Activismo digital y social como innovación metodológica universitària

En la actualidad son numerosos los medios de interacción personal individual o entre organizaciones. La oferta de plataformas es prácticamente incontable y la oferta de contenidos es prácticamente infinita. La experiencia que presentamos pretende que los estudiantes universitarios tengan una experiencia de comunicación mediante las nuevas tecnologías con la finalidad de poder generar un trabajo colaborativo que posibilite, en parte, el cambio social.

La evaluación entre iguales en la educación social: entre lo profesional y lo académico

El siguiente artículo describe la experiencia de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en la evaluación entre iguales aplicada a la profesionalización de los educadores/as sociales.Tanto a nivel escolar como universitario, hay numerosas experiencias publicadas en relación con la metodología de evaluación entre iguales. Además, existen numerosos apartados de los “Documentos profesionalizadores” donde se justifica el hecho de que se entrenen algunas habilidades que deberían darse en la práctica profesional (como porejemplo en la definición, en el código ético y en el catálogo de funciones y competencias del educador/a social). En estas páginas pretendemos dar a conocer la experiencia de entrenamiento de futuros educadores/as en aspectos que tienen una relación directa con la evaluación entre educadores/as sociales.

The Multiscenario Multienvironment BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB)

A new multimodal biometric database designed and acquired within the framework of the European BioSecure Network of Excellence is presented. It is comprised of more than 600 individuals acquired simultaneously in three scenarios: 1) over the Internet, 2) in an office environment with desktop PC, and 3) in indoor/outdoor environments with mobile portable hardware. The three scenarios include a common part of audio/video data. Also, signature and fingerprint data have been acquired both with desktop PC and mobile portable hardware. Additionally, hand and iris data were acquired in the second scenario using desktop PC. Acquisition has been conducted by 11 European institutions. Additional features of the BioSecure Multimodal Database (BMDB) are: two acquisitionsessions, several sensors in certain modalities, balanced gender and age distributions, multimodal realistic scenarios with simple and quick tasks per modality, cross-European diversity, availability of demographic data, and compatibility with other multimodal databases. The novel acquisition conditions of the BMDB allow us to perform new challenging research and evaluation of eithermonomodal or multimodal biometric systems, as in the recent BioSecure Multimodal Evaluation campaign. A description of this campaign including baseline results of individual modalities from the new database is also given. The database is expected to beavailable for research purposes through the BioSecure Association during 2008.

Significados atribuídos por puérperas às síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e nascimento prematuro

Este estudo objetivou compreender os significados de puérperas sobre as síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez que tiveram como consequência o parto pré-termo. Participaram 70 mulheres com idade média de 28 anos e para 85,7% delas o parto ocorreu entre 32 e 36 semanas de gestação. Foi aplicado um questionário com questões subjetivas, com a finalidade de identificar os significados das síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez e do parto prematuro para puérperas. Os resultados foram analisados com base no referencial teórico metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Evidenciou-se a construção de uma representação social de caráter negativo, que teve como núcleo central a morte e como periféricos os aspectos negativos decorrentes dos riscos aos quais estiveram expostos mãe e feto durante a gravidez e o parto e, posteriormente, no período puerperal, com a hospitalização do filho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal.

