Ternary metal complexes of anionic and neutral pyridoxine (vitamin B6) with 2,2'-bipyridine. Syntheses and x-ray structures of (pyridoxinato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)cobalt(III) perchlorate and chloro(2,2'-bipyridyl)(pyridoxine)copper(II) perchlorate hydrate

Ternary metal complexes involving vitamin B6 with formulas [CO",(PN-H)](anCdI [OC)'(bpy)(PN)Cl]C10(.bpHy 0 = 2,2'-bipyridine, PN = neutral pyridoxine, PN-H = anionic pyridoxine) have been prepared for the first time and characterized by means of magnetic and spectroscopic measurements. The crystal structures of the compounds have also been determined. [CO(PN-H)](CcryIsOta,l)lize s in the space group P2,/c with a = 18.900 (3) A, b = 8.764 (1) A, c = 20.041 (2) A,p = 116.05 (l)', and Z = 4 and [Cu(bpy)(PN)C1]C104-H20in the space group Pi with a = 12.136 (5) A, b = 13.283 (4) A,c = 7.195 (2) A, a = 96.91 (Z)', 0 = 91.25 (3)', y = 71.63 (3)', and Z = 2. The structures were solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by least-squares techniques to R values of 0.080 and 0.042 for 3401 and 2094 independent reflections, respectively. Both structures consist of monomeric units. The geometry around Co(II1) is octahedral and around Cu(I1) is distorted square pyramidal. In [CO(PN-H)]t(wCo IoxOy~ge)n~s ,fro m phenolic and 4-(hydroxymethyl) groups of PN-H and two nitrogens from each of two bpy's form the coordination sphere. In [Cu(bpy)(PN)C1]C104.H20o ne PN and one bpy, with the same donor sites, act as bidentate chelates in the basal plane, with a chloride ion occupying the apical position. In both structures PN and PN-H exist in the tautomeric form wherein pyridine N is protonated and phenolic 0 is deprotonated. However, a novel feature of the cobalt compound is that PN-H is anionic due to the deprotonation of the 4-(hydroxymethyl) group. The packing in both structures is governed by hydrogen bonds, and in the copper compound partial stacking of bpy's at a distance of -3.55 also adds to the stability of the system. Infrared, NMR, and ligand field spectroscopic results and magnetic measurements are interpreted in light of the structures.

Modification of chemical reactivity by cyclodextrins. Observation of moderate effects on Norrish type I and type II photobehavior

The photochemistry and photophysics of organic molecules in organized assemblies are being studied with great interest in order to understand the features controlling the selectivity in the photoreactions brought about by these media.l These studies have paved the way to an intriguing number of possibilities by which photoreactivity can be modified. In this connection, we have investigated the photobehavior of a number of phenyl alkyl ketones and cu,cu-dimethylphenyl alkyl ketones (Scheme I) incorporated in the hydrophobic interior of cyclodextrin cavities.

Wild dogma II: the role and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia

The studies of Allen (2011) and Allen et al. (2011) recently examined the methodology underpinning claims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to have design flaws and/or observational methods that preclude valid interpretations from the data, describing most of the current literature as ‘wild dogma’. In this short supplement, we briefly highlight the roles and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia. We discuss nomenclature, and the influence that unreliable science can have on policy and practice changes related to apex predator management.

Degenerate rhombohedral and orthorhombic states in Ca-substituted Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

Neutron powder diffraction and temperature dependent dielectric studies were carried out on Ca-substituted Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, i.e., (Na0.5Bi0.5)(1-x)CaxTiO3. Stabilization of an orthorhombic phase even at a low Ca concentration (0.05 < x < 0.10) suggests that Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) is susceptible to orthorhombic distortion. The orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases coexist for x=0.10, suggesting these phases to be nearly degenerate. The orthorhombic distortion favoring tendency of Ca assists in promoting the inherent instability with regard to this structure in pure NBT, which was reported recently.

Mixed ligand complexes in vinyl polymerization-II: [NN-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)] (benzoylacetonato)cobalt(III) as an initiator

The polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by a mixed ligand complex. [NN-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)](benzoylacetonato)cobalt(III) has been studied in bulk and in benzene at 70° and 80°. The rate of polymerization is proportional to (concentration of the chelate)Image and the monomer exponent is close to 1.5. The activation energy and the kinetic and transfer constants are evaluated. A free radical mechanism has been proposed.

Preparation and properties of nickel(II) complex dyes

The preparation and properties of five new dyes derived from nickel(I1) ions and aromatic azo derivatives of ethylenebls(P-ketoesters) are reported.

Mononitrosated and phenylamido substituted chelate linkage isomers of quadridentate Schiff base copper(II) complexes

The nitrosation of monophenylamido substituted quadridentate Schiff base complexes of copper(II) are observed to adopt N-bonded isonitroso coordination whereas the phenylisocyanation of the corresponding mononitrosated quadridentate complexes are found to prefer O-bonded isonitroso coordination.

