Probability inundation map for a scenario combining storm surge and sea-level rise

Coastal managers require reliable spatial data on the extent and timing of potential coastal inundation, particularly in a changing climate. Most sea level rise (SLR) vulnerability assessments are undertaken using the easily implemented bathtub approach, where areas adjacent to the sea and below a given elevation are mapped using a deterministic line dividing potentially inundated from dry areas. This method only requires elevation data usually in the form of a digital elevation model (DEM). However, inherent errors in the DEM and spatial analysis of the bathtub model propagate into the inundation mapping. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of spatially variable and spatially correlated elevation errors in high-spatial resolution DEMs for mapping coastal inundation. Elevation errors were best modelled using regression-kriging. This geostatistical model takes the spatial correlation in elevation errors into account, which has a significant impact on analyses that include spatial interactions, such as inundation modelling. The spatial variability of elevation errors was partially explained by land cover and terrain variables. Elevation errors were simulated using sequential Gaussian simulation, a Monte Carlo probabilistic approach. 1,000 error simulations were added to the original DEM and reclassified using a hydrologically correct bathtub method. The probability of inundation to a scenario combining a 1 in 100 year storm event over a 1 m SLR was calculated by counting the proportion of times from the 1,000 simulations that a location was inundated. This probabilistic approach can be used in a risk-aversive decision making process by planning for scenarios with different probabilities of occurrence. For example, results showed that when considering a 1% probability exceedance, the inundated area was approximately 11% larger than mapped using the deterministic bathtub approach. The probabilistic approach provides visually intuitive maps that convey uncertainties inherent to spatial data and analysis.

Accumulation, velocities, fluxes and mass balance of glacial tributaries to the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, Antarctica

By incorporating recently available remote sensing data, we investigated the mass balance for all individual tributary glacial basins of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica. On the basis of the ice flow information derived from SAR interferometry and ICESat laser altimetry, we have determined the spatial configuration of eight tributary drainage basins of the Lambert-Amery glacial system. By combining the coherence information from SAR interferometry and the texture information from SAR and MODIS images, we have interpreted and refined the grounding line position. We calculated ice volume flux of each tributary glacial basin based on the ice velocity field derived from Radarsat three-pass interferometry together with ice thickness data interpolated from Australian and Russian airborne radio echo sounding (RES) surveys and inferred from ICESat laser altimetry data. Our analysis reveals that three tributary basins have a significant net positive imbalance, while five other subbasins are slightly positive or close to zero balance. Overall, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the grounded ice in Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system has a positive mass imbalance of 22.9 �� 4.4 Gt/a. The net basal melting for the entire Amery Ice Shelf is estimated to be 27.0 �� 7.0 Gt/a. The melting rate decreases rapidly from the grounding zone to the ice shelf front. Significant basal refreezing is detected in the downstream section of the ice shelf. The mass balance estimates for both the grounded ice sheet and the ice shelf mass differ substantially from other recent estimates.

Effectiveness of abstract interpretation in automatic parallelization: a case study in logic programming

We report on a detailed study of the application and effectiveness of program analysis based on abstract interpretation to automatic program parallelization. We study the case of parallelizing logic programs using the notion of strict independence. We first propose and prove correct a methodology for the application in the parallelization task of the information inferred by abstract interpretation, using a parametric domain. The methodology is generic in the sense of allowing the use of different analysis domains. A number of well-known approximation domains are then studied and the transformation into the parametric domain defined. The transformation directly illustrates the relevance and applicability of each abstract domain for the application. Both local and global analyzers are then built using these domains and embedded in a complete parallelizing compiler. Then, the performance of the domains in this context is assessed through a number of experiments. A comparatively wide range of aspects is studied, from the resources needed by the analyzers in terms of time and memory to the actual benefits obtained from the information inferred. Such benefits are evaluated both in terms of the characteristics of the parallelized code and of the actual speedups obtained from it. The results show that data flow analysis plays an important role in achieving efficient parallelizations, and that the cost of such analysis can be reasonable even for quite sophisticated abstract domains. Furthermore, the results also offer significant insight into the characteristics of the domains, the demands of the application, and the trade-offs involved.