Melastatin Expression in Ocular Melanocytic Proliferations

Purpose: Melastatin (MLSN-1) belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamilly of calcium-permeable channels, and has been reported to be a melanocyte-specific gene. In human cutaneous melanoma, MLSN-1 mRNA expression displays a pattern of inverse correlation to disease free survival. We describe the patterns of MLSN-1 mRNA expression in conjunctival nevi, conjunctival melanoma, and uveal melanoma. Methods: In situ hybridization using two S35-labelled riboprobes for MLSN-1 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A control probe for H4 histone was used to confirm mRNA integrity in these archival tissues. The 21 ocular melanocytic lesions studied included 5 conjunctival nevi, 6 conjunctival melanomas, and 10 enucleated eyes with uveal melanoma. The minimal requirement for interpretation of MLSN-1 mRNA loss was the presence of only background signal in a focus of at least 5 adjacent melanocytic cells. Results: Ubiquitous expression of MLSN-1 mRNA was found in conjunctival melanocytes in the non-lesional epithelium adjacent to the conjunctival melanocytic proliferations and in all 5 conjunctival nevi studied. Four different patterns of MLSN-1 mRNA expression were observed in conjunctival melanomas: one case showed complete preservation of MLSN-1 mRNA, two cases showed diffuse scattered loss of MLSN-1 mRNA, two cases showed focal clonal loss of MLSN-1 mRNA expression, and one case had no detected MLSN-1 mRNA. In uveal melanomas, MLSN-1 mRNA expression was partially preserved in two cases, lost by a clearly delimited subset of tumor cells (focal clonal loss) in four cases, and was not detectable in the entire tumor in four cases. MLSN-1 mRNA expression was also found in the normal iris, ciliary and choroidal melanocytes as well as in the retinal pigmented epithelium and in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. Conclusions: The patterns of MLSN-1 mRNA expression in the ocular melanocytic proliferations are similar to those reported in cutaneous melanocytic proliferations. In the conjunctiva, MLSN-1 mRNA expression appeared to correlate with tumor progression; all the benign conjunctival nevi had preserved expression of MLSN-1 mRNA and most of the conjunctival melanomas partial or complete loss of expression. In uveal melanoma, patterns of melastatin expression ranging from partial preservation to complete loss were found. Additional studies of a large number of ocular melanocytic proliferations may show a correlation with tumor progression and prognosis similar to that observed in cutaneous melanoma.

Ocular and systemic bio-distribution of rhodamine-conjugated liposomes loaded with VIP injected into the vitreous of Lewis rats.

PURPOSE: Local delivery of therapeutic molecules encapsulated within liposomes is a promising method to treat ocular inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to define the biodistribution of rhodamine-conjugated liposomes loaded with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunosuppressive neuropeptide, following their intravitreal (IVT) injection in normal rats. METHODS: Healthy seven- to eight-week-old Lewis male rats were injected into the vitreous with empty rhodamine-conjugated liposomes (Rh-Lip) or with VIP-loaded Rh-Lip (VIP-Rh-Lip; 50 mM of lipids with an encapsulation efficiency of 3.0+/-0.4 mmol VIP/mol lipids). Twenty-four h after IVT injection, the eyes, the cervical, mesenteric, and inguinal lymph nodes (LN), and spleen were collected. The phenotype and distribution of cells internalizing Rh-Lip and VIP-Rh-Lip were studied. Determination of VIP expression in ocular tissues and lymphoid organs and interactions with T cells in cervical LN was performed on whole mounted tissues and frozen tissue sections by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS: In the eye, 24 h following IVT injection, fluorescent liposomes (Rh-Lip and VIP-Rh-Lip) were detected mainly in the posterior segment of the eye (vitreous, inner layer of the retina) and to a lesser extent at the level of the iris root and ciliary body. Liposomes were internalized by activated retinal Müller glial cells, ocular tissue resident macrophages, and rare infiltrating activated macrophages. In addition, fluorescent liposomes were found in the episclera and conjunctiva where free VIP expression was also detected. In lymphoid organs, Rh-Lip and VIP-Rh-Lip were distributed almost exclusively in the cervical lymph nodes (LN) with only a few Rh-Lip-positive cells detected in the spleen and mesenteric LN and none in the inguinal LN. In the cervical LN, Rh-Lip were internalized by resident ED3-positive macrophages adjacent to CD4 and CD8-positive T lymphocytes. Some of these T lymphocytes in close contact with macrophages containing VIP-Rh-Lip expressed VIP. CONCLUSIONS: Liposomes are specifically internalized by retinal Müller glial cells and resident macrophages in the eye. A limited passage of fluorescent liposomes from the vitreous to the spleen via the conventional outflow pathway and the venous circulation was detected. The majority of fluorescent liposomes deposited in the conjunctiva following IVT injection reached the subcapsular sinus of the cervical LN via conjuntival lymphatics. In the cervical LN, Rh-Lip were internalized by resident subcapsular sinus macrophages adjacent to T lymphocytes. Detection of VIP in both macrophages and T cells in cervical LN suggests that IVT injection of VIP-Rh-Lip may increase ocular immune privilege by modulating the loco-regional immune environment. In conclusion, our observations suggest that IVT injection of VIP-loaded liposomes is a promising therapeutic strategy to dampen ocular inflammation by modulating macrophage and T cell activation mainly in the loco-regional immune system.

