Double electron processes in collisions of partially stripped ions Cq+ (q=1-4) with helium

The multi-electron processes are investigated for 17.9-120keV/u C1+, 30-323 keV/u C2+, 120-438 keV/u C3+, 287-480keV/u C4+ incident on a helium target. The cross-section ratios of double electron (DE) process to the total of the single electron (SE) and the double electron process (i.e. SE+DE), the direct double electron (DDI) to the direct single ionization (DSI) as well as the contributions of DDI to DE and of TI to DE are measured using coincidence techniques. The energy and charge state dependences of the measured cross-section ratios are studied and discussed.

Cluster assistant generation of C2+ and C3+ ions in nanosecond laser ionization of seeded benzene beam

Cluster assisted photoionization processes of benzene, which was seeded in argon, induced by an intense 25 ns Nd-YAG laser has been studied by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. At the laser intensity of 10(11) W/cm(2), multicharged ions Cq+ (q = 2-3) with kinetic energy up to 150 eV were observed in the mass spectra. Strong evidences Support that these ions are formed in the Coulomb explosion of multicharged benzene cluster ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Natural 13C abundance as a tracer for studies of soil organic matter dynamics

A method for measuring the long- and medium-term turnover of soil organic matter is described. Its principle is based on the variations of 13C natural isotope abundance induced by the repeated cultivations of a plant with a high 13C/12C ratio (C4 photosynthetic pathway) on a soil which has never carried any such plant. The 13C/12C ratio in soil organic matter being about equal to the 13C/12C ratio of plant materials from which it is derived, changing the 13C content of the organic inputs to the soil (by altering vegetation from C3 type into C4 type) is equivalent to a true labelling in situ of the organic matter. Two cases of continuous corn cultivation (Zea mays: δ13C = −12%.) on soils whose initial organic matter average δ13C is −26%. were studied. The quantity of organic carbon originating from corn (that is the quantity which had turned-over since the beginning of continuous cultivation) was estimated using the 13C natural abundance data. After 13 yr, 22% of total organic carbon had turned-over, in the system studied. Particle size fractions coarser than 50μm on the one hand, and finer than 2μm on the other. contained the youngest organic matters. The turnover rate of silt-sized fractions was slower

基于C4.5决策树的流量分类方法

近年来,利用机器学习方法处理流量分类问题成为网络测量领域一个新兴的研究方向.在现有研究中,朴素贝叶斯方法及其改进算法以其实现简单、分类高效的特点而被广泛应用.但此类方法过分依赖于样本在样本空间的分布,具有潜在的不稳定性.为此,引入C4.5决策树方法来处理流量分类问题.该方法利用训练数据集中的信息熵来构建分类模型,并通过对分类模型的简单查找来完成未知网络流样本的分类.理论分析和实验结果都表明,利用C4.5决策树来处理流量分类问题在分类稳定性上均具有明显的优势.

碳同位素技术在C3作物水分利用效率研究中的应用

碳同位素技术已在地学、环境学及植物学等领域得到广泛应用。本文综述了该技术在作物水分利用效率研究中的进展 ,并对其进行了评价 ,同时探讨了碳同位素分辨力 (Δ)的遗传学特征 ,以揭示Δ和水分利用效率的关系 ,为水分利用效率的研究提供新的方法和技术

碳同位素技术在土壤碳循环研究中的应用

碳在土壤中的储量和存储时间是陆地生态系统碳库中最大和最长的,而土地利用方式会影响到土壤碳储量及其循环周期,因此有效的土地利用管理可使土壤成为一个碳汇。土壤储存碳的过程就是土壤有机碳动态平衡的变化,因此认识土壤有机碳的动态变化是揭示土壤碳循环过程及其调控机制的重要方面。首先介绍了碳的一种稳定性同位素(13C)和放射性同位素(14C)在生态系统长期动态过程的重建(如C3/C4植被的历史格局)、土壤有机碳周转周期等方面的应用,探讨了同位素示踪技术在土壤有机碳来源、周转周期、土壤CO2通量的变化和组分区分、同位素

不同植物叶片水分利用效率对光和CO_2的响应与模拟

植物叶片水分利用效率的高低取决于气孔控制的光合作用和蒸腾作用两个相互耦合的过程,模拟水分利用效率对环境变化的响应特征和机制是理解生态系统碳循环和水循环及其耦合关系的基础。研究通过人工控制光强和CO2浓度,对叶片水分利用效率进行了研究。提出了植物水分利用效率在光强和CO2浓度共同作用下的估算模型。数据分析表明,该模型在包括C3和C4植物、草本和木本植物在内的9种植物上能很好地模拟水分利用效率对光强和CO2浓度共同作用的响应。该模型可以用于估算CO2浓度升高条件下光合速率的提高和蒸腾速率的降低对水分利用效率提

