Micronutrient prenatal supplementation prevents the development of hypertension and vascular endothelial damage induced by intrauterine malnutrition

Aims: The premise that intrauterine malnutrition plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular and renal diseases implies that these disorders can be programmed during fetal life. Here, we analyzed the hypothesis that supplementation with mixed antioxidant vitamins and essential mineral in early life could prevent later elevation of blood pressure and vascular and renal dysfunction associated with intrauterine malnutrition. Main methods: For this, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups on day 1 of pregnancy: control fed standard chow ad libitum; restricted group fed 50% of the ad libitum intake and a restricted plus micronutrient cocktail group treated daily with a combination of micronutrient (selenium, folate, vitamin C and vitamin E) by oral gavage. Key findings: In adult offspring, renal function and glomerular number were impaired by intrauterine malnutrition. and the prenatal micronutrient treatment did not prevent it. However, increased blood pressure and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation were prevented by the micronutrient prenatal treatment. Intrauterine malnutrition also led to reduced NO production associated with increased superoxide generation, and these parameters were fully normalized by this prenatal treatment. Significance: Our current findings indicate that programming alterations during fetal life can be prevented by interventions during the prenatal period, and that disturbance in availability of both antioxidant vitamins and mineral may play a crucial role in determining the occurrence of long-term cardiovascular injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Study of metals transfer from environment using teeth as biomonitor

We investigated chronic incorporation of metals in individuals from poor families, living in a small, restrict and allegedly contaminated area in Sao Paulo city, the surroundings of the Guarapiranga dam, responsible for water supply to 25% of the city population. A total of 59 teeth from individuals 7 to 60 years old were collected. The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni and Cr were determined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The concentrations of all metals as function of the individuals` age exhibited a remarkable similarity: peaks between 7 and 10 years and sharply decreasing at higher ages, which could be attributed to alimentary habits and persistence to metals exposure all along the individuals` life span. From all the measured metals, lead and cadmium were a matter of much more concern since their measured values are close to the upper limits of the world wide averages. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of environmental burden of lead in children using teeth as bioindicator

The south region of Sao Paulo city hosts the Guarapiranga dam, responsible for water supply to 25% of the city population. Their surroundings have been subject to intense and irregular occupation by people from very low socioeconomics classes. Measurements undertaken on sediment and particulate materials in the dam revealed concentrations of lead. copper, zinc and cadmium above internationally accepted limits. Epidemiological and toxicological studies undertaken by the World Health Organization in individuals exhibiting lead concentrations in blood, near or below the maximum recommended (10 mu g dl(-1)), surprisingly revealed that toxic effects are more intense in individuals belonging to low socioeconomics classes. Motivated by these facts, we aimed at the investigation of chronic incorporation of lead. as well as the use of our BIOKINETICS code, which is based on an accepted ICRP biokinetics model for lead, in order to extrapolate the results from teeth to other organs. The focus of our data taking was children from poor families, living in a small, restrict and allegedly contaminated area in Sao Paulo city. Thus, a total of 74 human teeth were collected. The average concentration of lead in teeth of children 5 to 10 years old was determined by means of a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). For standardization of the measurements, an animal bone certified material (H-Animal Bone), from the International Atomic Energy Agency, was analyzed. The amount of lead in children living in the surroundings of the dam, was approximately 40% higher than those from the control region, and the average lead concentration was equal to 1.3 mu g g(-1) approximately. Grouping the results in terms of gender, tooth type and condition, it was concluded that a carious molar of boys is a much more efficient contamination pathway for lead, resulting in concentrations 70% higher than in the control region. We also inferred the average concentrations of lead in other organs of these children, by making use of our BIOKINETIC code. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Static electric fields interfere in the viability of cells exposed to ionising radiation

Purpose: The interference of electric fields (EF) with biological processes is an issue of considerable interest. No studies have as yet been reported on the combined effect of EF plus ionising radiation. Here we report studies on this combined effect using the prokaryote Microcystis panniformis, the eukaryote Candida albicans and human cells. Materials and methods: Cultures of Microcystis panniformis (Cyanobacteria) in glass tubes were irradiated with doses in the interval 0.5-5kGy, using a 60Co gamma source facility. Samples irradiated with 3kGy were exposed for 2h to a 20Vcm-1 static electric field and viable cells were enumerated. Cultures of Candida albicans were incubated at 36C for 20h, gamma-irradiated with doses from 1-4kGy, and submitted to an electric field of 180Vcm-1. Samples were examined under a fluorescence microscope and the number of unviable (red) and viable (apple green fluorescence) cells was determined. For crossing-check purposes, MRC5 strain of lung cells were irradiated with 2 Gy, exposed to an electric field of 1250 V/cm, incubated overnight with the anti-body anti-phospho-histone H2AX and examined under a fluorescence microscope to quantify nuclei with -H2AX foci. Results: In cells exposed to EF, death increased substantially compared to irradiation alone. In C. albicans we observed suppression of the DNA repair shoulder. The effect of EF in growth of M. panniformis was substantial; the number of surviving cells on day-2 after irradiation was 12 times greater than when an EF was applied. By the action of a static electric field on the irradiated MRC5 cells the number of nuclei with -H2AX foci increased 40%, approximately. Conclusions: Application of an EF following irradiation greatly increases cell death. The observation that the DNA repair shoulder in the survival curve of C. albicans is suppressed when cells are exposed to irradiation+EF suggests that EF likely inactivate cellular recovering processes. The result for the number of nuclei with -H2AX foci in MRC5 cells indicates that an EF interferes mostly in the DNA repair mechanisms. A molecular ad-hoc model is proposed.

