IMPACTO DA RESILIÊNCIA E DA AUTOEFICÁCIA SOBRE BURNOUT EM PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM

O presente estudo buscou investigar o impacto da resiliência e da autoeficácia sobre o burnout em profissionais de enfermagem. O constructo resiliência no contexto do trabalho refere-se a capacidade de adaptação de forma positiva frente às adversidades que ocorrem no ambiente laboral. A autoeficácia no trabalho representa a percepção do indivíduo sobre as suas próprias competências na execução de tarefas. Já o burnout é compreendido como uma síndrome específica do meio laboral como consequência da cronificação do estresse ocupacional, apresentando três dimensões: a exaustão, o cinismo (despersonalização) e a baixa realização profissional. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 82 trabalhadores da área de enfermagem que trabalham em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento UPA s localizadas no estado do Acre. A maior parte dos participantes é do sexo feminino (78%), com idade média de 31 anos (DP=6,8). Para a mensuração das variáveis foram utilizadas a Escala de Resiliência no Trabalho, a Escala de Autoeficácia no Trabalho e a Escala de Caracterização do Burnout, e para coletar os dados sociodemográficos foi aplicado um questionário de autorresposta construído para este estudo. Os dados foram submetidos a análises exploratórias e descritivas, análise de variância (ANOVA), análise de correlação de Pearson e regressão linear múltipla padrão. Os resultados indicaram que os profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram níveis médios de resiliência, autoeficácia e dos componentes exaustão e baixa realização profissional do burnout; e, por sua vez, baixo nível de despersonalização. Constatou-se também correlação entre autoeficácia com dois dos três fatores do burnout: exaustão emocional e decepção no trabalho. Os achados ainda revelaram que resiliência e autoeficácia conjuntamente predizem significativamente ambos os fatores de burnout, exaustão e decepção. No entanto, a variável responsável por esta explicação foi autoeficácia no trabalho, pois apenas ela foi estatisticamente significante para explicar os dois componentes do burnout relatados. Conclui-se que os profissionais que apresentam maior autoeficácia são os que menos sucumbem ao burnout, essa síndrome tão devastadora que ataca de maneira impiedosa os profissionais que lidam no atendimento às pessoas.

Apropiación cultural en las traducciones de una obra (auto)traducida:la proyección exterior de 'Herba Moura', de Teresa Moure

La publicación de la novela Herba moura en 2005 supuso todo un acontecimiento literario en el panorama cultural gallego. En los años inmediatamente posteriores resultaba frecuente toparse con expresiones del tipo “fenómeno Teresa Moure” (Cid 2007: 2; Vilavedra 2005: 331) en alusión a su autora, a quien esta novela feminista habría convertido precisamente en la “autora de moda” (Novo 2006: 208). Y es que la publicación de este libro desencadenaría, en palabras de Helena Miguélez Carballeira, “un estado novo e certamente anovador no sistema literario galego: aquel ocasionado polo feito inédito de que unha escritora atraia arredor de si e da súa obra un torrente imparable de reverberacións mediáticas e paratextuais” (Miguélez Carballeira 2007: 73). En estos ecos mediáticos pronto tendrían cabida también las referencias a las diferentes traducciones de Herba moura, pues tan sólo un año después de su publicación, en septiembre de 2006 salían al mercado la autotraducción de la autora a castellano y la traducción a catalán, a las que seguirían posteriormente las traducciones a otras lenguas europeas como portugués, italiano u holandés. Partiendo de esta constatación, en este artículo me propongo evaluar desde una perspectiva comparada la representación de Herba moura en su contexto de producción original y en los diferentes sistemas meta de su autotraducción y traducciones. Con este análisis buscaré determinar las posibles interferencias y relaciones intertextuales entre las diferentes versiones, valorando en qué medida la proyección interior y exterior de la obra participan (o no) de discursos similares. Comenzaré por explorar la recepción de Herba moura en el sistema literario gallego, para después centrarme en las características de la versión autotraducida Hierba mora y, finalmente, examinar la representación traductiva en Herba d’enamorar, Erva-do-diabo, Le tre donne di Cartesio y Nachschade.

A utilização da pesquisa operacional para o gerenciamento dos leitos em um hospital particular: estudo de caso baseado em simulação computacional

The hospital is a place of complex actions, where several activities for serving the population are performed such as: medical appointments, exams, surgeries, emergency care, admission in wards and ICUs. These activities are mixed with anxiety, impatience, despair and distress of patients and their families, issues involving emotional balance both for professionals who provide services for them as for people cared by them. The healthcare crisis in Brazil is getting worse every year and today, constitutes a major problem for private hospitals. The patient that comes to emergencies progressively increase, and in contrast, there is no supply of hospital beds in the same proportion, causing overcrowding, declines in the quality of care delivered to patients, drain of professionals of the health area and difficulty in management the beds. This work presents a study that seeks to create an alternative tool that can contribute to the management of a private hospital beds. It also seeks to identify potential issues or deficiencies and therefore make changes in flow for an increase in service capacity, thus reducing costs without compromising the quality of services provided. The tool used was the Computational Simulation –based in discrete event, which aims to identify the main parameters to be considered for a proper modeling of this system. This study took as reference the admission of a private hospital, based on the current scenario, where your apartments are in saturation level as its occupancy rate. The relocation of project beds aims to meet the growing demand for surgeries and hospital admissions observed by the current administration.

Escrita colaborativa com google docs: flash fiction, noticing e aprendizagem de inglês como L2

Google Docs (GD) is an online word processor with which multiple authors can work on the same document, in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, which can help develop the ability of writing in English (WEISSHEIMER; SOARES, 2012). As they write collaboratively, learners find more opportunities to notice the gaps in their written production, since they are exposed to more input from the fellow co-authors (WEISSHEIMER; BERGSLEITHNER; LEANDRO, 2012) and prioritize the process of text (re)construction instead of the concern with the final product, i.e., the final version of the text (LEANDRO; WEISSHEIMER; COOPER, 2013). Moreover, when it comes to second language (L2) learning, producing language enables the consolidation of existing knowledge as well as the internalization of new knowledge (SWAIN, 1985; 1993). Taking this into consideration, this mixed-method (DÖRNYEI, 2007) quasi-experimental (NUNAN, 1999) study aims at investigating the impact of collaborative writing through GD on the development of the writing skill in English and on the noticing of syntactic structures (SCHMIDT, 1990). Thirtyfour university students of English integrated the cohort of the study: twenty-five were assigned to the experimental group and nine were assigned to the control group. All learners went through a pre-test and a post-test so that we could measure their noticing of syntactic structures. Learners in the experimental group were exposed to a blended learning experience, in which they took reading and writing classes at the university and collaboratively wrote three pieces of flash fiction (a complete story told in a hundred words), outside the classroom, online through GD, during eleven weeks. Learners in the control group took reading and writing classes at the university but did not practice collaborative writing. The first and last stories produced by the learners in the experimental group were analysed in terms of grammatical accuracy, operationalized as the number of grammar errors per hundred words (SOUSA, 2014), and lexical density, which refers to the relationship between the number of words produced with lexical properties and the number of words produced with grammatical properties (WEISSHEIMER, 2007; MEHNERT, 1998). Additionally, learners in the experimental group answered an online questionnaire on the blended learning experience they were exposed to. The quantitative results showed that the collaborative task led to the production of more lexically dense texts over the 11 weeks. The noticing and grammatical accuracy results were different from what we expected; however, they provide us with insights on measurement issues, in the case of noticing, and on the participants‟ positive attitude towards collaborative writing with flash fiction. The qualitative results also shed light on the usefulness of computer-mediated collaborative writing in L2 learning.

Representações sociais de familiares sobre o atendimento das emergências psiquiátricas

