resist��ncia �� resist��ncia do discurso: as constru����es identit��rias de Mossor�� nos enunciados da literatura de cordel

This study has as objective to investigate the identity constructions of Mossor��, at the statements of the string literature. Having as thread the episode of resistance of the city against the group of Lampi��o at June the thirteenth of nineteen twenty seven, our study built itself at the statements present in nine strings, produced between the space-time of 1927 and 2007, year that Mossor�� celebrated eighty years of the episode. Aware that the theme extrapolated the limits of the means of communication of the time and it became part of the everyday of the people from Mossor��, producing at the collective memory the image of a resistance city at the street���s names, at companies��� names, at radios��� names with the ���FM Resistance���, at the discourses of the politicians, at the city hall which name is ���Palace of the Resistance���, the central question that guides our investigation congregates the discussion around the dialogical relations done at the statements about the theme in vogue. This bias, the research elected as categories of analysis the concept of social voices and chronology, considering that the different identities are produced according to placements made by the subjects, as well as, by the context of production. Admitted at the area of Applied Linguistics (AL) and its line language and pratic of social the research articulates the theorizations provided from the area of Cultural Studies (especially regarding identity) with the theoretical framework of the bakhitinian Circle (regarding the social-historical conception of language and in its dialogical character). The results indicate that even existing an axiological movement around the representations of Mossor�� and of the episode of 1927, the statements of the strings converge to a hegemonic discourse, corroborating with the identity profile of resistance transported over eighty decades

The Frenchness of Marcel Lefebvre and the Society of St Pius X:a new reading

The case of Marcel Lefebvre and the SSPX deserves fresh perspectives. The current historiography is too franco-centric, obsessed with relatively minor matters, rather than with more substantial ones. This article proposes a new analysis of the SSPX���s political discourses in France and internationally over the last fifteen years and undertakes to reframe the relationship between Lefebvre���s life and his congregation by re-examining his African missionary experiences. Such new perspectives will be helpful as the SSPX moves towards regularisation under the pontificate of Pope Francis.

A constru����o identit��ria em um f��rum de discuss��o: um estudo com alunos da EAD

The aim of this study is to highlight the cultural identities of Spanish undergraduate students from Instituto Federal de Educa����o, Ci��ncia e Tecnologia ��� IFRN, in integration with Universidade Aberta do Brasil ��� UAB, in the distance modality, built from utterances produced by them in a forum discussion online. For this, we chose to analyze the thematic forum ���Using fragments of the internet is an ethical act?��� generated in the first semester of 2011, linked to the Reading and Writing course. The interest of this researcher to highlight the cultural identities of these subjects, in the Virtual Learning Environment, emerged from the contact with this reality, in which it was found that the statements constructed by students were rich in positions, meanings and interactions. By producing their speeches, such subjects nurture a reflection on how we can establish meaning in the interaction created in online teaching as well as on the construction of cultural identities of the subject within that virtual space. The way students participate in the discussion forum represents learning experiences that lead to the construction of cultural identities, which determine the trajectory of the subjects, which makes the identity an ongoing process. Our theoretical reference follows the interdisciplinary approach of Applied Linguistics and is based on the socio-historical model of language, with language construed as a social practice. This study also established an interface with cultural studies, as it uses the concept of cultural identity in postmodernity. Analysis of the utterances lead to plurality, with a multiplicity of identities, as evidenced from the positioning of the subjects, some focused on the agreement, others on the disagreement, or even on the boldness. It was found also in the investigative path that these identities can be constructed and reconstructed if they are immersed in another set of historically determined social practices.

