952 resultados para anomalous Eu3 5D0->F-7(0) transition
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Dentre os frutos do Cerrado, destaca-se o pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), que constitudo por aproximadamente 80% de casca, que desprezada; no entanto, apresenta potencial de utilizao em vrias aplicaes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influncia das variveis concentrao de cido ctrico, temperatura e tempo de extrao sobre o rendimento e o grau de esterificao da pectina extrada da casca de pequi e compar-la com a pectina ctrica comercial aplicada na formulao de geleia light. Obtiveram-se rendimentos de pectina entre 14,89 e 55,86 g.100g-1. A pectina obtida da casca de pequi caracterizou-se por apresentar baixo grau de esterificao (11,79-48,87%). A geleia light elaborada a partir da pectina da casca de pequi, extrada temperatura de 84C por 92 minutos, na presena de 2% de cido ctrico, obteve boa aceitao por parte dos provadores, alcanando escores mdios acima de 7,0, diferindo da geleia produzida com pectina ctrica comercial apenas na aparncia. Conclui-se que vivel utilizar a pectina da casca de pequi como ingrediente para formulao de geleia light de manga.
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BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative lipid storage disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentation and challenging diagnostic procedures. Recently oxysterols have been reported to be specific biomarkers for NP-C but knowledge on the intra-individual variation and on reference intervals in children and adolescents are lacking. METHODS: We established a LC-MS/MS assay to measure Cholestane-3β, 5α, 6β-triol (C-triol) and 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC) following Steglich esterification. To assess reference intervals and intra-individual variation we determined oxysterols in 148 children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years and repeat measurements in 19 of them. RESULTS: The reported method is linear (r>0.99), sensitive (detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL [0.07 nM] for C-triol, and 0.54 ng/mL [1.35 nM] for 7-KC) and precise, with an intra-day imprecision of 4.8% and 4.1%, and an inter-day imprecision of 7.0% and 11.0% for C-triol (28 ng/ml, 67 nM) and 7-KC (32 ng/ml, 80 nM), respectively. Recoveries for 7-KC and C-triol range between 93% and 107%. The upper reference limit obtained for C-triol is 40.4 ng/mL (95% CI: 26.4-61.7 ng/mL, 96.0 nM, 95% CI: 62.8-146.7 nM) and 75.0 ng/mL for 7-KC (95% CI: 55.5-102.5 ng/mL, 187.2 nM, 95% CI: 138.53-255.8 nM), with no age or gender dependency. Both oxysterols have a broad intra-individual variation of 46%23% for C-triol and 52%29% for 7-KC. Nevertheless, all Niemann-Pick patients showed increased C-triol levels including Niemann-Pick type A and B patients. CONCLUSIONS: The LC-MS/MS assay is a robust assay to quantify C-triol and 7-KC in plasma with well documented reference intervals in children and adolescents to screen for NP-C in the pediatric population. In addition our results suggest that especially the C-triol is a biomarker for all three Niemann-Pick diseases.
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The use of Passiflora species for ornamental purposes has been recently developed, but little is known about pollen viability and the potential for crossing different species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pollen viability of six Passiflora species collected from different physiological stages of development through in vitro germination and histochemical analysis using dyes. The pollen was collected in three stages (pre-anthesis, anthesis and post-anthesis). Three compositions of culture medium were used to evaluate the in vitro germination, and two dyes (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, or TTC, and Lugol's solution) were used for the histochemical analysis. The culture medium containing 0.03% Ca(NO3) 4H2O, 0.02% of Mg(SO4 ).7H2O, 0.01% of KNO3, 0,01% of H3BO3, 15% sucrose, and 0.8% agar, pH 7.0, showed a higher percentage of pollen grains germinated. Anthesis is the best time to collect pollen because it promotes high viability and germination. The Lugol's solution and TTC dye overestimated the viability of pollen, as all accessions showed high viability indices when compared with the results obtained in vitro.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conservao do abacate 'Hass'frigoarmazenado submetido a atmosferas modificadas ativas. Os frutos foram acondicionados em embalagem de nilon+polietileno e submetidos injeo de mistura de gases, constituindo os tratamentos: I - mistura gasosa do ambiente (21,0 kPa de O2+0,03 kPa de CO2); II - 4,0 kPa de O2+5,0kPa de CO2 ; III - 4,0 kPa de O2+6,0 kPa de CO2 ; IV - 4,0 kPa de O2+7,0 kPa de CO2, e V- 4,0 kPa de O2+8,0 kPa de CO2). As embalagens contendo os frutos foram armazenadas em cmara frigorfica, a uma temperatura de 101ºC e umidade relativa de 905%, durante 25 dias, sendo as anlises realizadas a cada 5 dias. As anlises realizadas foram perda de massa, atividade respiratria, potencial hidrogeninico (pH), firmeza, acidez titulvel (AT), slidos solveis (SS) e atividade das enzimas pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). O tratamento em que os frutos foram submetidos presso parcial de 4,0 kPa de O2+7,0 kPa de CO2 foi o mais efetivo na conservao dos frutos, principalmente pela menor perda de massa e baixa produo de CO2.
