993 resultados para Poliovirus Vaccine Oral, supply
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RESUMO - Introduo: A sade oral uma componente essencial na sade geral e no bem-estar dos indivduos. Sabe-se que os problemas de sade oral afectam predominantemente os elementos de nveis socioeconmicos mais baixos, evidenciando a influncia dos determinantes sociais da sade na sade oral das populaes. Os objectivos deste estudo so caracterizar os comportamentos de rotinas dirias de higiene oral, frequncias de idas a consultas de sade oral, auto-avaliao do estado de sade oral e percepo de dor na cavidade oral em crianas de 12 anos em Portugal e analisar a associao entre estes e os factores sociodemogrficos. Mtodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e analtico, abrangendo 1309 jovens e baseado em informao recolhida no III Estudo Nacional de Prevalncia de Doenas Orais (ENPDO). Para alm das estatsticas descritivas usuais, as estatsticas inferenciais basearam-se predominantemente em modelos de regresso logstica binria. Resultados: Dos participantes, 70.6% (n=924) escova duas ou mais vezes por dia com associao com todas as variveis sociodemogrficas. Na anlise multivariada, o gnero masculino (OR=2.088; IC95%: 1.574-2.770, em relao ao gnero feminino), a rea de residncia predominantemente rural ou mediamente urbana (OR= 1.800; IC95%: 2.587; OR=1.516; IC95%: 1.093-2.103, em relao a zonas predominantemente urbanas), a escolaridade da me ser o ensino bsico (OR= 2.112; IC95%: 1.408-3.168, em relao ao ensino superior) e a actividade laboral do pai ser desempregado (OR= 1.938; IC95%: 1.280-2.934, em relao a ser trabalhador) foram as variveis com mais impacto para a adopo de comportamentos de escovagem potencialmente inadequados (p<0.05). A maioria dos inquiridos (94.2%; n=1247) j tinham ido a uma consulta de sade oral e 74.5% (n=860) nos ltimos 12 meses, 95.5% (n=1250) encontram-se satisfeitos com a sade oral e 44.5% (n=578) afirma ter tido algum tipo de dor na cavidade oral nos ltimos 12 meses. Concluso: Os resultados obtidos esto de acordo com a literatura em termos de factores de associao. Desta forma, a sade oral nos jovens de 12 anos em Portugal, nos diversos contextos aqui analisados, pode ser considerada como satisfatria. A nica excepo relevante a componente da dor, com valores alarmantes embora de natureza mais subjectiva. A influncia dos factores sociodemogrficos sugere que futuras abordagens para a promoo da sade oral tenham em conta os determinantes de sade no delineamento de estratgias quer a nvel individual quer a nvel comunitrio.
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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated whether leprosy reactions could be associated with oral infection. METHODS: Leprosy patients (n = 38) with (Group I) and without (Group II) oral infections were selected. Reactions were identified from the clinical and histopathological features associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and10kDa interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) levels, determined before and after elimination of the foci of infection. RESULTS: Group I presented more reactions than group II did, and improvement of the reactions after dental treatment. Serum CRP and IP-10 did not differ before and after the dental treatment, but differed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral infection could be an exacerbating factor in leprosy reactions.
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Unilever Jernimo Martins is a Portuguese joint-venture leading firm in what concerns the supply chain industry of fast-moving consumer goods in Portugal. The scope of analysis of this Work Project is focusing on Unilever-JM operations and services in the Portuguese market regarding quality, efficiency and effectiveness over B2B customers. It will be analysed the possibility of development and implementation of a performance measurement system, Tableau de Bord, which will be crucial for the identification of potential opportunities of improvement with impact in the supply chain processes. This will be completed through the establishment of KPIs to monitor and manage periodically logistics, planning and customer service processes performance, which are the ones where the bottlenecks are impacting more in the supply chain. In this work project the nexus causality for the problems will also be discussed and some recommendations will be prepared to tackle the inefficiencies found through the monitoring of the previous core processes, in order to improve efficacy and quality service of the supply chain.
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The present paper was prepared for the course Project III, with the supervision of Prof. Antnio Moniz, reporting on the author speaking notes at the Winter School on Technology Assessment, 6-7 December 2010, as part of the Doctoral Programme on Technology Assessment at FCT-UNL.
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INTRODUCTION: Some viruses of the Herpesviridae family are frequently the etiologic agents of oral lesions associated with HIV. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus type 6, type 7 and type 8 (HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8) in the oral cavity of HIV-infected children/adolescents and verify the association between viral subtypes and clinical factors. METHODS: The cells of oral mucosa were collected from 50 HIV infected children/adolescents, 3-13 years old (mean age 8.66). The majority (66%) of selected were girls, and they were all outpatients at the pediatric AIDS clinic of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nested-PCR was used to identify the viral types. RESULTS: Absence of immunosuppression was observed in 66% of the children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was used by 72.1% of selected and moderate viral load was observed in 56% of the children/adolescents. Viral types were found in 86% of the children and the subtypes were: HSV-1 (4%), HSV-2 (2%), VZV (4%), EBV (0%), HCMV (24%), HHV6 (18%), HHV-7 (68%), HHV8 (0%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of HAART has helped to reduce oral lesions, especially with herpes virus infections. The health professionals who work with these patients should be aware of such lesions because of their predictive value and the herpes virus can be found circulating in the oral cavity without causing lesions.
