Chemically tagging the Hyades stream: does it partly originate from the Hyades cluster?

The Hyades stream has long been thought to be a dispersed vestige of the Hyades cluster. However, recent analyses of the parallax distribution, of the mass function, and of the action-space distribution of stream stars have shown it to be rather composed of orbits trapped at a resonance of a density disturbance. This resonant scenario should leave a clearly different signature in the element abundances of stream stars than the dispersed cluster scenario, since the Hyades cluster is chemically homogeneous. Here, we study the metallicity as well as the element abundances of Li, Na, Mg, Fe, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd and Eu for a random sample of stars belonging to the Hyades stream, and compare them with those of stars from the Hyades cluster. From this analysis: (i) we independently confirm that the Hyades stream cannot be solely composed of stars originating in the Hyades cluster; (ii) we show thatsomestars (namely 2/21) from the Hyades stream nevertheless have abundances compatible with an origin in the cluster; (iii) we emphasize that the use of Li as a chemical tag of the cluster origin of main-sequence stars is very efficient in the range 5500K ≤Teff≤ 6200K, since the Li sequence in the Hyades cluster is very tight, while at the same time spanning a large abundance range; (iv) we show that, while this evaporated population has a metallicity excess of ~0.2 dex with respect to the local thin-disc population, identical to that of the Hyades cluster, the remainder of the Hyades stream population has still a metallicity excess of ~0.06-0.15 dex, consistent with an origin in the inner Galaxy and (v) we show that the Hyades stream can be interpreted as an inner 4:1 resonance of the spiral pattern: this then also reproduces an orbital family compatible with the Sirius stream, and places the origin of the Hyades stream up to 1kpc inwards from the solar radius, which might explain the observed metallicity excess of the stream population. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.

Androgens and breast cancer

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Negative hormonal control by the androgen DHT and antiestrogen EM-139 on cell cycle kinetics and proliferation in human breast cancer ZR-75-1 cells

info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedForPublication

Androgens and breast cancer

We have recently demonstrated that physiological levels of androgens exert direct and potent inhibitory effects on the growth of human breast cancer ZR-75-1 cells in vivo in nude mice as well as in vitro under both basal and estrogen-stimulated conditions. The inhibitory effect of androgens has also been confirmed on the growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Such observations are in close agreement with the clinical data showing that androgens and the androgenic compound medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) have beneficial effects in breast cancer in women comparable to other endocrine therapies, including tamoxifen. Although the inhibitory action of androgens on cell proliferation in estrogen-induced ZR-75-1 cells results, in part, from their suppressive effect on expression of the estrogen receptor, the androgens also exert a direct inhibitory effect independent of estrogens. Androgens cause a global slowing effect on the duration of the cell cycle. These observations support clinical data showing that androgenic compounds induce an objective remission after failure of antiestrogen therapy as well as those indicating that the antiproliferative action of androgens is additive to that of antiestrogens. We have also recently demonstrated in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells the antagonism between androgens and estrogens on the expression of GCDFP-15 and GCDFP-24 which are two major proteins secreted in human gross cystic disease fluid. The effects of androgens and estrogens as well as those of progestins and glucocorticoids on GCDFP-15 and GCDFP-24 mRNA levels and secretion are opposite to those induced by the same steroids on cell growth in ZR-75-1 cells.

The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database

This paper describes the status of the 2008 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The new edition is the first official public release since the 2004 edition, although a number of crucial updates had been made available online since 2004. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components that serve as input for radiative-transfer calculation codes: individual line parameters for the microwave through visible spectra of molecules in the gas phase; absorption cross-sections for molecules having dense spectral features, i.e. spectra in which the individual lines are not resolved; individual line parameters and absorption cross-sections for bands in the ultraviolet; refractive indices of aerosols, tables and files of general properties associated with the database; and database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 42 molecules including many of their isotopologues. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Laboratory Fourier transform spectroscopy of the water absorption continuum from 2500 to 22500 cm-1