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Tyn tarkoituksena on tutkia pinon ylikirjoitukseen perustuvien hykkysten toimintaa ja osoittaa kokeellisesti nykyisten suojaustekniikoiden olevan riittmttmi. Tutkimus suoritetaan testaamalla miten valitut tietoturvatuotteet toimivat eri testitilanteissa. Testatut tuotteet ovat Openwall, PaX, Libsafe 2.0 ja Immunix 6.2. Testaus suoritetaan pasiassa RedHat 7.0 ympristss testiohjelman avulla. Testeiss mitataan sek tuotteiden kyky havaita hykkyksi ett niiden nopeusvaikutukset. Mys erityyppisten hykkysten ja niit vastaan kehitettyjen metodien toimintaperiaatteet esitelln seikkaperisesti ja havainnollistetaan yksinkertaistetuilla esimerkeill. Esitellyt tekniikat sisltvt puskurin ylivuodot, laittomat muotoiluparametrit, loppumerkittmt merkkijonot ja taulukoiden ylivuodot. Testit osoittavat, etteivt valitut tuotteet est kaikkia hykkyksi, joten lopuksi perehdytn mys vahinkojen minimointiin onnistuneiden hykkysten varalta.
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RESUMO A presena dos glicosdeos cianognicos amigdalina e prunassina, e de -glucosidases as quais hidrolisam estas molculas, faz com que a amndoa de pssego apresente potencial toxidez pela possibilidade de liberao de cianeto de hidrognio, impossibilitando a utilizao da amndoa e de subprodutos como alimentos. At o presente, no h dados disponveis na literatura sobre as condies de hidrlise das enzimas presentes neste material. Este trabalho visou a mensurar o contedo de amigdalina, e as condies ideais de pH, temperatura e concentrao do substrato de extrato bruto de -glucosidases para a atuao enzimtica, em amndoas de pssego. Os resultados demonstraram a presena do glicosdeo na amndoa de pssego em nveis semelhantes aos relatados para outras amndoas. Quanto atividade de -glucosidase, a enzima apresentou Km e Vmx de 2,7 mmol.L-1 de amigdalina e 0,1407 mmol de glicose.min-1.mg-1 de protena, respectivamente, valores que indicam menor afinidade pelo substrato amigdalina do que de enzimas purificadas que catalisam as mesmas reaes. O pH timo da enzima foi o 7,0, porm entre 5,0; 6,0 e 8,0 ainda ocorre elevada atividade. A enzima demonstrou estabilidade nas temperaturas empregadas neste estudo, apresentando mxima atividade a 60C. Deste modo, o uso destas alteraes no suficiente para inativao enzimtica e utilizao segura das amndoas de pssego.