Matizes de cultura de massa na obra de Caio Fernando Abreu

The Brazilian writer, Caio Fernando Abreu, was strongly influenced by a period of changes in social values and perspectives. When he enters the Brazilian literary scene using a writing style free from form and content, he applies in his works all the affliction of the contemporary values. His work embodies all the spirit of a generation that, despite its anxiety for freedom, was still suffocated by the military dictatorship period. Abreu���s narrative also reveals an author with an extreme ability to shift between the erudite and the popular. In his short stories, he develops a performative language mingled by references that turns his text into a sort of Pop Art iconography. Just like Pop Art paintings, full of Coke images, cigarettes, tooth paste and food cans, Abreu���s literary discourse is painted by many symbolical references to modern consumerism, as well as to movies, music and to pop stars. This trace in the writer���s works exerts a great deal of attractiveness on the contemporary reader. In this work, we attempt to analyze this resource in Abreu���s literature under the concepts of cultural studies; thus, we aim at analyzing the various forms of the mass culture expression inside Abreu���s literature, recognizing his allusions as a stylish resource in his writings and highlighting its relevance in the study of the author work. In order to do so, we are based essentially on the reflections of theoreticians: Lipovetsky (1996) and Adorno (2011) who debate the culture and social formation in contemporaneity.

Student, Teacher, and Administrator Perspectives on Harm: Implications for Implementing Safe and Caring School Initiatives

This article reports on a study that examines student, teacher and administrator perspectives on harm and how their schools address harm. It presents an overview of these perspectives within and across 3 different school environments. In doing so, the study contributes to a better understanding of the often ineffective implementation of safe and caring school initiatives. By drawing on restorative justice and relational theory, the findings illustrate how a focus on well-being and relationship is critical for meeting the needs of those harmed and those causing harm. Such a focus requires interaction rooted in social engagement rather than social control (Morrison 2012) and challenges current recommendations for combining the strengths of several current approaches for a more effective outcome (Osher et al. 2010).

The Significance of Critical Theory for Restorative Justice in Education

Restorative Justice (rj), a distinctive philosophical approach that seeks to replace punitive, managerial structures of schooling with those that emphasize the building and repairing of relationships (Hopkins 2004) has been embraced in the past two decades by a variety of school systems worldwide in an effort to build safe school communities. Early studies indicate rj holds significant promise, however, proponents in the field identify that theoretical and evidence-based research is falling behind practice. They call for further research to deepen the current understanding of rj that will support its sustainability and transformative potential and allow it to move from the margins to the mainstream of schooling (Braithwaite 2006; Morrison & Ahmed 2006; Sherman & Strang 2007).

Hist��ria, cultura, g��nero e poder: representa����es sociais em movimento no seriado de TV Homeland (2001-2013)

In contrast to Muslins traditions and costumes, the US government and society seems to invest in the media to forge discourses on Western way of life. In addition, it creates idealized images of the woman, the hero, the father, the family, and an everyday speech invoking repeated and widespread moral values, including ���justice��� and ���freedom���, in opposition to the ���terror���. In this research we analysed the TV series Homeland, using as theoretical support the Cultural Studies, particularly the concept of Social Representation by Denise Jodelet, the analytics tools created by Michel Foucault on power devices, and feminist studies by Teresa of Lauretis. I���ve tried to see how forces in correlations operate, and how representations of womanhood, sexuality and nationality are built and reiterated in speeches, creating patterns of behaviour for men and women. Spreading images of the ���good��� man, the ���good��� wife, and the ���hero���, the audio-visual product creates and produces the family, the society and the nation considered exemplar.

UMA NARRATIVA MIDIATIZADA DO COTIDIANO: As charges de Pol��tica Internacional de Angeli (2001-2012)

Esta pesquisa se insere nas discuss��es sobre comunica����o midi��tica nas intera����es sociais. Traz como tema a charge enquanto narrativa midiatizada do cotidiano, a partir de um estudo de natureza bibliogr��fica e de um exerc��cio de aplica����o no qual foram estudadas as charges de Angeli reunidas na colet��nea O lixo da hist��ria, publicada pela editora Companhia das Letras. Dentre os autores e teorias trabalhadas destacam-se: a conceitua����o de narrativa, proposta por Luiz Gonzaga Motta; a ideia da midiatiza����o da sociedade, a partir da discuss��o de Jos�� Luiz Braga; a teoria de media����es culturais de Jes��s Martin-Barbero; os estudos de cotidiano de Michel de Certeau; e o entendimento de cultura, fundamentado nos Estudos Culturais. A partir das leituras e an��lise realizadas, a pesquisa trouxe a tona as percep����es de que a charge �� uma narrativa do absurdo e narrativa absurda de um momento hist��rico, de maneira a inseri-la enquanto monumento historiogr��fico do cotidiano. Assim como �� feito com as narrativas jornal��sticas, a charge demanda uma vis��o cr��tica, observando n��o apenas a sua forma, mas sim o seu contexto.