Evaluation of uranium incorporation from contaminated areas using teeth as bioindicators - a case study

The Southwest region of the Bahia state in Brazil hosts the largest uranium reserve of the country (100 kton in uranium, only), plus the cities of Caetite, Lagoa Real and Igapora. In this work, aim was at the investigation of uranium burdens on residents of these cities by using teeth as bioindicators, as a contribution for possible radiation protection measures. Thus, a total of 41 human teeth were collected, plus 50 from an allegedly uranium free area (the control region). Concentrations of uranium in teeth from residents of 5- to 87-y old were determined by means of a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The highest uranium concentration in teeth was measured from samples belonging to residents of Caetite (median equal to 16 ppb). Assuming that the uranium concentrations in teeth and bones are similar within 10-20% (for children and young adults), it concluded that uranium body levels in residents of Caetite are at least one order of magnitude higher than the worldwide average. This finding led to conclude that daily ingestion of uranium, from food and water, is equally high.

A DISCRETIZATION SCHEME FOR AN ONE-DIMENSIONAL REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH DELAY AND ITS DYNAMICS

The goal of this paper is to present an approximation scheme for a reaction-diffusion equation with finite delay, which has been used as a model to study the evolution of a population with density distribution u, in such a way that the resulting finite dimensional ordinary differential system contains the same asymptotic dynamics as the reaction-diffusion equation.

Pesquisa socioeconômica do ABC 2009

A Pesquisa Socioeconômica do ABC é realizada semestralmente para o conjunto regional que incorpora os municípios de Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e São Caetano do Sul, pelo Instituto de Pesquisas da USCS, a partir de um levantamento por amostragem probabilística dos domicílios, desde 1983. Recentemente, no mês de setembro de 2009, expandiu a coleta também para os municípios de Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra com previsão de novas coletas anuais. Os entrevistados no domicílio com idade mínima 18 anos, são sorteados a partir de um processo aleatório e segundo cotas estabelecidas para a variável gênero (50% de entrevistados do gênero masculino e 50% do gênero feminino). Os dados são coletados mediante aplicação de questionário estruturado, a partir de entrevista pessoal, com duração média de 60 minutos. A margem de erro estimada, para a região do ABC, em cada levantamento para os resultados obtidos a partir do total de casos é de 4,0% para 95,5% de confiança e para a região do Grande ABC, é de 3,0% para 95,5% de confiança. Para os resultados obtidos mediante um número menor de casos válidos, a margem de erro diferencia-se da anteriormente apresentada no seguinte sentido: “à medida que diminui o número de casos válidos aumenta o erro estatístico”, devendo esse erro ser estimado para cada variável investigada.

A influência dos programas de relacionamento empresa-comunidade nas atitudes e comportamentos pró-ambientais: um estudo em comunidade do entorno de empresa petroquimica

MATTOS JR., Altino Barros de. A influência dos programas de relacionamento empresa-comunidade nas atitudes e comportamentos pró-ambientais: um estudo em comunidade do entorno de empresa petroquimica. 2012. 137p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, 2012.

Estratégias de retenção em IES: um estudo exploratório em instituições privadas da região metropolitana de São Paulo

Dissertação Mestrado apresentada como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul.

A gestão de projetos na administração pública municipal: o caso da Prefeitura de Praia Grande

Dissertação apresentada como exigência para obtenção do grau de Mestrado em Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul

Elementos do planejamento estratégico na administração pública municipal: um estudo dos municípios da região metropolitana de São Paulo

Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul

Tipos de representações mentais utilizadas por estudantes de física geral na área de mecânica clássica e possíveis modelos mentais nessa área

Neste trabalho, além de investigarmos o tipo de representação mental (proposições, imagens ou modelos mentais) utilizado por estudantes de Física Geral na área de Mecânica Newtoniana, tentamos identificar possíveis modelos mentais que estes estudantes teriam sobre alguns conceitos físicos. Baseamos nosso estudo na Teoria dos Modelos Mentais de Johnson-Laird. Estudantes de nível universitário foram observados durante dois semestres com o objetivo de determinar o tipo de representação mental que eles teriam utilizado durante o curso, quando resolviam os problemas e as questões propostas nas tarefas instrucionais. Foi realizada uma entrevista no final do curso com a finalidade de encontrar elementos adicionais que nos permitissem inferir modelos mentais sobre conceitos físicos usados pelos estudantes na elaboração de suas respostas. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem a importância dos modelos mentais na compreensão e uso dos conceitos físicos. Parece que quanto mais “elaborados” os modelos mentais, mais facilmente os alunos poderiam compreender situações e contextos distintos daqueles trabalhados em aula.