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Absolute intensities of water vapor lines in the near ultraviolet and visible regions

Collection :Europto series, 6

Estudio del sistema de agronegocios lechero de la Región Sierra del Ecuador : identificación de restricciones y oportunidades para mejorar su competitividad

La creciente ola de prosperidad y urbanización en Asia, África y América Latina fomenta el aumento en la demanda de productos lácteos. Una investigación realizada por Tetra PakDairyIndex en el 2011, proyecta un aumento de cerca de 25 por ciento en el consumo global de leche entre 2010 y 2020. América Latina reúne condiciones insuperables para aumentar sus producciones de leche y ser proveedor de la demanda del propio continente En Ecuador, se ha incrementado la producción de leche y productos lácteos, aunque sólo exporta el 1 por ciento de su producción, mientras que la población ecuatoriana todavía mantiene un bajo nivel de consumo de lácteos. Este hecho mantiene latentes las oportunidades para el desarrollo de la industria láctea y la ganadería nacional. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar un estudio del Sistema de Agronegocios lechero de la Región Sierra de Ecuador, el cuál permita conocer su desarrollo y limitaciones, y a partir de las mismas proponer alternativas de mejora competitiva. Se utiliza el método EPESA el cual establece los lineamientos para el estudio de sistemas de agronegocios desde una óptica sistémica y utilizando como marco teórico de la nueva economía institucional. Se realizó un análisis de fuentes de información secundaria así como también se realizaron entrevistas con informantes calificados dada la escasez de información a nivel nacional. El SAG lechero de la Región Sierra cuenta con dos subsistemas: el subsistema formal y el informal, surgen a partir del bajo enforcement institucional y una demanda local que prefiere lácteos no pasteurizados y "directo del campo". Es por ello que se observan mayores niveles de tecnificación, productividad, inocuidad, sanidad y calidad en el subsistema formal, lo que lleva a competencia desleal entre ambos subsistemas. Otro aspecto se refiere a las transacciones, las cuales en general todas las transacciones del sistema (y en ambos subsistemas) son de altos niveles de incertidumbre y costos de transacción, a pesar que en el subsistema formal se observan contratos. Del análisis competitivo se observa en comparación con el SAG lechero del Uruguay, el SAG lechero cuenta desventajas competitivas en factores tecnológicos avanzados (status sanitario, genética, disponibilidad y uso de maquinaria), también en la demanda (dado el bajo consumo per cápita y una demanda de baja exigencia en calidad, y bajas exportaciones), la baja presencia en el sistema de organismos de investigación y organizaciones gremiales, y la ausencia de cooperativas sumado a una alta atomización de los productores. Este estudio ha sido clave para proponer una alternativa de mejora competitiva del sistema, el cual se resume en la creación de un organismo público-privado (CONALECH) que coordine y dictamine las estrategias que el sistema debe seguir.

Estudio del sistema de agronegocios lechero de la Región Sierra del Ecuador : identificación de restricciones y oportunidades para mejorar su competitividad