An��lisis est��tico de sistemas de membranas para la determinaci��n de reglas activas

Esta tesis doctoral se enmarca dentro de la computaci��n con membranas. Se trata de un tipo de computaci��n bio-inspirado, concretamente basado en las c��lulas de los organismos vivos, en las que se producen m��ltiples reacciones de forma simult��nea. A partir de la estructura y funcionamiento de las c��lulas se han definido diferentes modelos formales, denominados P sistemas. Estos modelos no tratan de modelar el comportamiento biol��gico de una c��lula, sino que abstraen sus principios b��sicos con objeto de encontrar nuevos paradigmas computacionales. Los P sistemas son modelos de computaci��n no deterministas y masivamente paralelos. De ah�� el inter��s que en los ��ltimos a��os estos modelos han suscitado para la resoluci��n de problemas complejos. En muchos casos, consiguen resolver de forma te��rica problemas NP-completos en tiempo polin��mico o lineal. Por otra parte, cabe destacar tambi��n la aplicaci��n que la computaci��n con membranas ha tenido en la investigaci��n de otros muchos campos, sobre todo relacionados con la biolog��a. Actualmente, una gran cantidad de estos modelos de computaci��n han sido estudiados desde el punto de vista te��rico. Sin embargo, el modo en que pueden ser implementados es un reto de investigaci��n todav��a abierto. Existen varias l��neas en este sentido, basadas en arquitecturas distribuidas o en hardware dedicado, que pretenden acercarse en lo posible a su car��cter no determinista y masivamente paralelo, dentro de un contexto de viabilidad y eficiencia. En esta tesis doctoral se propone la realizaci��n de un an��lisis est��tico del P sistema, como v��a para optimizar la ejecuci��n del mismo en estas plataformas. Se pretende que la informaci��n recogida en tiempo de an��lisis sirva para configurar adecuadamente la plataforma donde se vaya a ejecutar posteriormente el P sistema, obteniendo como consecuencia una mejora en el rendimiento. Concretamente, en esta tesis se han tomado como referencia los P sistemas de transiciones para llevar a cabo el estudio de dicho an��lisis est��tico. De manera un poco m��s espec��fica, el an��lisis est��tico propuesto en esta tesis persigue que cada membrana sea capaz de determinar sus reglas activas de forma eficiente en cada paso de evoluci��n, es decir, aquellas reglas que re��nen las condiciones adecuadas para poder ser aplicadas. En esta l��nea, se afronta el problema de los estados de utilidad de una membrana dada, que en tiempo de ejecuci��n permitir��n a la misma conocer en todo momento las membranas con las que puede comunicarse, cuesti��n que determina las reglas que pueden aplicarse en cada momento. Adem��s, el an��lisis est��tico propuesto en esta tesis se basa en otra serie de caracter��sticas del P sistema como la estructura de membranas, antecedentes de las reglas, consecuentes de las reglas o prioridades. Una vez obtenida toda esta informaci��n en tiempo de an��lisis, se estructura en forma de ��rbol de decisi��n, con objeto de que en tiempo de ejecuci��n la membrana obtenga las reglas activas de la forma m��s eficiente posible. Por otra parte, en esta tesis se lleva a cabo un recorrido por un n��mero importante de arquitecturas hardware y software que diferentes autores han propuesto para implementar P sistemas. Fundamentalmente, arquitecturas distribuidas, hardware dedicado basado en tarjetas FPGA y plataformas basadas en microcontroladores PIC. El objetivo es proponer soluciones que permitan implantar en dichas arquitecturas los resultados obtenidos del an��lisis est��tico (estados de utilidad y ��rboles de decisi��n para reglas activas). En l��neas generales, se obtienen conclusiones positivas, en el sentido de que dichas optimizaciones se integran adecuadamente en las arquitecturas sin penalizaciones significativas. Summary Membrane computing is the focus of this doctoral thesis. It can be considered a bio-inspired computing type. Specifically, it is based on living cells, in which many reactions take place simultaneously. From cell structure and operation, many different formal models have been defined, named P systems. These models do not try to model the biological behavior of the cell, but they abstract the basic principles of the cell in order to find out new computational paradigms. P systems are non-deterministic and massively parallel computational models. This is why, they have aroused interest when dealing with complex problems nowadays. In many cases, they manage to solve in theory NP problems in polynomial or lineal time. On the other hand, it is important to note that membrane computing has been successfully applied in many researching areas, specially related to biology. Nowadays, lots of these computing models have been sufficiently characterized from a theoretical point of view. However, the way in which they can be implemented is a research challenge, that it is still open nowadays. There are some lines in this way, based on distributed architectures or dedicated hardware. All of them are trying to approach to its non-deterministic and parallel character as much as possible, taking into account viability and efficiency. In this doctoral thesis it is proposed carrying out a static analysis of the P system in order to optimize its performance in a computing platform. The general idea is that after data are collected in analysis time, they are used for getting a suitable configuration of the computing platform in which P system is going to be performed. As a consequence, the system throughput will improve. Specifically, this thesis has made use of Transition P systems for carrying out the study in static analysis. In particular, the static analysis proposed in this doctoral thesis tries to achieve that every membrane can efficiently determine its active rules in every evolution step. These rules are the ones that can be applied depending on the system configuration at each computational step. In this line, we are going to tackle the problem of the usefulness states for a membrane. This state will allow this membrane to know the set of membranes with which communication is possible at any time. This is a very important issue in determining the set of rules that can be applied. Moreover, static analysis in this thesis is carried out taking into account other properties such as membrane structure, rule antecedents, rule consequents and priorities among rules. After collecting all data in analysis time, they are arranged in a decision tree structure, enabling membranes to obtain the set of active rules as efficiently as possible in run-time system. On the other hand, in this doctoral thesis is going to carry out an overview of hardware and software architectures, proposed by different authors in order to implement P systems, such as distributed architectures, dedicated hardware based on PFGA, and computing platforms based on PIC microcontrollers. The aim of this overview is to propose solutions for implementing the results of the static analysis, that is, usefulness states and decision trees for active rules. In general, conclusions are satisfactory, because these optimizations can be properly integrated in most of the architectures without significant penalties.