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Le taux de radmission 30 jours de la sortie de l'hpital est un indicateur de la qualit de prise en charge hospitalire pouvant reflter des soins suboptimaux ou une coordination insuffisante avec les intervenants ambulatoires. Il existe un algorithme informatis valid dnomm SQLape qui, bas sur des donnes administratives suisses, les codes diagnostiques et les codes d'interventions, permet d'identifier rtrospectivement les radmissions potentiellement vitables (REAPE), avec une haute sensibilit (96%) et spcificit (96%). Sont considres REAPE, les radmissions prcoces (< 30 jours), non planifies la sortie du sjour index et dues un diagnostic dj actif lors du prcdent sjour ou dues une complication d'un traitement. Le but de notre tude a t d'analyser rtrospectivement tous les sjours des patients admis dans le service de Mdecine Interne du CHUV entre le 1 janvier 2009 et le 31 dcembre 2011, afin de quantifier la proportion de REAPE, puis d'identifier des facteurs de risques afin d'en driver un modle prdictif. Nous avons analys 11'074 sjours. L'ge moyen tait de 72 +/- 16,8 ans et 50,3 % taient des femmes. Nous avons comptabilis 8,4 % dcs durant les sjours et 14,2 % radmissions 30 jours de la sortie, dont la moiti (7,0 %) considres potentiellement vitables selon SQLape. Les facteurs de risques de REAPE que nous avons mis en vidence taient les suivants : au moins une hospitalisation antrieure l'admission index, un score de comorbidit de Charlson > 1, la prsence d'un cancer actif, une hyponatrmie, une dure de sjour > 11 jours ou encore la prescription d'au moins 15 mdicaments diffrents durant le sjour. Ces variables ont t utilises pour en driver un modle prdictif de REAPE de bonne qualit (aire sous la courbe ROC de 0,70), plus performant pour notre population qu'un autre modle prdictif dvelopp et valid au Canada, dnomm score de LACE. Dans une perspective d'amlioration de la qualit des soins et d'une rduction des cots, la capacit identifier prcocement les patients risque lev de REAPE permettrait d'implmenter rapidement des mesures prventives cibles (par exemple un plan de sortie dtaill impliquant le patient, son entourage et son mdecin traitant) en plus des mesures prventives gnrales (par exemple la rconciliation mdicamenteuse)
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Alterations in the hepatic lipid content (HLC) and fatty acid composition are associated with disruptions in whole body metabolism, both in humans and in rodent models, and can be non-invasively assessed by (1)H-MRS in vivo. We used (1)H-MRS to characterize the hepatic fatty-acyl chains of healthy mice and to follow changes caused by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Using STEAM at 14.1 T with an ultra-short TE of 2.8 ms, confounding effects from T2 relaxation and J-coupling were avoided, allowing for accurate estimations of the contribution of unsaturated (UFA), saturated (SFA), mono-unsaturated (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated (PUFA) fatty-acyl chains, number of double bonds, PU bonds and mean chain length. Compared with in vivo (1) H-MRS, high resolution NMR performed in vitro in hepatic lipid extracts reported longer fatty-acyl chains (18 versus 15 carbons) with a lower contribution from UFA (61 1% versus 80 5%) but a higher number of PU bonds per UFA (1.39 0.03 versus 0.58 0.08), driven by the presence of membrane species in the extracts. STZ injection caused a decrease of HLC (from 1.7 0.3% to 0.7 0.1%), an increase in the contribution of SFA (from 21 2% to 45 6%) and a reduction of the mean length (from 15 to 13 carbons) of cytosolic fatty-acyl chains. In addition, SFAs were also likely to have increased in membrane lipids of STZ-induced diabetic mice, along with a decrease of the mean chain length. These studies show the applicability of (1)H-MRS in vivo to monitor changes in the composition of the hepatic fatty-acyl chains in mice even when they exhibit reduced HLC, pointing to the value of this methodology to evaluate lipid-lowering interventions in the scope of metabolic disorders.
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OBJETIVO: Mostrar a eficcia do mtodo para evitar bipsias excisionais, verificar suas dificuldades tcnicas, definir entre seguimento e bipsia excisional nos ndulos categoria IV do BI-RADS™ e agilizar o procedimento cirrgico nos casos de ndulos altamente suspeitos de malignidade (categoria V). MATERIAIS E MTODOS: As pacientes foram submetidas a exame clnico de rotina, mamografia e ultra-som. A "core" foi feita com pistola automtica e agulha nmero 14, e foram colhidas de quatro a oito amostras. RESULTADOS: Das 100 leses estudadas, 47 foram submetidas cirurgia, alm da "core", e diagnosticaram-se 34 carcinomas (34,0%). Das 23 leses classificadas como categoria III, identificou-se apenas um carcinoma (4,34%); das 43 classificadas como categoria IV, sete (16,28%); e das 34 classificadas como categoria V, 26 (76,47%). Evitou-se a bipsia excisional em 53 casos (53,0%). Identificou-se dificuldade no mtodo da "core" em sete casos (7,0%), devido a material insuficiente, risco para malignidade envolvendo leses esclerosantes complexas e discordncia entre imagem e histologia. As 33 leses com resultados de malignidade puno bipsia por agulha grossa foram confirmadas aps a bipsia cirrgica. Em um caso o diagnstico pela "core" foi de hiperplasia ductal atpica e aps a bipsia cirrgica da pea diagnosticou-se carcinoma, correspondendo a um resultado falso-negativo. No houve nenhum resultado falso-positivo.