The reformist movements in the field of mental health have pointed battle flags, among which the prioritization of production of mental health care out of the asylum environment should be highlighted, aiming the reduction of psychiatric beds, greater control over the hospitalization, family co-participation and the rescue of the citizenship of the social players involved. With the progressive reduction of asylum beds, associated with a lot of structural problems in the health services, the occurrence of crises outside the hospital environment has been increasingly frequent, thus giving the family an important therapeutic role. In face of this scenario, there is an urgent need to understand the social construction of the care for psychiatric emergencies, identifying the meanings assigned by family members to their constituent aspects. This study seeks to answer the following research question: what are the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte? Therefore, the aim is to analyze the social representations of family members about the care of psychiatric emergencies in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a mixed approach, making use of multimethods: for collection, the semi-structured interview and the Technique of Free Association of Words; for data analysis, the Thematic Analysis of Bardin and its steps was used, with the informational support of the softwares ALCESTE (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d'un Ensemble de Segments de Texte) and Iramuteq (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires); and the theoretical support of social representations. The study participants totaled 72, and they were selected from the following criteria: older than18 years, with degree of kinship with users suffering from some mental and behavioral disorder, and who have already witnessed a situation of crisis, rescued by the SAMU or other means and taken to the psychiatric hospital or general emergency room. Preliminary results point out: 1.Previous note of the research project with the aim to disseminate it in the scientific community and ensure the intellectual property of the work; 2.The contextual analysis of the care for emergencies in the study place. Reflection about the phenomenon provide a name to the care for the psychiatric emergencies, which is called immediate context; the technical and operational aspects that influence the care, as a specific/ general context; and mental health policies in Brazil are identified as metacontext; 3. The systematic review from randomized clinical trials in the databases PubMed, COCHRANE, LILACS, SciELO and SCIRUS, with the use of the descriptors: ‘Physical restraint’, ‘Psychiatric emergency services’, ‘Restraint’, ‘Physical and Emergency Services’, ‘Psychiatric’. Only one work met the search protocol criteria: a short-term essay that records limited results about the proportion of people who are in restraint and seclusion. It does not show statistically significant results in relation to indications, contraindications and risks of the use of physical restraint; 4. The social representations of the care for psychiatric emergencies. The study results point to the presence of five thematic categories: 1. feeling in the face of the crisis/care; 2. thoughts and perspectives about the crisis/care; 3. centrality of care in the medical- medication-hospitalization triad; 4. the thinking/acting in the face of the use of physical restraint and police force; 5. periodicity of crises. The central core of the representation is in the first category, whilst the peripheral elements are in the third and fifth categories. The contrast zone is in the second and fourth categories. The sadness is the most prominent element of the structure. The social representations about the care for psychiatric crises are at a time of transition between the hegemonic and reformist models, with the traditional aspects being predominant, but already showing peripheral and contrast elements that point to a possible change in the representational field.

Características dos programas de residência médica em cardiologia do estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The present study had as goal to evaluate Rio Grande do Norte state’s medical residency programs (MRP) in Cardiology. It’s a descriptive study, including a documental analysis of the program’s accreditation processes (PAP) of cardiology’s medical residency in Rio Grande do Norte state in 2014 and the analysis of the resident’s perception about his professional education as a specialist in Cardiology. Beside the documental analysis of the PAPs, it was applied a semi-structured questionnaire with closed questions Likert style and open questions to all the current and former residents of the MRPs analyzed. Two MRPs in Cardiology were identified in Rio Grande do Norte state, one hosted in a public institution and the other in a private institution. The documental analysis showed a greater amount of preceptors with a good level of ownership on the public institution in comparison with the private one, as well as a bigger number of publications, participation in congresses and in book’s publications. The private institution presents a better Urgency’s infrastructure, with emergency room and cardiologic ICU. It IS clear that the residents are aware of how a good residency must work, as well as the strengths and fragilities of their own residences. Most of Onofre Lopes Universitary Hospital’s residents point out as a strength the organization, participation and quality of the preceptors, practice activities and scientific debates, great amount of patients and the visits and debates with the preceptors on the sickrooms. As the greatest fragilities, they emphasize the lack of a urgency service of their own and a specialized ICU. In Coração Hospital of Natal (HCor), it is listed as weak points the theoretic scheduling and the few ambulatory practices. As positive aspects, they report the preceptors, the agility on the execution of exams, a good number of serious patients and procedures. In both residences, it is seen a certain difficulty in accepting the important and mandatory items imposed by the rules of the Medical Residences’ National Committee, such as: biostatistics, bioethics, medical ethic, epidemiology and research methodology. Besides that, the residents recognize that both hospitals have a good infrastructure and technological support, especially in imaging methods. The evaluation of PRMCs identifies the strengths of each program and the aspects to be improved in both programs. It also allowed the observation of difficulties in accepting some regulations contained in the CNRM resolution by the resident, such as participation in activities such as biostatistics, epidemiology and research methodology as well as the improvement needs of specific technical training, such as in emergency care. Thus, our results make possible to develop strategies for continued improvement of PRMC in RN state. In addition, it enabled the preparation of the resident’s manual in cardiology, containing even a breakdown of resident evaluation system, which could serve as a model for other residency programs.