Pol��ticas de esfuerzo combinado econ��mico-laboral en la retenci��n y atracci��n del conocimiento cient��fico: un estudio del caso espa��ol

El objetivo de este trabajo es la aportaci��n de un caso que evidencie la importancia de realizar esfuerzos tanto en el terreno econ��mico como en el laboral para conseguir una adecuada retenci��n y atracci��n del conocimiento cient��fico. Para ello, se analizan los datos de un estudio que destaca estas cuestiones para un pa��s como Espa��a, que necesita urgentemente mejorar su balance de movilidad investigadora. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la aplicaci��n de estas medidas y las debilidades que presenta en este tipo de pol��ticas el sistema nacional de investigaci��n, desarrollo e innovaci��n (I+D+i). Abstract: The goal of this paper is to disclose a case study which highlights the impor tance of realising effor ts at an economic and labour scale in order to reach an adequate retention and attraction of scientific knowledge. Although science has evolved during different periods through the flow of mankind and ideas, studies about international mobility of scientists are recent in time. It started mid XXth century with the brain drain phenomenon. To alleviate the loss of scientists, countries have disclosed different politics. Some countries like Singapore, Southern Korea, India and China have been successful in bringing scientists back home. Those countries have made huge effor ts in human resources investments and scientific infrastructures, so as to enforce their national R&D&I systems. Despite such experiences and despite the increasement in terms of evidences related with international scientific mobility, few studies and figures have been disclosed. The goal of this current work is to disclose data, which backs up the liability of such kind of politics that combine effor ts in economic and labour terms. For that reason, data has been analyzed from a study which highlights these key aspects for a country like Spain and which recently established a wide range of politics in order to attract scientists. Despite the increasement of financial resources, such politics have turned out unable to reach a proper balance in terms of mobility research. Such data as well as it analysis comes from the development of an annual survey to Spanish scientists during the period 2008- 2011. Based on sample data and analysis an expectations index for the coming year has been constructed. This compares the level of confidence which related the support and prestige of their national R&D&I systems in which they operate. Two groups where surveyed: young researchers which currently work in Spain and as a group are more likely to go working abroad and Spanish scientists who are currently working abroad. Samples were obtained for young researchers were the following: 2008 (217), 2009 (270), 2010 (390) and 2011 (610). In the case of Spanish scientists abroad, the following data were obtained: 2008 (218), 2009 (250), 2010 (241) and 2011 (167). Both groups assume simple random sampling, with a level of confidence of 95%. The results obtained confirm the importance of this combined effor t of labor and economic policies which presents weaknesses of Spanish national R&D&I systems and its application, so that Spain becomes a pole of excellence in terms of attraction and retention of scientific knowledge.

A visual framework to accelerate knowledge discovery based on dimensionality reduction minimizing degradation of quality