La creciente ola de prosperidad y urbanización en Asia, África y América Latina fomenta el aumento en la demanda de productos lácteos. Una investigación realizada por Tetra PakDairyIndex en el 2011, proyecta un aumento de cerca de 25 por ciento en el consumo global de leche entre 2010 y 2020. América Latina reúne condiciones insuperables para aumentar sus producciones de leche y ser proveedor de la demanda del propio continente En Ecuador, se ha incrementado la producción de leche y productos lácteos, aunque sólo exporta el 1 por ciento de su producción, mientras que la población ecuatoriana todavía mantiene un bajo nivel de consumo de lácteos. Este hecho mantiene latentes las oportunidades para el desarrollo de la industria láctea y la ganadería nacional. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar un estudio del Sistema de Agronegocios lechero de la Región Sierra de Ecuador, el cuál permita conocer su desarrollo y limitaciones, y a partir de las mismas proponer alternativas de mejora competitiva. Se utiliza el método EPESA el cual establece los lineamientos para el estudio de sistemas de agronegocios desde una óptica sistémica y utilizando como marco teórico de la nueva economía institucional. Se realizó un análisis de fuentes de información secundaria así como también se realizaron entrevistas con informantes calificados dada la escasez de información a nivel nacional. El SAG lechero de la Región Sierra cuenta con dos subsistemas: el subsistema formal y el informal, surgen a partir del bajo enforcement institucional y una demanda local que prefiere lácteos no pasteurizados y "directo del campo". Es por ello que se observan mayores niveles de tecnificación, productividad, inocuidad, sanidad y calidad en el subsistema formal, lo que lleva a competencia desleal entre ambos subsistemas. Otro aspecto se refiere a las transacciones, las cuales en general todas las transacciones del sistema (y en ambos subsistemas)son de altos niveles de incertidumbre y costos de transacción, a pesar que en el subsistema formal se observan contratos. Del análisis competitivo se observa en comparación con el SAG lechero del Uruguay, el SAG lechero cuenta desventajas competitivas en factores tecnológicos avanzados (status sanitario, genética, disponibilidad y uso de maquinaria), también en la demanda (dado el bajo consumo per cápita y una demanda de baja exigencia en calidad, y bajas exportaciones), la baja presencia en el sistema de organismos de investigación y organizaciones gremiales, y la ausencia de cooperativas sumado a una alta atomización de los productores. Este estudio ha sido clave para proponer una alternativa de mejora competitiva del sistema, el cual se resume en la creación de un organismo público-privado (CONALECH)que coordine y dictamine las estrategias que el sistema debe seguir.

En las ciudades invisibles X

Através de la ventana la ciudad aparece conexa y cubriendo el mundo entero –Trude–, pero al salir a la calle veo rectángulos de cielo entre los edificios contiguos de cada manzana reticular –Zora–. El carácter conexo de la ciudad era sólo aparente, las casas y rascacielos no se adosan a sus vecinos, sino que mantienen una separación mínima que les permita vibrar sin peligro durante un seísmo. En el paseo me despisto. Pensaba haber salido ya de la ciudad, pero todavía estoy en ella –Zoe–. Supongo que atravieso limbos imperceptibles buscando un centro inexistente o ubicable en cualquier lugar –Pentesilea–. Desciendo las escaleras que conducen al metro y otra ciudad aparece bajo tierra –Argia–, más bulliciosa si cabe que la de arriba. El mapa de estaciones y recorridos reproduce en el plano un ovillo tridimensional –Zobeida– que recorren a diario millones de personas. Está salpicado de signos indescifrables que, en lugar de ayudarme, inducen a engaño –Ipazia–. Cuando vuelvo a emerger a la luz del día me encuentro un panorama similar. Inconscientemente elaboro relaciones de equivalencia –Zirma– para poder fijar imágenes, ideas y cosas en mi memoria.

Can density functional theory (DFT) be used as an aid to a deeper understanding of tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways?

Prediction of tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation for non-peptidic molecules based on structure is of immense interest to the mass spectrometrist. If a reliable approach to MS/MS prediction could be achieved its impact within the pharmaceutical industry could be immense. Many publications have stressed that the fragmentation of a molecular ion or protonated molecule is a complex process that depends on many parameters, making prediction difficult. Commercial prediction software relies on a collection of general heuristic rules of fragmentation, which involve cleaving every bond in the structure to produce a list of 'expected' masses which can be compared with the experimental data. These approaches do not take into account the thermodynamic or molecular orbital effects that impact on the molecule at the point of protonation which could influence the potential sites of bond cleavage based on the structural motif. A series of compounds have been studied by examining the experimentally derived high-resolution MS/MS data and comparing it with the in silico modelling of the neutral and protonated structures. The effect that protonation at specific sites can have on the bond lengths has also been determined. We have calculated the thermodynamically most stable protonated species and have observed how that information can help predict the cleavage site for that ion. The data have shown that this use of in silico techniques could be a possible way to predict MS/MS spectra. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Canna tandilensis Ciciar. (Cannaceae-Zingiberales), a new species from Argentina.