Otimização de parâmetros mecânicos e microestruturais dos moldes em areia de sílica ligados quimicamente pelo processo de cura a frio em fundição de aço

Surface defects on steel parts borne costs of smelting industries due to the need of rework. Sand molds are frequently used in foundry industries and largely responsible for providing surface defects. This study aims to optimize the levels of the molding process variables to minimize the occurrence of surface defects in steel castings in silica sand molds chemically linked by cold cure process. The methodology used the experimental design with split plot, being considered in the study the resin percentage factors in the mold formulation, addition of iron oxide, type of paint, the paint application method, amount of ink layers, use of hot air along the lines and waiting time of the mold before casting. They were analyzed as response variables erosion defects, sand inclusion, penetration, porosity and surface finish. Tensile strength tests were performed to evaluate the influence of factors on mechanical parameters and the microstructural parameters were carried out the analysis of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis (TG / DSC / dilatometry). The results elucidate that for the faulty erosion, the only significant factor with a 95% confidence level was the type of ink and the ink alumina-based superior results obtained. For the sand inclusion of defect, there were three significant factors, with best results obtained with alumina-based paint and spray applied using hot air in the mold before casting the metal. For the defect penetration, there were four significant factors, the best results being achieved with 0.8% of resin and addition of iron oxide in the molding formulation, the paint being applied by brush and standby time of 24 hours before leak. For the defect porosity with a 95% confidence level, no significant factors. For the defect surface finish, the best results were achieved with the 0.8% formulation of the resin in the mold and application of the paint brush. To obtain the levels of the factors that optimize all defects simultaneously, we performed a weighted average of the results of each type of fault, concluding that the best levels of the factors were: 0.8% resin and addition of iron oxide in the formulation of the template, application of two coats of paint applied with a brush or spray, using hot air in the mold before casting and 24 hours of waiting ready the mold before casting. These levels of the optimized factors were used in an experiment to confirm that ratified the results, helping to reduce rework and consequently reducing costs of cast steel parts.

A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças em risco de transtorno de aprendizagem do Projeto Acerta: um estudo exploratório

Reading and writing are essential rights, which involve individual and social aspects; in addition, these skills are important when it comes to socio economic and political development, critical thinking and an active participation in society (UNESCO 2005). From a neurobiological standpoint, our brain is not prepared for reading, and this practice must be deliberately acquired via instructional guidance (DEHAENE 2009). However, reading disorders and deficits within executive functions, such as low working memory capacity, can make reading arduous. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of reading skills within 45 third grade students from public schools in the city of Natal – RN and its connection to working memory capacity, through information gathered from the Provinha Brasil, data generated from working memory tasks (Portuguese version of AWMA - Automated Working Memory Assessment) and fluid intelligence measures RAVEN. Based on this main objective, we attempted to answer the following research questions: (a) What are the correlations between working memory and reading scores?; (b) What characterizes the relationship between working memory capacity and the risk of reading disabilities amongst the participants in this study?; Following a quantitative research methodology, the Provinhas Brasil from 3rd grade students belonging to the six public schools members of Project ACERTA - Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC)- were analyzed and compared to the scores from the working memory tests and the fluid intelligence ones. Results indicate that reading skills within children at risk of reading disabilities are directly linked to working memory capacity, especially with regards to the phonological component. It is also evident that the participants with less working memory capacity show more difficulties in the reading abilities that demand interpretation skills. Thus, we intend to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnosis of reading disabilities and possible intervention strategies.

A relação entre memória de trabalho e competência leitora em crianças em risco de transtorno de aprendizagem do Projeto Acerta: um estudo exploratório