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Isoelectric focusing of human urinary metallothionein at a pH range of 4.8 to 7.0 yielded a single protein band with a pI of 5.57 which co-migrated with authentic purified metallothionein I from human liver. Minimum pretreatment of the urine samples (160 ml) was needed. The preparatory steps included sample concentration with the original protein, enriched from 69 +/- 23 micrograms/ml to 2.0 +/- 1.4 mg/ml (+/- SD; n = 9), followed by heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 5 min (2.4 +/- 1.7 mg protein/ml). After focusing, the gels were stained with silver and the lanes were scanned with a laser scanner. Peak areas were used for quantitation with commercial beta 2-microglobulin as a standard. The urinary metallothionein ranged from 1.0 to 2.6 nmol/mmol creatinine, which is comparable with values reached by radio-immunoassay.
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Aim: We have previously documented the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP in a multicenter trial of MPM (Weder, Ann Oncol 18: 1196, 2007). The objectives of the trimodality trial SAKK17/04 (NCT00334594) were to evaluate the time to loco-regional relapse with or without high dose hemithoracic radiotherapy in a prospective multicenter randomized phase II trial in patients with R0 and R1 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP. Methods: Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed MPM, surgically resectable TNM stage (T1-3 N0-2 M0), PS0-1, ages 18-70 years. Part 1 had a phase II design, and included neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 3 cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed, followed by restaging and EPP. The primary endpoint of part 1 was complete macroscopic resection (R0-1). Part 2 randomized consenting patients with R0-1 resection into two parallel phase II arms (control arm A and radiotherapy arm B). The primary endpoint for part 2 was loco-regional relapse-free survival (RFS). To detect a 1 year increase with 80% power and 10% alpha, 37 patients were needed for arm B. Secondary endpoints included operability, tolerability of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, survival, and translational research Results: Because accrual of part 2 was slower than planned, the trial was stopped in 2013. Overall, 153 patients entered the trial, of whom 125 underwent surgery and 99 had a complete macroscopic resection (primary endpoint part 1). Of the later patients, 54 could be randomized 1:1 into each arm. Reasons for non-randomization included patient refusal in 24 and ineligibility or protocol deviations in 21. Of the 27 patients randomized to hemithoracic radiotherapy, 25 completed the treatment as planned. For part 1 the median RFS was 8.8 (95%CI: 7.3-10.7) and median OS was 15.0 (95% CI: 12.1-19.3) months. For part 2 the median local RFS for group A was 7.6 (95%CI: 5.5-10.7) and for group B 9.4 (95%CI: 6.5-11.9) months (primary endpoint part 2), while the overall RFS and OS for group A were 5.7 (95%CI: 3.5-8.8) and 16.9 (95%CI: 10.7-23.6) months and for group B 7.6 (95% CI:5.2-10.6) and 14.9 (95%CI: 7.0-17.6) months. Conclusions: This study did not reach the primary endpoint which was defined as one-year increase in loco-regional relapse-free survival and thus does not support the routine use of hemithoracic RT after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and EPP. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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La grande prmaturit, soit une naissance avant 32/40 semaines de gestation, concerne 1% des enfants en Suisse. L'avenir dveloppemental de ces enfants prmaturs est influenc pai" des facteurs prsents avant la naissance, durant le sjour nonatal, puis par l'environnement. Certains enfants, terme ou prmaturs, naissent avec un poids trop petit pour l'ge gestationnel (Retard de Croissance Intra-utrin, RCIU). Chez les enfants ns terme, les recherches montrent que cet lment est associ des troubles du comportement, et notamment une hyperactivit. Chez l'enfant grand prmatur, les rsultats sont plus mitigs, certaines tudes montrent plus de dficiences cognitives, d'autres plus d'hyperactivit, et finalement d'autres aucune squelle. L'objectif de cette analyse rtrospective tait donc d'valuer l'impact, dans une cohorte d'enfants prmaturs ns entre 2000 et 2005, du RCIU sur les scores cognitifs, le risque de dficience motrice, visuelle ou auditive, et le comportement. Durant cette