Canna tandilensis is proposed as a species new to science. Plants grow wild terrestrial, in rocky places exposed to solar radiation forming dense colonies whose individuals of small to medium length, produce reduced inflorescences with large and few yellow to bright orange flowers and narrow and reflexed staminodes. The specific epithet refers to the city of Tandil at the south of Buenos Aires Province where the holotype comes from. It is related to other species having reduced inflorescences, narrow leaves and staminodes, and nectar guides in androecium pieces such as C. lineata. A detailed description of the new species is given, along with a study of the morphological vegetative and floral characters. These characters were compared with those from two other species C. glauca and C. lineata. According to these new evidences two groups of similar species of the genus are suggested. The number of species surveyed until now in Argentina rises to sixteen.

Myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease in the ApoEurope study

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Epidemiological and molecular genetic studies have shown the existence of several genes associated with increased risk of AD, the major genetic susceptibility locus coding for apolipoprotein E (apoE). A polymorphism in the myeloperoxidase gene (MPO) has previously been associated with AD susceptibility. However, results in the literature are controversial and seem to be dependent on several factors such as gender, apoE polymorphism or the genetic structure of the population. We investigated MPO G-463A and apoE polymorphism in 265 cases and 246 controls from the ApoEurope Study. In females, we found a significant association between MPO genotype and AD (P=0.034), GG genotype frequency being lower in cases (52.4%) as compared to controls (64.2%). In men, there was no significant effect of MPO polymorphism. No interaction was found between MPO polymorphism and apoE epsilon 4 allele. In conclusion, the G-463A polymorphism of MPO was statistically associated with AD in a gender-specific manner. However, given the low significance of P value we suggest no causal effect of the MPO gene in AD, as also evidenced in a recent meta-analysis. Our results support the hypothesis of a possible linkage disequilibrium between the MPO G-463A gene polymorphism and another functional variant involved in AD.

Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the North East Atlantic.

Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast Atlantic John T. Allen1,2, Louise Brown1,3, Richard Sanders1, C. Mark Moore1, Alexander Mustard1, Sophie Fielding1, Mike Lucas1, Michel Rixen4, Graham Savidge5, Stephanie Henson1 and Dan Mayor1 Top of pageDiatoms are unicellular or chain-forming phytoplankton that use silicon (Si) in cell wall construction. Their survival during periods of apparent nutrient exhaustion enhances carbon sequestration in frontal regions of the northern North Atlantic. These regions may therefore have a more important role in the 'biological pump' than they have previously been attributed1, but how this is achieved is unknown. Diatom growth depends on silicate availability, in addition to nitrate and phosphate2, 3, but northern Atlantic waters are richer in nitrate than silicate4. Following the spring stratification, diatoms are the first phytoplankton to bloom2, 5. Once silicate is exhausted, diatom blooms subside in a major export event6, 7. Here we show that, with nitrate still available for new production, the diatom bloom is prolonged where there is a periodic supply of new silicate: specifically, diatoms thrive by 'mining' deep-water silicate brought to the surface by an unstable ocean front. The mechanism we present here is not limited to silicate fertilization; similar mechanisms could support nitrate-, phosphate- or iron-limited frontal regions in oceans elsewhere.

The trade unions membership dynamics and union members’ trajectories

This text presents an analysis of aggregated membership’s dynamics for Spanish trade unions, using ECVT data, as well as union memberships’ trajectories, or members’ decisions about joining the organization, permanency and responsibilities, and subsequent attrition. For the analysis of trajectories we make use of information of the records of actual memberships and the record of quitting of CCOO, and of a survey-questionnaire to a sample of leavers of the same union. This study allows us to confirm a linkage between the decision and motivations to become union member, to participate in union activities, the time of permanency, and the motives to quit the organization. We also identify five types of union members’ trajectories, indicating that, far from views that assert a monolithic structure, unions are complex organizations.