Model of Strangriede Cemetery during World War II when it was a holding area for Jews to be deported; Hannover Cemeteries

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Stock assessment report on Queensland east coast red throat emperor (Lethrinus miniatus) fishery

The Red Throat Emperor fishery was assessed using an age-structured model that incorporated all available information on catch, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and age structure and a surplus production model fitted to the catch and CPUE data. The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) was divided into five regions: Townsville, Mackay, Storm Cay, Swain reefs, and Capricorn Bunker. Age structure varied greatly between regions, with fish aged 5-8 years predominating in the Townsville region, 4-7 years in the Mackay, Storm Cay and Swains regions, and 2-3 years in the Capricorn-Bunker region. These differences were explained by different age-dependent vulnerabilities to fishing between the regions. The age-structured model estimated that exploitable biomass fell to about 60% of virgin biomass in the late 1990s, due mainly to years of poor recruitment, but recovered to around 70% by 2004. Further recovery can be expected due to the fishery not meeting its total allowable commercial catch (TACC) of 700 t in recent years. The current TACC of 700 t, combined with a recreational-charter catch of around 450 t, contains little margin for error, especially in view of high year-to-year variability of recruitment of red throat emperor and stresses on the GBR from land clearing, coastal development and climate change. The state of the population needs to be monitored closely. Further data on age structures after 2000 will provide more certainty to this assessment.

Interior of Aenny Catzenstein nee Gottschalk's cottage during WW II; Ascona, Switzerland Architecture Residences Interiors

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50th wedding anniversary party of Paul Goldschmidt and Ilse nee Molling; Laguna Hills, CA.

Left to right: Margot Molling, Ilse Molling, Adolf Molling, Paul Goldschmidt (husband of Ilse Molling)

Studying the diurnal and seasonal acclimation of photosystem Ii using chlorophyll-a fluorescence

A small fraction of the energy absorbed in the light reactions of photosynthesis is re-emitted as chlorophyll-a fluorescence. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence and photochemistry compete for excitation energy in photosystem II (PSII). Therefore, changes in the photochemical capacity can be detected through analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence techniques have been widely used to follow the diurnal (fast), and the seasonal (slow) acclimation in the energy partitioning between photochemical and non-photochemical processes in PSII. Energy partitioning in PSII estimated through chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a proxy of the plant physiological status, and measured at different spatial and temporal scales. However, a number of technical and theoretical limitations still limit the use of chlorophyll fluorescence data for the study of the acclimation of PSII. The aim of this Thesis was to study the diurnal and seasonal acclimation of PSII in field conditions through the development and testing of new chlorophyll fluorescence-based tools, overcoming these limitations. A new model capable of following the fast acclimation of PSII to rapid fluctuations in light intensity was developed. The model was used to study the rapid acclimation in the electron transport rate under fluctuating light. Additionally, new chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were developed for estimating the seasonal acclimation in the sustained rate constant of thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry. The parameters were used to quantitatively evaluate the effect of light and temperature on the seasonal acclimation of PSII. The results indicated that light environment not only affected the degree but also the kinetics of response of the acclimation to temperature, which was attributed to differences in the structural organization of PSII during seasonal acclimation. Furthermore, zeaxanthin-facilitated thermal dissipation appeared to be the main mechanisms modulating the fraction of absorbed energy being dissipated thermally during winter in field Scots pine. Finally, the integration between diurnal and seasonal acclimation mechanisms was studied using a recently developed instrument MONI-PAM (Walz GmbH, Germany) capable of continuously monitoring the energy partitioning in PSII.

Simultaneous adsorption of Cd(II) and phosphate on Al13 pillared montmorillonite

Al13 pillared montmorillonites (AlPMts) prepared with different Al/clay ratios were used to remove Cd(II) and phosphate from aqueous solution. The structure of AlPMts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and N2 adsorption–desorption. The basal spacing, intercalated amount of Al13 cations, and specific surface area of AlPMts increased with the increase of the Al/clay ratio. In the single adsorption system, with the increase of the Al/clay ratio, the adsorption of phosphate on AlPMts increased but that of Cd(II) decreased. Significantly enhanced adsorptions of Cd(II) and phosphate on AlPMts were observed in a simultaneous system. For both contaminants, the adsorption of one contaminant would increase with the increase of the initial concentration of the other one and increase in the Al/clay ratio. The enhancement of the adsorption of Cd(II) was much higher than that of phosphate on AlPMt. This suggests that the intercalated Al13 cations are the primary co-adsorption sites for phosphate and Cd(II). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated comparable binding energy of P2p but a different binding energy of Cd3d in single and simultaneous systems. The adsorption and XPS results suggested that the formation of P-bridge ternary surface complexes was the possible adsorption mechanism for promoted uptake of Cd(II) and phosphate on AlPMt.

Iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of 2,4-dithiobiuret

Ferrous and ferric complexes of 2,4-dithiobiuret (Dtb) of the type Fe(Dtb)m Xn where m, n = 1-3, and X = CI–, Br–, I– and SO 4 2– , and a neutral Fe(Dtb-H)2 complex have been synthesized and characterised by elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, i.r., electronic and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. From its i.r. spectrum Dtb was found to act as a S,S-coordinating bidentate chelate. The magnetic moment, electronic and Massbauer spectra are consistent with a low spin distorted octahedral structure for the ferric complexes and a high spin form for ferrous complexes.