priode, 523 patients ns avant 32 semaines de gestation ont t hospitaliss dans notre centre tertiaire, dont 450 ont survcu et 343 (76%) ont t valus l'ge de 5 ans. L'valuation 5 ans comprenait une anamnse, un examen neurologique dtaill, une valuation cognitive au moyen d'un test standardis, le K-ABC, et un questionnaire de dpistage des troubles du comportement (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Les analyses de rgression ont montr l'absence d'association entre le petit poids de naissance et les score cognitifs, le risque de dficience neuro d veloppementale (retard mental, paralysie crbrale, ccit ou surdit), ou l'utilisation de thrapies. Par contre, comme chez les enfants ns terme, cet lment tait significativement associ au comportement hyperactif. Les facteurs nonataux associs au score cognitif dans l'analyse multi varie taient l'ge gestationnel, le niveau socio-conomique et les lsions crbrales majeures. Le risque de dficience tait influenc par l'ge gestationnel, les lsions crbrales, la consommation de tabac durant la grossesse et l'asphyxie nonatale (pH< 7.0 et encphalopathie). La prsence de lsions crbrales majeures tait associe l'utilisation de plusieurs thrapies, alors que 1 utilisation d'une seule thrapie tait associe l'ge gestationnel, la prsence d'une entrocolite ncrosante, ou d'une asphyxie nonatale. Conclusion : Dans notre cohorte, le petits poids de naissance chez les enfants grands prmaturs n'tait associ qu'au comportement hyperactif, et aucune autre squelle neurodeveloppementale. Pour mieux dfinir l'impact du RCIU chez les grands prmaturs, des etudes complmentaires, permettant de distinguer les patients avec petit poids constitutionnel de ceux avec retard de croissance, sont ncessaires.
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STUDY OBJECTIVES: Narcolepsy with cataplexy is tightly associated with the HLA class II allele DQB1*06:02. Evidence indicates a complex contribution of HLA class II genes to narcolepsy susceptibility with a recent independent association with HLA-DPB1. The cause of narcolepsy is supposed be an autoimmune attack against hypocretin-producing neurons. Despite the strong association with HLA class II, there is no evidence for CD4+ T-cell-mediated mechanism in narcolepsy. Since neurons express class I and not class II molecules, the final effector immune cells involved might include class I-restricted CD8+ T-cells. METHODS: HLA class I (A, B, and C) and II (DQB1) genotypes were analyzed in 944 European narcolepsy with cataplexy patients and in 4,043 control subjects matched by country of origin. All patients and controls were DQB1*06:02 positive and class I associations were conditioned on DQB1 alleles. RESULTS: HLA-A*11:01 (OR = 1.49 [1.18-1.87] P = 7.0*10(-4)), C*04:01 (OR = 1.34 [1.10-1.63] P = 3.23*10(-3)), and B*35:01 (OR = 1.46 [1.13-1.89] P = 3.64*10(-3)) were associated with susceptibility to narcolepsy. Analysis of polymorphic class I amino-acids revealed even stronger associations with key antigen-binding residues HLA-A-Tyr(9) (OR = 1.32 [1.15-1.52] P = 6.95*10(-5)) and HLA-C-Ser(11) (OR = 1.34 [1.15-1.57] P = 2.43*10(-4)). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a genetic basis for increased susceptibility to infectious factors or an immune cytotoxic mechanism in narcolepsy, potentially targeting hypocretin neurons.
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One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Wellcome Trust.
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Systematic study of the interactions of ionic surfactants with protein trypsin in buffer solution pH 3.5, 7.0 and 9.0, ionic strength 10 mM at 298 K was done using the microcalorimetric technique. In this study, anionic surfactant solutions of the sodium n-alkyl sulfates series (C8, C10, C12 and C14) were used. The enthalpy of interaction (ΔintH) shows that the interaction of the surfactants C8, C10, C12 and C14 with trypsin in the solution pH 3.5 is an endothermic process with the value of ΔintH decreasing linearly with increasing carbon chain length, which is attributed to the unfolding of the polypeptide chain. In the solution pH 7.0, we observed the same trend except for C14. In the solution pH 9.0, from C10 the enthapy of interaction didn't change with the increasing of the carbon chain length due to unfolding of the polypeptide. We concluded that when trypsin is folded, the enthalpy of interaction shows a linear relationship with the surfactant's hydrophobicity, in agreement with Traube's rule.