Tradicionalmente, el uso de t��cnicas de an��lisis de datos ha sido una de las principales v��as para el descubrimiento de conocimiento oculto en grandes cantidades de datos, recopilados por expertos en diferentes dominios. Por otra parte, las t��cnicas de visualizaci��n tambi��n se han usado para mejorar y facilitar este proceso. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones serias en la obtenci��n de conocimiento, ya que suele ser un proceso lento, tedioso y en muchas ocasiones infruct��fero, debido a la dificultad de las personas para comprender conjuntos de datos de grandes dimensiones. Otro gran inconveniente, pocas veces tenido en cuenta por los expertos que analizan grandes conjuntos de datos, es la degradaci��n involuntaria a la que someten a los datos durante las tareas de an��lisis, previas a la obtenci��n final de conclusiones. Por degradaci��n quiere decirse que los datos pueden perder sus propiedades originales, y suele producirse por una reducci��n inapropiada de los datos, alterando as�� su naturaleza original y llevando en muchos casos a interpretaciones y conclusiones err��neas que podr��an tener serias implicaciones. Adem��s, este hecho adquiere una importancia trascendental cuando los datos pertenecen al dominio m��dico o biol��gico, y la vida de diferentes personas depende de esta toma final de decisiones, en algunas ocasiones llevada a cabo de forma inapropiada. ��sta es la motivaci��n de la presente tesis, la cual propone un nuevo framework visual, llamado MedVir, que combina la potencia de t��cnicas avanzadas de visualizaci��n y miner��a de datos para tratar de dar soluci��n a estos grandes inconvenientes existentes en el proceso de descubrimiento de informaci��n v��lida. El objetivo principal es hacer m��s f��cil, comprensible, intuitivo y r��pido el proceso de adquisici��n de conocimiento al que se enfrentan los expertos cuando trabajan con grandes conjuntos de datos en diferentes dominios. Para ello, en primer lugar, se lleva a cabo una fuerte disminuci��n en el tama��o de los datos con el objetivo de facilitar al experto su manejo, y a la vez preservando intactas, en la medida de lo posible, sus propiedades originales. Despu��s, se hace uso de efectivas t��cnicas de visualizaci��n para representar los datos obtenidos, permitiendo al experto interactuar de forma sencilla e intuitiva con los datos, llevar a cabo diferentes tareas de an��lisis de datos y as�� estimular visualmente su capacidad de comprensi��n. De este modo, el objetivo subyacente se basa en abstraer al experto, en la medida de lo posible, de la complejidad de sus datos originales para presentarle una versi��n m��s comprensible, que facilite y acelere la tarea final de descubrimiento de conocimiento. MedVir se ha aplicado satisfactoriamente, entre otros, al campo de la magnetoencefalograf��a (MEG), que consiste en la predicci��n en la rehabilitaci��n de lesiones cerebrales traum��ticas (Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) rehabilitation prediction). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la efectividad del framework a la hora de acelerar y facilitar el proceso de descubrimiento de conocimiento sobre conjuntos de datos reales. ABSTRACT Traditionally, the use of data analysis techniques has been one of the main ways of discovering knowledge hidden in large amounts of data, collected by experts in different domains. Moreover, visualization techniques have also been used to enhance and facilitate this process. However, there are serious limitations in the process of knowledge acquisition, as it is often a slow, tedious and many times fruitless process, due to the difficulty for human beings to understand large datasets. Another major drawback, rarely considered by experts that analyze large datasets, is the involuntary degradation to which they subject the data during analysis tasks, prior to obtaining the final conclusions. Degradation means that data can lose part of their original properties, and it is usually caused by improper data reduction, thereby altering their original nature and often leading to erroneous interpretations and conclusions that could have serious implications. Furthermore, this fact gains a trascendental importance when the data belong to medical or biological domain, and the lives of people depends on the final decision-making, which is sometimes conducted improperly. This is the motivation of this thesis, which proposes a new visual framework, called MedVir, which combines the power of advanced visualization techniques and data mining to try to solve these major problems existing in the process of discovery of valid information. Thus, the main objective is to facilitate and to make more understandable, intuitive and fast the process of knowledge acquisition that experts face when working with large datasets in different domains. To achieve this, first, a strong reduction in the size of the data is carried out in order to make the management of the data easier to the expert, while preserving intact, as far as possible, the original properties of the data. Then, effective visualization techniques are used to represent the obtained data, allowing the expert to interact easily and intuitively with the data, to carry out different data analysis tasks, and so visually stimulating their comprehension capacity. Therefore, the underlying objective is based on abstracting the expert, as far as possible, from the complexity of the original data to present him a more understandable version, thus facilitating and accelerating the task of knowledge discovery. MedVir has been succesfully applied to, among others, the field of magnetoencephalography (MEG), which consists in predicting the rehabilitation of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The results obtained successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework to accelerate and facilitate the process of knowledge discovery on real world datasets.