CONSTRU����ES IMAGIN��RIAS NO CONTEXTO DE UM FEN��MENO MUSICAL DE MASSA: O CASO DO CANTOR MICHEL TEL��

Estudo sobre o processo de constru����o imagin��ria do p��blico de g��nero feminino ao consumir os produtos dos fen��menos musicais de massa, no Brasil. Tendo como base o caso do sucesso do cantor Michel Tel��, representante do g��nero musical sertanejo universit��rio, o objetivo �� compreender o processo de constru����o imagin��ria que permeia a rela����o do p��blico feminino (f��s) e consumo do g��nero musical sertanejo universit��rio, a partir do discurso do cantor Michel Tel��. Para tal, ser�� tomado referencial te��rico do campo dos Estudos Culturais em di��logo com estudos sobre imagin��rio e m��sica de massa. A an��lise do discurso, de linha francesa, �� a metodologia empregada em duas inst��ncias para se testar as reflex��es constru��das com a base te��rica: a priori, a partir de um processo de observa����o participante, durante um espet��culo do artista, em que ser�� observada a intera����o entre ���fen��meno��� e p��blico, no momento de execu����o da sua m��sica ���Ai, se eu te pego!���; e, doravante, o discurso do m��sico �� analisado, por meio de entrevistas realizadas em programas televisivos. Um question��rio aplicado a uma amostra entre o p��blico feminino apreciador do cantor e de suas m��sicas contribui ainda no aprofundamento da reflex��o. Resulta desta pesquisa a compreens��o da proemin��ncia do discurso ao conte��do. Desta maneira, a import��ncia maior se encontra na forma com que o cantor dialoga com seu p��blico, por meio da imagem que ele constr��i em torno de si.

HIP HOP COMO PROCESSO COMUNICACIONAL E SOCIABILIDADE PARA JOVENS IND��GENAS DE DOURADOS ��� MS

Estudo sobre o Hip Hop como processo comunicacional e sociabilidade entre jovens ind��genas de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, para verificar quais os principais objetivos da pr��tica do movimento Hip Hop, compreender se serve como comunica����o, contribui para o fortalecimento da l��ngua guarani ou gera novas tens��es sociais na reserva. Para tanto, foi analisado aspectos hist��ricos do movimento, passando pelos Estudos Culturais, e como Movimento Social, dando in��cio �� discuss��o de uma voz alternativa por meio do Hip Hop. Do ponto de vista metodol��gico, trata-se de um de estudo de caso, com representantes dos grupos de jovens Br�� Mc's e Jovens Conscientes, das reservas Jaguapir�� e Boror��, das etnias Guarani-Kaiow�� de Dourados (MS). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a jovens que participaram das oficinas de hip hop, das lideran��as ind��genas e professores. A investiga����o �� complementada pela pesquisa bibliogr��fica, documental e an��lises das letras de rap em confronta����o com as vis��es da imprensa, a partir da an��lise dos jornais Di��rio MS e O Progresso. Os resultados apontam que os jovens se apropriam de uma cultura global para transformar o ambiente local com objetivo de preservar a l��ngua guarani, uma alternativa para o conhecimento, logo para n��o seguirem caminhos como o das drogas. Negociando falas sobre sua realidade, dentro e fora da reserva, j�� que nos meios de comunica����o locais h�� pouco espa��o para a voz dos ind��genas e dentro da reserva ainda h�� contesta����o do movimento em um contexto pol��tico, na tentativa de atingir uma cultura ���pura���, devido �� preocupa����o dos mais velhos com a perda de territ��rio.