The Influence of Performance Level, Age and Gender on Pacing Strategy During a 100-km Ultramarathon

The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of performance level, age and gender on pacing during a 100-km ultramarathon. Results of a 100-km race incorporating the World Masters Championships were used to identify differences in relative speeds in each 10-km segment between participants finishing in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of overall positions (Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Similar analyses were performed between the top and bottom 50% of finishers in each age category, as well as within male and female categories. Pacing varied between athletes achieving different absolute performance levels. Group 1 ran at significantly lower relative speeds than all other groups in the first three 10-km segments (all P < 0.01), and significantly higher relative speeds than Group 4 in the 6th and 10th (both P < 0.01), and Group 2 in the 8th (P = 0.04). Group 4 displayed significantly higher relative speeds than Group 2 and 3 in the first three segments (all P < 0.01). Overall strategies remained consistent across age categories, although a similar phenomenon was observed within each category whereby ‘top’ competitors displayed lower relative speeds than ‘bottom’ competitors in the early stages, but higher relative speeds in the later stages. Females showed lower relative starting speeds and higher finishing speeds than males. ‘Top’ and ‘bottom’ finishing males displayed differing strategies, but this was not the case within females. Although pacing remained consistent across age categories, it differed with level of performance within each, possibly suggesting strategies are anchored on direct competitors. Strategy differs between genders and differs depending on performance level achieved in males but not females.

Sentimento e reflexão : crítica da identidade nos «Fichte-studien» de Novalis

Tese de doutoramento, Estudos de Literatura e de Cultura (Estudos de Literatura e de Cultura de Expressão Alemão), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2016

Making way for change at the Bar: The practical implications of the new Bar Standards Board Handbook

The Legal Services Act 2007 caused a need to change professional conduct rules for lawyers in England and Wales. The Bar Standards Board Handbook brings substantial changes to the way barristers are regulated. Changes include litigation rights, reporting of professional misconduct, an increased focus on chambers, and expansion to include employees of chambers and barristers without practicing certificates (unregistered or non-practicing barristers). The approach to enforcement and supervision moves to include elements of outcome focused, principle based and risk based approaches. These changes have the potential to change the practice of different groups of barristers and the dynamics between them.

Literary translation and quality assessment analysis – its significance in translation training

This paper aims to highlight the role of translation quality assessment in translation training so as to develop students’ translation competence and skills to face translation problems. An analysis to assess literary translation quality is proposed before proceeding to discuss its pedagogical implementation.

O Contributo da auditoria interna para uma gestão eficaz

Com a globalização da economia e o crescimento dos mercados financeiros, surge cada vez mais a necessidade de obter informação útil e atempada, que permita aos gestores das organizações tomar as melhores decisões para a consecução dos objectivos e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias. É neste contexto que a auditoria interna assume um papel relevante, indo ao encontro dos interesses dos gestores, na medida em que audita não só os procedimentos relativos ao reporte financeiro, como também todos os outros procedimentos de controlo interno, contribuindo assim para um controlo mais amplo e completo em toda a organização. O presente trabalho tem como objectivo verificar até que ponto a auditoria interna contribui para uma gestão eficaz das organizações. Para tal, realizaram-se pesquisas sobre os principais conceitos, funções e procedimentos relacionados com auditoria interna e a sua relação com a gestão das organizações. Seguidamente, procedeu-se à explicação da metodologia praticada e à exposição do caso empírico, que teve como base a elaboração de dois questionários basicamente semelhantes, que foram enviados às 200 empresas que apresentaram maior Volume de Negócios, retiradas do universo das “1000 MAIORES EMPRESAS” a actuarem no mercado português durante o ano de 2010. Esses questionários tiveram como objectivo cruzar as opiniões de gestores e auditores, a fim de concluir se existe ou não um contributo da auditoria interna para uma gestão eficaz. Na posse da informação recolhida foi possível ressaltar o contributo da auditoria interna como ferramenta indispensável para uma gestão eficaz, no sentido que procura adequar os custos, aumentar a produtividade, auxiliar no processo de gestão dos riscos e no processo de tomada de decisão, de modo a tornar as organizações mais competitivas e garantindo-lhes um crescimento sustentado.

Aptitude au volant: comment ne pas perdre les pédales [Driving ability: how not to lose control?].

Any primary care doctor should be able to decide on the fitness to drive of a given patient. The issue of an older driver, patients addicted to alcohol or drugs, under current psychotropic drug treatment, or diabetic, is discussed in the light of legal provisions and current recommendations. This article also discusses aspects associated with neurological, cardiac and orthopedic issues.

Role of secretory immunoglobulin A and secretory component in the protection of mucosal surfaces.

The contribution of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies in the defense of mucosal epithelia plays an important role in preventing pathogen adhesion to host cells, therefore blocking dissemination and further infection. This mechanism, referred to as immune exclusion, represents the dominant mode of action of the antibody. However, SIgA antibodies combine multiple facets, which together confer properties extending from intracellular and serosal neutralization of antigens, activation of non-inflammatory pathways and homeostatic control of the endogenous microbiota. The sum of these features suggests that future opportunities for translational application from research-based knowledge to clinics include the mucosal delivery of bioactive antibodies capable of preserving immunoreactivity in the lung, gastrointestinal tract, the genito-urinary tract for the treatment of infections. This article covers topics dealing with the structure of SIgA, the dissection of its mode of action in epithelia lining different mucosal surfaces and its potential in immunotherapy against infectious pathogens.

Charta öfver Åland : Del. C. T.

Tekijä: Christophorus Tärnström, 1711-1746, laivapastori, tutkimusmatkailija.

Charta öfver mellersta delen af Östersjön

Karttalehdellä: Landskänningar

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1830/10 (T48)-1830/12.

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1828/07 (T39)-1828/09.

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1832/10 (T56)-1832/12.

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1827/01 (T33)-1827/03.

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1827/10 (T36)-1827/12.

Revue encyclopédique : ou Analyse raisonnée des productions les plus remarquables dans la littérature, les sciences et les arts / par une réunion de membres de l'Institut et d'autres hommes de lettres

1826/01 (T29)-1826/03.