Gesti��n de la informaci��n en redes de sensores inal��mbricos

La gesti��n del conocimiento (KM) es el proceso de recolectar datos en bruto para su an��lisis y filtrado, con la finalidad de obtener conocimiento ��til a partir de dichos datos. En este proyecto se pretende hacer un estudio sobre la gesti��n de la informaci��n en las redes de sensores inal��mbricos como inicio para sentar las bases para la gesti��n del conocimiento en las mismas. Las redes de sensores inal��mbricos (WSN) son redes compuestas por sensores (tambi��n conocidos como motas) distribuidos sobre un ��rea, cuya misi��n es monitorizar una o varias condiciones f��sicas del entorno. Las redes de sensores inal��mbricos se caracterizan por tener restricciones de consumo para los sensores que utilizan bater��as, por su capacidad para adaptarse a cambios y ser escalables, y tambi��n por su habilidad para hacer frente a fallos en los sensores. En este proyecto se hace un estudio sobre la gesti��n de la informaci��n en redes de sensores inal��mbricos. Se comienza introduciendo algunos conceptos b��sicos: arquitectura, pila de protocolos, topolog��as de red, etc.��� Despu��s de esto, se ha enfocado el estudio hacia TinyDB, el cual puede ser considerado como parte de las tecnolog��as m��s avanzadas en el estado del arte de la gesti��n de la informaci��n en redes de sensores inal��mbricos. TinyDB es un sistema de procesamiento de consultas para extraer informaci��n de una red de sensores. Proporciona una interfaz similar a SQL y permite trabajar con consultas contra la red de sensores inal��mbricos como si se tratara de una base de datos tradicional. Adem��s, TinyDB implementa varias optimizaciones para manejar los datos eficientemente. En este proyecto se describe tambi��n la implementaci��n de una sencilla aplicaci��n basada en redes de sensores inal��mbricos. Las motas en la aplicaci��n son capaces de medir la corriente a trav��s de un cable. El objetivo de esta aplicaci��n es monitorizar el consumo de energ��a en diferentes zonas de un ��rea industrial o dom��stico, utilizando redes de sensores inal��mbricas. Adem��s, se han implementado las optimizaciones m��s importantes que se han aprendido en el an��lisis de la plataforma TinyDB. Para desarrollar esta aplicaci��n se ha utilizado como sensores la plataforma open-source de creaci��n de prototipos electr��nicos Arduino, y el ordenador de placa reducida Raspberry Pi como coordinador. ABSTRACT. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of collecting raw data for analysis and filtering, to get a useful knowledge from this data. In this project the information management in wireless sensor networks is studied as starting point before knowledge management. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks which consists of sensors (also known as motes) distributed over an area, to monitor some physical conditions of the environment. Wireless sensor networks are characterized by power consumption constrains for sensors which are using batteries, by the ability to be adaptable to changes and to be scalable, and by the ability to cope sensor failures. In this project it is studied information management in wireless sensor networks. The document starts introducing basic concepts: architecture, stack of protocols, network topology��� After this, the study has been focused on TinyDB, which can be considered as part of the most advanced technologies in the state of the art of information management in wireless sensor networks. TinyDB is a query processing system for extracting information from a network of sensors. It provides a SQL-like interface and it lets us to work with queries against the wireless sensor network like if it was a traditional database. In addition, TinyDB implements a lot of optimizations to manage data efficiently. In this project, it is implemented a simple wireless sensor network application too. Application���s motes are able to measure amperage through a cable. The target of the application is, by using a wireless sensor network and these sensors, to monitor energy consumption in different areas of a house. Additionally, it is implemented the most important optimizations that we have learned from the analysis of TinyDB platform. To develop this application it is used Arduino open-source electronics prototyping platform as motes, and Raspberry Pi single-board computer as coordinator.

Metodolog��a para deducir relaciones de linaje en el catastro de Espa��a.

En Espa��a, los datos catastrales de acceso p��blico, obtenidos a trav��s de la Sede Electr��nica del Catastro (SEC), no incluyen informaci��n sobre la genealog��a o las relaciones de linaje existente entre las parcelas, de forma que la gesti��n de la informaci��n hist��rica es muy limitada. Este art��culo presenta un m��todo para obtener las relaciones de linaje m��s frecuentes entre las parcelas (agregaci��n y segregaci��n) y propone un prototipo de estructura relacional para el almacenamiento y la gesti��n hist��rica de los datos catastrales de acceso p��blico. El proceso de an��lisis para deducir el linaje se basa en superposiciones espacio-temporales junto con secuencias de sentencias SQL. El m��todo proporciona un 70% de relaciones de agregaci��n y segregaci��n correctas; el resto presentan errores debidos, en general, a anomal��as presentes en los propios datos catastrales. ABSTRACT Public cadastral data in Spain, available through the Electronic Office of Cadastre, do not include any information on the genealogy or lineage relationship among the parcels, so the management of historical information becomes very limit ed. This paper presents a method for obtaining the most common lineage relationships between plots (aggregation and segregation) and proposes a relational structure prototype for the storage and historic management of public cadastral data. The analysis process to deduce the lineage is based on spatio-temporal overlaps coupled with SQL statements sequences. This method provides a 70% of correct aggregation and segregation relationships; the wrong cases are mainly caused by errors existing in the cadastral data themselves.