Formation of Fullerooxazoles from C61HPh3-: The Regioselectivity of Heteroatom Additions

The formation of fullerooxazoles from C61HPh3- has been examined in benzonitrile (PhCN), m-methoxybenzonitrile (m-OCH3PhCN), m-tolunitrile (m-CH3PhCN), and o-tolunitrile (o-CH3PhCN), where cis-1 bisadducts wit h Ph-, m-OCH3Ph-, m-CH3Ph-, and o-CH3Ph-substituted cyclic imidate next to the phenylmethano are formed its evidenced by various characterizations. Interestingly, only regioisomers 2a-d with the oxygen atom bonded to C4/C5 and the nitrogen atom bonded to C3/C6 are generated its demonstrated by heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) NMR, while the alternative regioisomers 3a-d, which have the oxygen and nitrogen atoms at C3/C6 and C4/C5, respectively, are not formed from the reactions, even though the DFT (density functional theory) calculations have predicted that the energy differences between the two types of regioisomers are very small, with regioisomers 3a-d actually having lower energies than 2a-d The results are rationalized by the charge distributions Of C61HPh3-, where computational calculations have shown that the negative charges on C4 and C5 are greater than those on C3 and C6, indicating that the exhibited site selectivity of heteroatoms is a result of the charge-directed addition process

水溶液中甘氨酰替亮氨酸与Ho(ClO_4)_3和Yb(ClO_4)_3相互作用的NMR研究(英文)

本文用~(13)C NMR方法研究了水溶液中三价顺磁性稀土离子Ho~(3+)和Yb~(3+)与二肽甘氨酰替亮氨酸之间的相互作用。对稀土诱导位移中的接触位移和偶极位移进行了分离。实验表明,与羧基相连的碳核所受的接触作用很大,因此不能把镱诱导的位移直接用于肽的构象分析。在水溶液中,肽通过羧基与稀土离子配位,在弱酸性条件下肽键和氨基均不参与配位。根据结构因子确定了肽在溶液中的构象,结果表明,分子片段C1-C2-C5-C6,C2-N-C3-C4和C2-C5-C6-C8为反式,而C2-C5-C6-C7和C1-C2-N-C3成旁式。

Influence of several non-nutrient additives on nonspecific immunity and growth of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

The effects of three non-nutrient additives on nonspecific immunity and growth of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) were studied in this feeding experiment. The five treatments are basal diet alone, basal diets containing three different additives [0.4 g kg(-1) of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), 1.3 g kg (-1) of yeast cell wall and 0.8 g kg (-1) of bile acids] individually or in combination. Two hundred and twenty-five turbots (average initial weight 151.3 +/- 11.3 g) were randomly allotted in five treatments with three replicates within each treatment in a 72-day period. Comparing with basal diet group, activities of C3, C4, phagocyte, lysozyme, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate in yeast cell wall, XOS and the combined groups was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05); however, these parameters in bile acid groups were increased slightly (P > 0.05) except for phagocyte (P < 0.05); superoxide dismutase activity in additive groups was not significantly increased (P > 0.05) except for the combined group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of yeast cell wall and XOS enhanced the nonspecific immunity of juvenile turbot. Synergistic or additive effect of the three additives was not observed.

Molecular cloning and characterization of a thioester-containing protein from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

Thioester-containing proteins are a family of proteins characterized by the unique intrachain beta-cysteinyl-gamma-glutamyl thioester, which play important roles in innate immune responses. The cDNA of Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri thioester-containing protein (designated as CfTEP) was cloned by expressed sequence tag (EST) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full-length cDNA of CfTEP was of 4616 bp, consisting of a 5 '-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 30 bp and a 3 ' UTR of 140 bp with a polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The CfTEP cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 1481 amino acids with the theoretical isoelectric point of 5.98 and the predicted molecular weight of 161.4 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of CfTEP contained the canonical thioester motif GCGEQ, nine potential N-glycosylation sites and a C-terminal distinctive cysteine signature. It also contained a presumed catalytic histidine and proteolytic cleavage sites that were similar to C3 molecules. The high similarity of CfTEP with the thioester-containing proteins in other organisms, such as the TEPs from insects, the complement component C3, C4, C5 and the protease inhibitor alpha(2)-macroglobulin indicated that CfTEP should be a member of TEP family. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CfTEP was closely related to TEPs from mollusc, nematodes and insects, and they formed a separate branch apart from the branches of complements factors and alpha(2)-macroglobulins. The spatial expression of CfTEP transcripts in healthy and bacterial challenged scallops was examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The CfTEP transcripts were mainly detected in the tissues of hepatopancreas and gonad, and remarkably up-regulated by Microbial challenge, which suggested that CfTEP was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein involved in immune defense. These results provided new insights into the role of CfTEP in scallop immune responses, as well as the evolutionary origin of this important, widespread and functionally diversified family of proteins. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.