Reading and writing are essential rights, which involve individual and social aspects; in addition, these skills are important when it comes to socio economic and political development, critical thinking and an active participation in society (UNESCO 2005). From a neurobiological standpoint, our brain is not prepared for reading, and this practice must be deliberately acquired via instructional guidance (DEHAENE 2009). However, reading disorders and deficits within executive functions, such as low working memory capacity, can make reading arduous. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of reading skills within 45 third grade students from public schools in the city of Natal – RN and its connection to working memory capacity, through information gathered from the Provinha Brasil, data generated from working memory tasks (Portuguese version of AWMA - Automated Working Memory Assessment) and fluid intelligence measures RAVEN. Based on this main objective, we attempted to answer the following research questions: (a) What are the correlations between working memory and reading scores?; (b) What characterizes the relationship between working memory capacity and the risk of reading disabilities amongst the participants in this study?; Following a quantitative research methodology, the Provinhas Brasil from 3rd grade students belonging to the six public schools members of Project ACERTA - Avaliação de Crianças em Risco de Transtornos de Aprendizagem (CAPES/OBEDUC)- were analyzed and compared to the scores from the working memory tests and the fluid intelligence ones. Results indicate that reading skills within children at risk of reading disabilities are directly linked to working memory capacity, especially with regards to the phonological component. It is also evident that the participants with less working memory capacity show more difficulties in the reading abilities that demand interpretation skills. Thus, we intend to contribute to the discussion regarding the diagnosis of reading disabilities and possible intervention strategies.

Aglomeração urbana descontínua: o exemplo de Araguari e Uberlândia/MG

The analysis of urban conurbations demands the understanding regarding the difference between urban territorial continuity and spatial continuity. While the spatial continuity is understood due to its interrelations and established fluxes, in other words, through the spatial integration, the territorial continuity is related to the urban tissue. Therefore, the spatial continuity can manifest in a simultaneous way or associated to the territorial discontinuity. From this perspective, the main objective of this research consists on identifying and dimensioning the spatial interactions that are driven to a urban conurbation process between the municipalities of Araguari and Uberlândia/MG, besides the not continuity of the territorial urban area. The intensity of these interactions was identified from the displacements by the dwellers from both municipalities in search of job occupations, education and health assistance. So it would be able to reach the proposed objectives we used several methodological procedures, such as a bibliographic and documental researches. In order to identify the education and work fluxes we analyzed the micro data from the Demographic Census 2010. For the educational sector it was also accomplished a research, in Araguari, the place of residence of students enrolled at Instituto Master de Ensino Presidente Antônio Carlos (IMEPAC) and, in Uberlândia, the place of residence of students enrolled at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). The identification of health fluxes was done through a research, in Uberlândia, of the inpatients' origin at Hospital de Clínicas de Uberlândia of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (HCU/UFU) and, in Araguari, of the origin of patients that are attended at the Pronto-Socorro Municipal. Semi structured interviews were also accomplished with different social actors. Another important step was the use of questionnaires with the inter-municipal public transportation users at their boarding place in Araguari and Uberlândia. This paper was organized in five chapters, while in the first one we accomplished a theoretical discussion over the concept of urban conurbation, in order to presenting the identification and classification criteria and the urban conurbation of non metropolitan criteria. The second chapter analyses the differentiation process between Araguari and Uberlândia, which is a result of the distinct territorial formation of the municipalities. The third chapter analyses the intensity and degree of the spatial interactions between the two municipalities, having as a focus the established fluxes in the work sector. The fourth chapter, on the other hand, focuses on the education and health sectors, while the last chapter accomplishes a discussion to investigate if the analyzed fluxes in the previous chapters make it able to identify if the spatial interactions established between Araguari and Uberlândia are measured through complementarities or dependence. As a result it was possible to identify that, due to the expressiveness of the established fluxes between the two municipalities, beyond the further ones of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba in the three selected sectors, there is a configuration of a discontinuous urban conurbation process. It was also possible to conclude that, despite the fluxes between Araguari and Uberlândia being more representative than the other way around there's a coexistence dependence relationship and complementarity between the two municipalities.

El Astronomicum de Manilio y la ideología del poder

Manilio seguía la tradición de la astronomía de Hiparco, o la de Metón, que había establecido un calendario de diecinueve años como heredero de los tradicionales esfuerzos de control del tiempo, tal como aparecen ya en Hesíodo, siempre vinculados a la vida de los agricultores. Más cercanos en el tiempo, Manilio aparece influido por las Geórgicas de Virgilio y por los Fenómenos de Arato de Solos. Éste había adquirido pronto gran prestigio en Roma, no tanto por su valor científico como por su fuerza propagandística del poder personal, lo que marcará en gran medida la obra de Manilio.