El espacio p��blico como marco de expresi��n art��stica

La tesis indaga sobre la capacidad del arte como elemento de transformaci��n de la ciudad. La pr��ctica cada vez m��s com��n de la instalaci��n de obras de arte ef��mero en el espacio p��blico de las ciudades produce alteraciones reales del paisaje urbano. En el caso de la ciudad de Madrid la proliferaci��n de obras de arte ef��mero en sus calles y plazas m��s c��ntricas se ha materializado de forma intensa desde los primeros a��os del siglo XXI. Este trabajo de investigaci��n estudia un intervalo de cinco a��os representativos para Madrid (2007-2011) por la cantidad y la trascendencia de las intervenciones de arte p��blico temporal y de arte urbano en su espacio p��blico. Con la recopilaci��n, el an��lisis, la categorizaci��n y evaluaci��n de casi trescientos ejemplos de manifestaciones art��sticas ef��meras en Madrid se establecen conclusiones sobre la repercusi��n del arte en la transformaci��n de ciertos procesos urbanos. La constataci��n de la existencia de un movimiento de arte urbano en el siglo XXI permite tratar un tema necesario en el momento actual: la revitalizaci��n del espacio urbano a trav��s del arte. La tesis trata de describir conceptualmente una forma novedosa de arte que puede ser un motor de procesos participativos urbanos directos y decisorios. ABSTRACT This thesis makes a research about the ability of art as an element of transformation inside the city. The increasingly common practice of ephemeral art installations in urban public spaces is provoking real changes in the cities landscape. In the case of Madrid the proliferation of ephemeral artworks in the most busy streets and squares has been brought into life as an intense activity from the first years of the 21st century. This research paper studies a span of five years which have been quite representative to Madrid (2007-2011) because of the big amount of meaningful interventions that have taken place both as temporary art and as urban art in its public spaces. Through data-gathering, analysis, classification and assessment of almost three hundred examples of ephemeral art forms in Madrid, several conclusions can be stated on the impact of art in transforming certain urban processes. This evidence of the existence of an urban art movement in the 21st century opens a necessary debate subject at this moment: the regeneration of urban space through art. This thesis aims at conceptually describe this newborn artistic expressions of art, seen as a driving force for providing more direct and participatory urban decision-making processes.

Dise��o de una red multinivel de conocimiento certificado y su aplicaci��n a la ense��anza universitaria

En la investigaci��n en e-Learning existe un inter��s especial en la adaptaci��n de los objetos de aprendizaje al estudiante, que se puede realizar por distintos caminos: considerando el perfil del estudiante, los estilos de aprendizaje, estableciendo rutas de aprendizaje, a trav��s de la tutor��a individualizada o utilizando sistemas de recomendaci��n. Aunque se han realizado avances en estas facetas de la adaptaci��n, los enfoques existentes aportan soluciones para un entorno espec��fico, sin que exista una orientaci��n que resuelva la adaptaci��n con una perspectiva m��s gen��rica, en el contexto de los objetos de aprendizaje y de la ense��anza. Esta tesis, con la propuesta de una ���red multinivel de conocimiento certificado��� aborda la adaptaci��n a los perfiles de los estudiantes, asume la reutilizaci��n de los objetos de aprendizaje e introduce la certificaci��n de los contenidos, sentando las bases de lo que podr��a ser una soluci��n global al aprendizaje. La propuesta se basa en reestructurar los contenidos en forma de red, en establecer distintos niveles de detalle para los contenidos de cada nodo de la red, para facilitar la adaptaci��n a los conocimientos previos del estudiante, y en certificar los contenidos con expertos. La ���red multinivel��� se implementa en una asignatura universitaria de grado, integr��ndola en los apuntes, y se aplica a la ense��anza. La validaci��n de la propuesta se realiza desde cuatro perspectivas: en las dos primeras, se realiza un an��lisis estad��stico para calcular la tasa de aceptaci��n y se aplica un modelo TAM, extrayendo los datos para realizar el an��lisis de una encuesta que cumplimentan los alumnos; en las otras dos, se analizan las calificaciones acad��micas y las encuestas de opini��n sobre la docencia. Se obtiene una tasa de aceptaci��n del 81% y se confirman el 90% de las hip��tesis del modelo TAM, se mejoran las calificaciones en un 21% y las encuestas de opini��n en un 9%, lo que valida la propuesta y su aplicaci��n a la ense��anza. ABSTRACT E-Learning research holds a special interest in the adaptation of learning objects to the student, which can be performed in different ways: taking into account the student profile or learning styles, by establishing learning paths, through individualized tutoring or using recommender systems. Although progress has been made in these types of adaptation, existing approaches provide solutions for a specific environment without an approach that addresses the adaptation from a more general perspective, that is, in the context of learning objects and teaching. This thesis, with the proposal of a ���certified knowledge multilevel network���, focuses on adapting to the student profile, it is based on the reuse of learning objects and introduces the certification of the contents, laying the foundations for what could be a global solution to learning. The proposal is based on restructuring the contents on a network setting different levels of depth in the contents of each node of the network to facilitate adaptation to the student���s background, and certify the contents with experts. The multilevel network is implemented in a university degree course, integrating it into the notes, and applied to teaching. The validation of the proposal is made from four perspectives: the first two, a statistical analysis is performed to calculate the rate of acceptance and the TAM model is applied, extracting data for analysis of a questionnaire-based survey completed by the students; the other two, academic qualifications and surveys about teaching are analyzed. The acceptance rate is 81%, 90% of TAM model assumptions are confirmed, academic qualifications are improved 21% and opinion survey 9%, which validates the proposal and its application to teaching.