La Reinserción laboral : luces y sombras

La idea de este trabajo nace de los interrogantes que se le crean a uno ante la pasividad social que existe entorno al mundo de la cárcel ¿Quién sabe que hacen ahí? Dicen que trabajan, pero ¿cómo? ¿En qué condiciones? ¿Tienen los mismos derechos laborales que una persona que trabaja en el exterior? ¿Se les paga? ¿Cuánto? ¿Cómo? E incluso hay gente que se pregunta ¿Y por qué se les paga? Estas y muchas preguntas más son las que podría cuestionarse cualquier persona.Desde aquí vamos a intentar desvelar cómo es la vida laboral de una persona que ha sido privada de libertad por sentencia firme.Analizaremos el asunto únicamente en Cataluña, por centrar el trabajo y es que, además, es la única Comunidad Autónoma en todo el Estado que tiene transferidas lascompetencias en materia penitenciaria desde el año 1984, de tal forma que se autogestiona y tiene sus propios organismos para desarrollar las competencias transferidas. (en la ejecución, no en legislación)Recordemos que el organismo que gestiona el trabajo penitenciario en Cataluña es el CIRE, Centre d’Iniciatives per la Reinserció, se trata de una empresa pública del Departament de Justícia de la Generalitat de Cataluña, que tal y como se presentan en su web “tiene como misión fundamental la inserción sociolaboral de las personas bajo medida judicial, ofreciéndoles una formación adecuada – formación profesional - y unos hábitos laborales a través del trabajo en los talleres productivos ubicados dentro o fuera de los centros penitenciarios – trabajo productivo -.”Así pues, encontramos que va a ser el CIRE un protagonista indudable de esta investigación, ya que al ser quien gestiona el tema de ésta, vamos a intentar conocerlo lo más a fondo posible, pues sólo así conoceremos realmente cómo funciona el trabajo de las personas privadas de libertad.Podemos decir, entonces, que el objetivo de este estudio consiste en reafirmar laspalabras del CIRE, apoyando sus argumentos acerca de sus objetivos como empresa pública de reinsertar a estas personas, y darles un trabajo remunerado, o por el contrario, desvelar datos o informaciones que pongan en entredicho lo anterior. Esto último encuentra su fundamento en voces que cuentan que el CIRE mueve toneladas de dinero, que no es transparente en su gestión, algunos se atreven a hablar de “explotación”, hay, pues, personas que dudan acerca de esa misión fundamental que proclaman “la reinserción sociolaboral de las personas bajo medida judicial”.Con estas dos posiciones comenzamos nuestro trabajo, en cuyo desarrollo tratará de inclinarse hacia una u otra de las posiciones anteriores, es decir, que al final de esta investigación, llegado a su fin este trabajo, daremos una visión de lo que creemos que es el trabajo penitenciario en Cataluña, si realmente es una oportunidad para reinsertar a los penados, o por el contrario, se trata de un negocio “público” que tiene unos objetivos distintos.El material que vamos a utilizar, en primer lugar será información acerca del CIRE, como se compone, su historia y sus logros, luego nos hemos movido para poder conseguir varias entrevistas a personas de distintos ámbitos pero que todas ellas tienen alguna relación con el mundo penitenciario, son colaboradores, jueces, empresarios… Ellos nos darán su visión personal del asunto, que nos ayudarán a formar una opinión objetiva del tema. Debemos destacar que hemos mantenido correspondencia postal con Amadeu Casellas, el preso más longevo en años de cárcel de Cataluña, pero que no a sido incluido en el trabajo final, puesto que su opinión se veía claramente motivada por ideales anarquistas, y sus quejas partían de la base de que las cárceles no deberían existir, por lo que consideramos poco objetivo e inútil incluir sus opiniones. Por otro lado, tampoco hemos publicado los correos electrónicos intercambiados con el profesor titular de Derecho Penitenciario de la UB, Iñaki Rivera Beiras debido a que su función a sido más bien un acompañamiento a lo largo de los últimos meses del trabajo y al que agradecemos su dedicación y su libro, que nos ha ayudado a entender las leyes ylagunas jurídicas existentes.Por último, nos gustaría remarcar un hecho que ha condicionado en gran parte el desarrollo de esta investigación, se trata de la opacidad que caracteriza al sistemapenitenciario, no es fácil acceder a la información, y es que estudiar la cárcel, escomplicado. Las entrevistas que se han hecho no muestran quizás todo lo que deberían,y es que sin la grabadora quizás otras informaciones podrían haberse dado. Nosreferimos a datos, hechos o presunciones que nadie ha querido mencionar mientras se legrababa la conversación.Comencemos, pues, este inquietante análisis, del que estamos seguros sacaremos una información muy interesante.

