Ruokalista 1871-01-15

Helsingfors : Theodor Sederholm 1871, L. Heimbürger

Redução de aplicações de inseticidas através da adoção de táticas de manejo integrado do Triozoida limbata (Enderlein, 1918) (Hemiptera: triozidae) em goiabeira

A praga de goiabeira que tem requerido maior frequência de controle, na região de Jaboticabal-SP, nos últimos anos, é o psilídeo Triozoida limbata. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou: a) Comparar táticas de controle de T. limbata baseadas no monitoramento e na seletividade de inseticidas, visando a diminuir as aplicações; b) Registrar e correlacionar os inimigos naturais habitantes no agroecossistema goiabeira com a praga-chave e com fatores meteorológicos; c) Constatar se o controle de T. limbata afeta a população de moscas-das-frutas, e d) Verificar a eficiência de inseticidas adequados ao MIP, no controle de T. limbata. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar Paluma, em 2004, no município de Vista Alegre do Alto-SP. As estratégias utilizadas foram (doses em g.i.a./100L de água): testemunha; imidacloprid (4,0); imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (2,5 + 0,3); acetamiprid (4,0); fenpropathrin (15,0), e tratamento convencional regional. Através dos resultados, conclui-se que é possível diminuir o número de aplicações e utilizar inseticidas menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e ao homem, com a adoção do monitoramento de T. limbata e aplicação no nível de ação. As densidades populacionais dos inimigos naturais (Scymnus spp., Cycloneda sanguinea, Azia luteipes, Crysoperla spp., Polybia spp., Brachygastra spp.) apresentam correlações positivas com as densidades populacionais de T. limbata. As flutuações populacionais de T. limbata e dos inimigos naturais não são alteradas pelos fatores meteorológicos (precipitação e temperatura), em pomar irrigado. A população de Anastrepha spp. é minimizada quando as aplicações são para controlar T. limbata. Os inseticidas imidacloprid, imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin, acetamiprid e fenpropathrin são eficientes no controle de T. limbata.

'Making Science Understandable'. Divulgació científica i mediació editorial: el cas de The Wisdom of the Body de Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945)

The present paper aims at an historical reconstruction, in the framework of the publishing industry in the years between the two World Wars, of the role played by the publisher William W. Norton in the genesis, published in 1932, and new edition in 1938, of Walter B. Cannon"s book The Wisdom of the Body. With the analysis of this case study, we aimed at contributing to the current criticism of the «dominant view», which tries, in an uncritical manner, that scientific popularization follows an ineluctable, continuous and linear evolution.

The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2.8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR<5%) age-specific effects, of which 11 had larger effects in younger (<50y) than in older adults (≥50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHRadjBMI, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHRadjBMI. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHRadjBMI. These results may provide further insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape.