961 resultados para Cultural field


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Apresenta-se uma teoria explicativa sôbre a percepção cultural dos fatos sociais, mostrando-se a influência cultural e subcultural nesse processo. Ao mesmo tempo, procura-se aplicar as idéias expendidas ao campo da saúde pública.

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Examina-se o conceito do relativismo cultural sob bases filosóficas e sua validade nas ciências da saúde. Analisam-se os têrmos absoluto, relativo e universal, chegando-se a um modêlo operacional do relativismo cultural nas ciências da saúde.

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Foram determinados numa amostra probabilística da população escolar do 1º grau da rede da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo: (1) o estado vacinal das crianças - nº de doses de vacina de Sabin - (2) o tipo de sua habitação - residência, favela e cortiço - e (3) o nível cultural da mãe - analfabeta e alfabetizada. Estes fatores foram relacionados com a presença de anticorpos protetores e o estado imunitário da mesma população infantil. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma correlação entre a presença de anticorpos protetores contra os poliovírus dos tipos 1, 2 e 3 e o número de doses de vacina oral (trivalente) recebidas pelas crianças de 7 e 8 anos de idade. Contudo, as crianças só mostraram níveis satisfatórios de imunidade com 5 e mais doses de vacina. Nos grupos etários de 9 a 15 e mais anos, o estado imunitário das crianças não se apresentou mais relacionado com o número de doses de vacina recebidas, o que deve ser atribuído à imunização das crianças não vacinadas através de infecções naturais com poliovírus, que circulam nas comunidades. Quando o estado imunitário das crianças foi relacionado com o tipo de sua habitação e o nível cultural da mãe, verificou-se que quantidades substancialmente menores de vacina oral, administradas às crianças cujas mães são analfabetas, ou que habitam em favelas e cortiços, foram até certo ponto compensadas, em termos de imunidade, através de infecções naturais com poliovírus circulantes. Os autores recomendam um esquema de vacinação contra a poliomielite que apresente, em sua série básica, pelo menos 5 doses de vacina de Sabin (trivalente).

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O projecto “Principais tendências no cinema português contemporâneo” nasceu no Departamento de Cinema da ESTC, com o objectivo de desenvolver investigação especializada a partir de um núcleo formado por alunos da Licenciatura em Cinema e do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento de Projecto Cinematográfico, a que se juntaram professores-investigadores membros do CIAC e convidados. O que agora se divulga corresponde a dois anos e meio de trabalho desenvolvido pela equipa de investigação, entre Abril de 2009 e Novembro de 2011. Dada a forma que ele foi adquirindo, preferimos renomeá-lo, para efeitos de divulgação, “Novas & velhas tendências no cinema português contemporâneo”.

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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.

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Low noise surfaces have been increasingly considered as a viable and cost-effective alternative to acoustical barriers. However, road planners and administrators frequently lack information on the correlation between the type of road surface and the resulting noise emission profile. To address this problem, a method to identify and classify different types of road pavements was developed, whereby near field road noise is analyzed using statistical learning methods. The vehicle rolling sound signal near the tires and close to the road surface was acquired by two microphones in a special arrangement which implements the Close-Proximity method. A set of features, characterizing the properties of the road pavement, was extracted from the corresponding sound profiles. A feature selection method was used to automatically select those that are most relevant in predicting the type of pavement, while reducing the computational cost. A set of different types of road pavement segments were tested and the performance of the classifier was evaluated. Results of pavement classification performed during a road journey are presented on a map, together with geographical data. This procedure leads to a considerable improvement in the quality of road pavement noise data, thereby increasing the accuracy of road traffic noise prediction models.

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We investigate a mechanism that generates exact solutions of scalar field cosmologies in a unified way. The procedure investigated here permits to recover almost all known solutions, and allows one to derive new solutions as well. In particular, we derive and discuss one novel solution defined in terms of the Lambert function. The solutions are organised in a classification which depends on the choice of a generating function which we have denoted by x(phi) that reflects the underlying thermodynamics of the model. We also analyse and discuss the existence of form-invariance dualities between solutions. A general way of defining the latter in an appropriate fashion for scalar fields is put forward.

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In this paper we present an amorphous silicon device that can be used in two operation modes to measure the concentration of ions in solution. While crystalline devices present a higher sensitivity, their amorphous counterpart present a much lower fabrication cost, thus enabling the production of cheap disposable sensors for use, for example, in the food industry. The devices were fabricated on glass substrates by the PECVD technique in the top gate configuration, where the metallic gate is replaced by an electrolytic solution with an immersed Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Silicon nitride is used as gate dielectric enhancing the sensitivity and passivation layer used to avoid leakage and electrochemical reactions. In this article we report on the semiconductor unit, showing that the device can be operated in a light-assisted mode, where changes in the pH produce changes on the measured ac photocurrent. In alternative the device can be operated as a conventional ion selective field effect device where changes in the pH induce changes in the transistor's threshold voltage.

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INTRODUCTION: In spite of general agreement that cross-cultural research is needed in the health area, most existing investigations of children's development of health and illness-related concepts have involved samples from developed countries. The study examined the development of the concepts of health and illness as a function of subject's age, socio-economic status (SES), gender and grade level in a Brazilian sample of 96 elementary and junior high school students. METHODS: Subjects were interviewed individually and their ideas of health and illness were assessed through open-ended questions. Participants' answers were transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: Chi-square analyses revealed significant age, school grade and SES-related differences in participants' concepts of health and illness. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The themes employed by subjects to define both health and illness were broadly consistent with those found by previous research. The study showed a predictable relationship between subject's age and school grade level and increasingly more highly differentiated and multidimensional concepts of health and illness. This investigation suggests that, for the most part, cross-cultural similarities in children's concepts of health and illness may be more striking than the differences.