A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase for the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of XG-102 (formerly D-JNKI1), a TAT-coupled dextrogyre peptide that selectively inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, in the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). METHODS: EIU was induced in Lewis rats by LPS injection. XG-102 was administered at the time of LPS challenge. The ocular biodistribution of XG-102 was evaluated using immunodetection at 24 hours after either 20 microg/kg IV (IV) or 0.2 microg/injection intravitreous (IVT) administrations in healthy or uveitic eyes. The effect of XG-102 on EIU was evaluated using clinical scoring, infiltration cell quantification, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and immunohistochemistry, and cytokines and chemokines kinetics at 6, 24, and 48 hours using multiplex analysis on ocular media. Control EIU eyes received vehicle injection IV or IVT. The effect of XG-102 on c-Jun phosphorylation in EIU was evaluated by Western blot in eye tissues. RESULTS: After IVT injection, XG-102 was internalized in epithelial cells from iris/ciliary body and retina and in glial and microglial cells in both healthy and uveitic eyes. After IV injection, XG-102 was concentrated primarily in inflammatory cells of uveitic eyes. Using both routes of administration, XG-102 significantly inhibited clinical signs of EIU, intraocular cell infiltration, and iNOS expression together with reduced phosphorylation of c-Jun. The anti-inflammatory effect of XG-102 was mediated by iNOS, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-13. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence that interfering with the JNK pathway can reduce intraocular inflammation. Local administration of XG-102, a clinically evaluated peptide, may have potential for treating uveitis.

Regionalização e Integração Sistêmica: cenários para a reforma do Sistema de Saúde de Cabo Verde