Sensibilizar para a diversidade lingu��stica e cultural no pr��-escolar

Relat��rio de est��gio apresentado para obten����o do grau de mestre na especialidade profissional de educa����o pr��-escolar

UMA VIS��O BASEADA EM RECURSOS COM DIRECIONAMENTO ESTRAT��GICO: UMA PROPOSTA ��S INSTITUI����ES DE SA��DE HOSPITALARES P��BLICAS

Este trabalho investiga a utiliza����o da Vis��o Baseada em Recursos, tendo por objetivo propor um modelo de gest��o de pessoas que atenda a exigibilidade da qualidade de presta����o de servi��os �� sa��de. S��o observadas as rela����es de trabalho nesses servi��os nas diversas modalidades, a sistematiza����o do conhecimento sobre os elementos que figuram na gest��o de pessoas e a verifica����o da necessidade de Gest��o Operacional e Estrat��gica de Pessoas para trabalhadores das Institui����es de Sa��de Hospitalares P��blicas. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza emp��rico-explorat��ria, apoiada em m��ltiplos casos de hospitais p��blicos, entrevistando e registrando fatos observados nos locais pesquisados, aplicando-se o Protocolo de Observa����es. Para atingir o objetivo principal, s��o utilizados os fundamentos das obras de Marras (2001; 2003 e 2005): Rela����es Trabalhistas no Brasil: administra����o e estrat��gia; Administra����o de Recursos Humanos: do operacional ao estrat��gico; e Gest��o de Pessoas em Empresas Inovadoras, respectivamente. Al��m das observa����es participantes, utilizaram-se entrevistas e question��rios com os usu��rios e profissionais dos hospitais, com instrumentos adaptados para o contexto da institui����o e dado tratamento estat��stico para an��lise dos resultados, que se apresentam em tabelas para melhor visualiza����o dos dados e an��lise. A Gest��o de Pessoas nas ISHP permanecem no modelo tradicional e longe de qualquer movimento que possa torn��-la estrat��gica. O n��vel de satisfa����o dos pacientes para com os profissionais de sa��de �� ��timo, mas quanto aos recursos e infra-estrutura, �� baixo. Os profissionais de sa��de na quase sua totalidade trabalham por voca����o, esp��rito de humaniza����o e por acharem gratificante, embora o n��vel de insatisfa����o com a remunera����o recebida seja elevado.(AU)

UMA VIS��O BASEADA EM RECURSOS COM DIRECIONAMENTO ESTRAT��GICO: UMA PROPOSTA ��S INSTITUI����ES DE SA��DE HOSPITALARES P��BLICAS