Instauración y consolidación de la inspección veterinaria de carnes en Madrid en la primera mitad del siglo XIX

No cabe duda que mi inicial vinculación profesional y durante largos años, a la inspección veterinaria en mataderos ha influido de manera fundamental a la hora de elegir el tema de este trabajo de investigación. La peculiaridad de que los mataderos fueran los únicos establecimientos alimentarios donde a tiempo completo se encuentra destinado un veterinario de la administración, y por otra parte la responsabilidad que asume al tener que determinar la aptitud para el consumo de las carnes sacrificadas, para lo cual debe desplegar todos sus conocimientos profesionales, pronto atrajeron mi interés en conocer los orígenes y la evolución de esta importante faceta veterinaria. Autores bien conocidos en la historia de la veterinaria como Sanz Egaña, habían investigado de forma prolija la incorporación de los veterinarios a la inspección de mataderos, dejando bien claro dónde y cuándo se origino este aspecto veterinario. Este trabajo intenta tener en cuenta diversos factores que pudieron influir y contribuir a que los veterinarios se iniciaran en la inspección de alimentos, así como explicar las circunstancias en las que se produjo, con la finalidad de contextualizar el origen y las causas desde varios puntos de vista. De ese modo, abordamos el estudio del abastecimiento de alimentos en Madrid para el consumo de la población, como contexto social y económico. El abastecimiento de alimentos fue una responsabilidad municipal, y siempre una cuestión de difícil gestión, en la que el Ayuntamiento debía procurar evitar fraudes, defraudaciones fiscales y garantizar la cantidad y calidad de los alimentos abastecidos, adaptándose permanentemente a los cambios de la población madrileña. El Ayuntamiento de Madrid desarrolló un autentico cuerpo legislativo con el fin regular y normalizar el abasto de carnes, inicialmente en forma de “bandos de buen gobierno” y después a través de reglamentos...

«Cada página lograda es una letra al más allá». Estudio de la correspondencia Américo Castro-Pedro Salinas

Este trabajo explora la correspondencia entre Pedro Salinas y Américo Castro a partir de una edición, que, a causa de la legislación vigente respecto de los derechos de autor, no puede ser publicada. Por tanto, aquí encontramos el estudio introductorio, que analiza ese epistolario desde todas las perspectivas: comenzando con un repaso teórico del subgénero epistolar, pronto se explican las dificultades en torno a la reconstrucción cronológica del epistolario. Temáticamente, se analizan diferentes aspectos, entre los que se encuentran, por ejemplo, los sucesos históricos narrados (con especial atención a las guerras civil y mundial), la educación de su tiempo, la universidad americana o los pasajes sobre la creación de sus propias obras literarias o ensayísticas. Además, se incluye la investigación de la relación tanto entre estos dos autores como con otras muchas figuras importantes de la época. Por último, se explican minuciosamente los criterios de edición seguidos y se incluye una cronología que nos permite ubicar de manera adecuada la génesis de las cartas

Derrida: Deconstrucción, 'différence' y diseminación. Una historia de parásitos, huellas y espectros

La deconstrucción irrumpe en el pensamiento de la escritura, como una escritura de la escritura, que por lo pronto obliga a otra lectura: no ya imantada a la comprensión hermenéutica del sentido que quiere-decir un discurso, a su fondo de ilegibilidad y de deseo de idioma–, a las fuerzas no intencionales inscritas en los sistemas significantes de un discurso que hacen de éste propiamente un “texto”, es decir, algo que por su propia naturaleza o por su propia ley se resiste a ser comprendido como expresión de un sentido, o más bien “expone” éste como efecto –y con su legalidad y necesidad específica– de una ilusión para la conciencia.

Enigmas monetarios en el derecho local. Los mencales y maravedís en los fueros castellanos

La historia de la moneda en la Castilla medieval ha estado siempre mediatizada por la convivencia no siempre armónica entre dos sistemas monetarios muy diferentes. Uno basado en la plata, de origen europeo, otro centrado en el oro, de raíces árabes. La necesidad de conectar y de establecer unas equivalencias entre ellos se convirtió pronto en una necesidad, máxime cuando las monedas de oro incrementaron sus variantes. En esta compleja situación aparecen mencales y maravedís citados conjuntamente en muchos fueros: Zorita, Uclés, Cuenca,... sin que su naturaleza quede del todo clara. Este artículo compara estas referencias y analiza las equivalencias que los unen. Como colofón al trabajo podemos afirmar que los maravedís citados en cada texto corresponden a monedas áureas de distinto peso y valor mientras el mencal es identificado con un ponderal de oro que los relaciona.