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INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the intracellular profile of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from leprosy patients based on oral infections presence to determine whether these coinfections could be associated with pro-inflammatory activity in leprosy. METHODS: Leprosy patients regardless of clinical form and specific leprosy treatment (n=38) were divided into two groups: Group I - leprosy patients with oral infections (n=19), and Group II - leprosy patients without oral infections (n=19). Non-leprosy patients presenting oral infections were assigned to the control Group (n=10). Intracellular IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ production was evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS) before and 7 days after controlling the oral infection in the Group I, before and 7 days after dental prophylaxis in the Group II, and during oral infection process in control Group. RESULTS: Low percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes bearing IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ were observed in the Group I and Group II at baseline and 7 days after therapy or prophylaxis compared to controls. Group I showed reduced percentages of IL-4 at baseline and 7 days after therapy compared to controls, or at baseline of Group II, and the Group II showed reduced percentages of CD3+ cells bearing IL-4 compared to control. An increase of the percentages of CD3+cells bearing IL-4 was observed in the Group I after the oral infections treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of oral infections favors the intracellular cytokines expression and, probably, the inflammatory reaction operating as a stimulatory signal triggering the leprosy reactions.
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Introduction Chagas disease is considered as emerging in the Brazilian Amazon, usually occurring in acute outbreaks. Methods We describe 17 cases of acute Chagas disease in Rio Negro, Amazonas. Results There were 15 males (average age, 31.3 years), all positive for Trypanosoma cruzi in fresh blood smear examination, and 14 positive by xenodiagnosis and PCR. The top clinical manifestations were fever, asthenia, abdominal pain, and palpitations. Electrocardiograms featured low-voltage QRS, anterosuperior divisional block, and right bundle branch block associated with anterosuperior divisional block. Conclusions All patients had consumed açaí products from Monte Alegre in the rural area around Santa Izabel do Rio Negro, Brazil.
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An energy harvesting system requires an energy storing device to store the energy retrieved from the surrounding environment. This can either be a rechargeable battery or a supercapcitor. Due to the limited lifetime of rechargeable batteries, they need to be periodically replaced. Therefore, a supercapacitor, which has ideally a limitless number of charge/discharge cycles can be used to store the energy; however, a voltage regulator is required to obtain a constant output voltage as the supercapacitor discharges. This can be implemented by a Switched-Capacitor DC-DC converter which allows a complete integration in CMOS technology, although it requires several topologies in order to obtain a high efficiency. This thesis presents the complete analysis of four different topologies in order to determine expressions that allow to design and determine the optimum input voltage ranges for each topology. To better understand the parasitic effects, the implementation of the capacitors and the non-ideal effect of the switches, in 130 nm technology, were carefully studied. With these two analysis a multi-ratio SC DC-DC converter was designed with an output power of 2 mW, maximum efficiency of 77%, and a maximum output ripple, in the steady state, of 23 mV; for an input voltage swing of 2.3 V to 0.85 V. This proposed converter has four operation states that perform the conversion ratios of 1/2, 2/3, 1/1 and 3/2 and its clock frequency is automatically adjusted to produce a stable output voltage of 1 V. These features are implemented through two distinct controller circuits that use asynchronous time machines (ASM) to dynamically adjust the clock frequency and to select the active state of the converter. All the theoretical expressions as well as the behaviour of the whole system was verified using electrical simulations.
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Background: Despite the consensus regarding the existence of a relationship between impacts on oral health and health-related quality of life, this relationship, considering the latent nature of these variables, is still poorly investigated. Thus, we performed this study in order to determine the magnitude of the impacts of oral health, demographic and symptom/clinical variables on the health-related quality of life in a Brazilian sample of dental patients. Methods: A total of 1,007 adult subjects enrolled in the School of Dentistry of So Paulo State University (UNESP) - Araraquara Campus for dentistry care between September/2012 and April/2013, participated. 72.4 % were female. The mean age was 45.7 (SD = 12.5) years. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used. The demographic and symptom/clinical variables collected were gender, age, economic status, presence of pain and chronic disease. The impact of studied variables on health-related quality of life were evaluated with a structural equation model, considering the factor Health as the central construct. The fit of the model was first analyzed by the evaluation of the goodness of fit indices ( 2 /df 2.0, CFI and TLI 0.90 and RMSEA < 0.10) and the evaluation of the variables impact over health-related quality of life was based on the statistical significance of causal paths (), evaluated by z tests, for a significance level of 5 %. Results: We observed adequate fit of the model to the data ( 2 /df = 3.55; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05). The impacts on oral health explained 28.0 % of the variability of the health-related quality of life construct, while the total variance explained of the model was 39.0 %. For the demographic and symptom/clinical variables, only age, presence of pain and chronic disease showed significant impacts (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The oral health, age, presence of pain and chronic disease of individuals had significant influence on health-related quality of life.
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The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of supply chain management (SCM) practices to increase a companys performance based on a cross-border and cross-sector analysis. The paper follows a comparative case study approach which was achieved by interviewing supply chain management experts of three companies operating in different industries and positions in a supply chain. Practices that were mutually applied by the firms and their contribution to achieve quality, economic, cost, and time advantages were analyzed. The paper revealed practices, which contribute the most to increase specific performance areas.