Este trabalho investiga a utiliza����o da Vis��o Baseada em Recursos, tendo por objetivo propor um modelo de gest��o de pessoas que atenda a exigibilidade da qualidade de presta����o de servi��os �� sa��de. S��o observadas as rela����es de trabalho nesses servi��os nas diversas modalidades, a sistematiza����o do conhecimento sobre os elementos que figuram na gest��o de pessoas e a verifica����o da necessidade de Gest��o Operacional e Estrat��gica de Pessoas para trabalhadores das Institui����es de Sa��de Hospitalares P��blicas. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza emp��rico-explorat��ria, apoiada em m��ltiplos casos de hospitais p��blicos, entrevistando e registrando fatos observados nos locais pesquisados, aplicando-se o Protocolo de Observa����es. Para atingir o objetivo principal, s��o utilizados os fundamentos das obras de Marras (2001; 2003 e 2005): Rela����es Trabalhistas no Brasil: administra����o e estrat��gia; Administra����o de Recursos Humanos: do operacional ao estrat��gico; e Gest��o de Pessoas em Empresas Inovadoras, respectivamente. Al��m das observa����es participantes, utilizaram-se entrevistas e question��rios com os usu��rios e profissionais dos hospitais, com instrumentos adaptados para o contexto da institui����o e dado tratamento estat��stico para an��lise dos resultados, que se apresentam em tabelas para melhor visualiza����o dos dados e an��lise. A Gest��o de Pessoas nas ISHP permanecem no modelo tradicional e longe de qualquer movimento que possa torn��-la estrat��gica. O n��vel de satisfa����o dos pacientes para com os profissionais de sa��de �� ��timo, mas quanto aos recursos e infra-estrutura, �� baixo. Os profissionais de sa��de na quase sua totalidade trabalham por voca����o, esp��rito de humaniza����o e por acharem gratificante, embora o n��vel de insatisfa����o com a remunera����o recebida seja elevado.(AU)

UM ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE CONSTRU����O DA GEST��O DEMOCR��TICA EM UMA ESCOLA DO SISTEMA S

Este trabalho teve como prop��sito a an��lise da gest��o democr��tica de uma escola do Sistema S, especificamente o Centro Educacional SESI N�� 406, localizado na cidade de Mau��, uma das 211 escolas que comp��em a Rede Escolar SESI do Estado de S��o Paulo, no per��odo de 2001 a 2007, tendo como refer��ncia a an��lise do contexto hist��rico das lutas travadas pela democratiza����o da sociedade no per��odo que sucede a ditadura militar. O ensino como direito de todos, os mecanismos de participa����o, a inser����o da comunidade escolar nos processos decis��rios e a constru����o da gest��o democr��tica da escola, foram movimentos que acompanharam o processo de redemocratiza����o da sociedade no in��cio da d��cada de 1980. O estudo discute os caminhos trilhados para a conquista da gest��o democr��tica, identificando mudan��as e as transforma����es ocorridas no per��odo em quest��o. Utilizamos como recurso para a coleta de dados a an��lise de documentos da institui����o, a observa����o participante, a coleta de depoimentos escritos e gravados de alunos, professores e demais integrantes da comunidade escolar. Os dados desta pesquisa revelam que a mudan��a de postura do gestor, no sentido de possibilitar a dilui����o do poder, �� imprescind��vel para a ruptura dos modelos de administra����o verticalizada e centralizadora, tendo este o gestor o papel fundamental de articulador das a����es que priorizem o coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam o reconhecimento positivo do conjunto de atores sociais entrevistados quanto aos avan��os da gest��o democr��tica, considerada �� um processo em constru����o. Conclu��mos com Coutinho (2004), que a democracia deve ser entendida n��o como um estado, mas sempre como um processo.

UM ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE CONSTRU����O DA GEST��O DEMOCR��TICA EM UMA ESCOLA DO SISTEMA S

Este trabalho teve como prop��sito a an��lise da gest��o democr��tica de uma escola do Sistema S, especificamente o Centro Educacional SESI N�� 406, localizado na cidade de Mau��, uma das 211 escolas que comp��em a Rede Escolar SESI do Estado de S��o Paulo, no per��odo de 2001 a 2007, tendo como refer��ncia a an��lise do contexto hist��rico das lutas travadas pela democratiza����o da sociedade no per��odo que sucede a ditadura militar. O ensino como direito de todos, os mecanismos de participa����o, a inser����o da comunidade escolar nos processos decis��rios e a constru����o da gest��o democr��tica da escola, foram movimentos que acompanharam o processo de redemocratiza����o da sociedade no in��cio da d��cada de 1980. O estudo discute os caminhos trilhados para a conquista da gest��o democr��tica, identificando mudan��as e as transforma����es ocorridas no per��odo em quest��o. Utilizamos como recurso para a coleta de dados a an��lise de documentos da institui����o, a observa����o participante, a coleta de depoimentos escritos e gravados de alunos, professores e demais integrantes da comunidade escolar. Os dados desta pesquisa revelam que a mudan��a de postura do gestor, no sentido de possibilitar a dilui����o do poder, �� imprescind��vel para a ruptura dos modelos de administra����o verticalizada e centralizadora, tendo este o gestor o papel fundamental de articulador das a����es que priorizem o coletivo. Os resultados evidenciam o reconhecimento positivo do conjunto de atores sociais entrevistados quanto aos avan��os da gest��o democr��tica, considerada �� um processo em constru����o. Conclu��mos com Coutinho (2004), que a democracia deve ser entendida n��o como um estado, mas sempre como um processo.