Este trabalho discute o conceito da regionalização a partir de três eixos principais: a regionalização como um modelo organizacional dos serviços de saúde; a regionalização como um modelo de gestão dos sistemas de saúde que remete para o conceito de racionalização e a regionalização como um modelo de integração sistêmica dos serviços de saúde voltados para a produção de cuidados e ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde por meio de redes assistenciais hierarquizadas, integradas e solidárias. A regionalização dos serviços de saúde surgiu como um dos principais veículos de reforma que os sistemas de saúde de vários países adotaram na sua política de descentralização. Trinta anos depois da independência, a Republica de Cabo Verde busca através da regionalização reformar o seu Serviço Nacional de Saúde. É apresentado um diagnóstico do sistema de saúde do país. Um dos principais condicionantes das reformas são os atores que participam delas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de analisar o comprometimento dos atores-chave com o processo de regionalização na Região Sanitária Santiago Norte – Cabo Verde e a partir daí construir cenários múltiplos de sua operacionalização. Foram construídos três cenários prospectivos. A construção dos cenários prospectivos foi baseada no método de elaboração de cenários de Godet e com adaptações propostas por Rivera com um enfoque mais qualitativo. Outros métodos foram utilizados para apoiar a construção dos cenários: O método Delphy, o método de sistema de impactos cruzados, o método de análise de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A construção dos cenários permitiu a reflexão prospectiva dos atores sobre o processo de regionalização e a antecipação da ação estratégica dos mesmos. O estudo mostrou que a regionalização ocorrerá num ambiente do tipo sistema instável, dependendo a realização do cenário desejável das negociações e coalizões entre os atores-chave. A construção de cenários prospectivos numa perspectiva qualitativa mostrou-se como uma possibilidade consistente e promissora ainda passível de aprofundamento teórico.

Meaning of becoming mother and son/daughter through massage


Objective: Revealing the experience of mothers when massaging their children to know the phenomenon in the context of a mother-child healthy development. Method: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach carried out with 11 women who massaged their children and answered the guiding question: What did the experience of massaging your child mean to you? Results: The experience of massaging their children meant the development of their being a mother and of being a son/daughter, in addition to developing the attachment relationship between them. The massage can operationalize this integrality, become a tool of communication, stimulation and promotion of secure attachment, by promoting the loving interaction between mother and child. Conclusion: This practice should be considered as an option in the programs that promote the comprehensive health of the mother and child.



Study of parental models: building an instrument for their exploration

Objective: This research presents the construction of an attributional questionnaire concerning the different parental models and factors that are involved in family interactions. Method: A mixed methodology was used as a foundation to develop items and respective pilots that allowed checking the validity and internal consistency of the instrument using expert judgment. Results: An instrument of 36 statements was organized into 12 categories to explore the parental models according to the following factors: parental models, breeding patterns, attachment bonds and guidelines for success, and promoted inside family contexts. Analyzing these factors contributes to the children’s development within the familiar frown, and the opportunity for socio-educational intervention. Conclusion: It is assumed that the family context is as decisive as the school context; therefore, exploring the nature of parental models is required to understand the features and influences that contribute to the development of young people in any social context.





Ranibizumab in the management of advanced Coats disease Stages 3B and 4: long-term outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy to completely destroy telangiectatic vessels and ischemic retina in Coats disease is barely applicable in advanced cases with total retinal detachment, and globe survival is notoriously poor in Stages 3B and 4. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections may offer new prospects for these patients. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of all consecutive patients with Coats disease treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant intravitreal ranibizumab plus conventional and amblyopia treatment as appropriate. RESULTS: Nine patients (median age, 13 months) presenting Coats Stages 3B and 4 (5 and 4 eyes, respectively) were included. Iris neovascularization resolved within 2 weeks and retinal reapplication within 4 months in all patients. At last follow-up, globe survival was 100% with anatomical success in 8 of the 9 eyes. With a median follow-up of 50 months, fibrotic vitreoretinopathy was developed in 5 of the 9 cases, one leading to tractional retinal detachment and ultimately phthisis bulbi. The remaining 4 of the 9 eyes achieved some vision (range, 0.02-0.063). CONCLUSION: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the largest reported series of late-stage Coats undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, a homogenous cohort of patients treated with a single agent and with the longest follow-up. This study supports the role of ranibizumab in advanced disease by transient restoration of the hemato-retinal barrier and suppression of neovascularization to facilitate classic treatment. At the last follow-up, the authors report unprecedented anatomical success and functional outcome.