Roy equation analysis of ππ scattering

We analyse the Roy equations for the lowest partial waves of elastic ππ scattering. In the first part of the paper, we review the mathematical properties of these equations as well as their phenomenological applications. In particular, the experimental situation concerning the contributions from intermediate energies and the evaluation of the driving terms are discussed in detail. We then demonstrate that the two S-wave scattering lengths a00 and a02 are the essential parameters in the low energy region: Once these are known, the available experimental information determines the behaviour near threshold to within remarkably small uncertainties. An explicit numerical representation for the energy dependence of the S- and P-waves is given and it is shown that the threshold parameters of the D- and F-waves are also fixed very sharply in terms of a00 and a20. In agreement with earlier work, which is reviewed in some detail, we find that the Roy equations admit physically acceptable solutions only within a band of the (a00,a02) plane. We show that the data on the reactions e+e−→ππ and τ→ππν reduce the width of this band quite significantly. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of the decay K→ππeν in restricting the allowed range of a00, preparing the grounds for an analysis of the forthcoming precision data on this decay and on pionic atoms. We expect these to reduce the uncertainties in the two basic low energy parameters very substantially, so that a meaningful test of the chiral perturbation theory predictions will become possible.

Polymer microfabrication by scanning based microstereolithography: Optical design and material functionality

Several research groups have attempted to optimize photopolymerization parameters to increase the throughput of scanning based microstereolithography (MSL) systems through modified beam scanning techniques. Efforts in reducing the curing line width have been implemented through high numerical aperture (NA) optical setups. However, the intensity contour symmetry and the depth of field of focus have led to grossly non-vertical and non-uniform curing profiles. This work tries to review the photopolymerization process in a scanning based MSL system from the aspect of material functionality and optical design. The focus has been to exploit the rich potential of photoreactor scanning system in achieving desired fabrication modalities (minimum curing width, uniform depth profile, and vertical curing profile) even with a reduced NA optical setup and a single movable stage. The present study tries to manipulate to its advantage the effect of optimized lower c] (photoinitiator (PI) concentration) in reducing the minimum curing width to similar to 10-20 mu m even with a higher spot size (similar to 21.36 mu m) through a judiciously chosen ``monomer-PI'' system. Optimization on grounds of increasing E-max (maximum laser exposure energy at surface) by optimizing the scan rate provides enough time for the monomer or resin to get cured across the entire resist thickness (surface to substrate similar to 10-100 mu m), leading to uniform depth profiles along the entire scan lengths. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4750975]

Depth: a web server to compute depth, cavity sizes, detect potential small-molecule ligand-binding cavities and predict the pK(a) of ionizable residues in proteins

Residue depth accurately measures burial and parameterizes local protein environment. Depth is the distance of any atom/residue to the closest bulk water. We consider the non-bulk waters to occupy cavities, whose volumes are determined using a Voronoi procedure. Our estimation of cavity sizes is statistically superior to estimates made by CASTp and VOIDOO, and on par with McVol over a data set of 40 cavities. Our calculated cavity volumes correlated best with the experimentally determined destabilization of 34 mutants from five proteins. Some of the cavities identified are capable of binding small molecule ligands. In this study, we have enhanced our depth-based predictions of binding sites by including evolutionary information. We have demonstrated that on a database (LigASite) of similar to 200 proteins, we perform on par with ConCavity and better than MetaPocket 2.0. Our predictions, while less sensitive, are more specific and precise. Finally, we use depth (and other features) to predict pK(a)s of GLU, ASP, LYS and HIS residues. Our results produce an average error of just <1 pH unit over 60 predictions. Our simple empirical method is statistically on par with two and superior to three other methods while inferior to only one. The DEPTH server (http://mspc.bii.a-star.edu.sg/depth/) is an ideal tool for rapid yet accurate structural analyses of protein structures.

CFT(4) partition functions and the heat kernel on AdS(5)

We consider four-dimensional CFTs which admit a large-N expansion, and whose spectrum contains states whose conformal dimensions do not scale with N. We explicitly reorganise the partition function obtained by exponentiating the one-particle partition function of these states into a heat kernel form for the dual string spectrum on AdS(5). On very general grounds, the heat kernel answer can be expressed in terms of a convolution of the one-particle partition function of the light states in the four-dimensional CFT. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration in Mice and Flies

Many aspects of skeletal muscle biology are remarkably similar between mammals and tiny insects, and experimental models of mice and flies (Drosophila) provide powerful tools to understand factors controlling the growth, maintenance, degeneration (atrophy and necrosis), and regeneration of normal and diseased muscles, with potential applications to the human condition. This review compares the limb muscles of mice and the indirect flight muscles of flies, with respect to the mechanisms of adult myofiber formation, homeostasis, atrophy, hypertrophy, and the response to muscle degeneration, with some comment on myogenic precursor cells and common gene regulatory pathways. There is a striking similarity between the species for events related to muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, without contribution of any myoblast fusion. Since the flight muscles of adult flies lack a population of reserve myogenic cells (equivalent to satellite cells), this indicates that such cells are not required for maintenance of normal muscle function. However, since satellite cells are essential in postnatal mammals for myogenesis and regeneration in response to myofiber necrosis, the extent to which such regeneration might be possible in flight muscles of adult flies remains unclear. Common cellular and molecular pathways for both species are outlined related to neuromuscular disorders and to age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The commonality of events related to skeletal muscles in these disparate species (with vast differences in size, growth duration, longevity, and muscle activities) emphasizes the combined value and power of these experimental animal models.

Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration in Mice and Flies

Many aspects of skeletal muscle biology are remarkably similar between mammals and tiny insects, and experimental models of mice and flies (Drosophila) provide powerful tools to understand factors controlling the growth, maintenance, degeneration (atrophy and necrosis), and regeneration of normal and diseased muscles, with potential applications to the human condition. This review compares the limb muscles of mice and the indirect flight muscles of flies, with respect to the mechanisms of adult myofiber formation, homeostasis, atrophy, hypertrophy, and the response to muscle degeneration, with some comment on myogenic precursor cells and common gene regulatory pathways. There is a striking similarity between the species for events related to muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, without contribution of any myoblast fusion. Since the flight muscles of adult flies lack a population of reserve myogenic cells (equivalent to satellite cells), this indicates that such cells are not required for maintenance of normal muscle function. However, since satellite cells are essential in postnatal mammals for myogenesis and regeneration in response to myofiber necrosis, the extent to which such regeneration might be possible in flight muscles of adult flies remains unclear. Common cellular and molecular pathways for both species are outlined related to neuromuscular disorders and to age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The commonality of events related to skeletal muscles in these disparate species (with vast differences in size, growth duration, longevity, and muscle activities) emphasizes the combined value and power of these experimental animal models.

Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating of Sediments from Himalaya

Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating gives the age of most recent daylight exposure or heating of samples to >400 degrees C or the formation events of authigenic minerals. These correspond to the age of sedimentation and burial, ages of thermal events like contact heating by lava flows and heating during faulting and sand dyke formation, and the formation of a mineral via chemical precipitation. With the first observation of OSL in 1985, this method now occupies centre stage in Quaternary Geochronology. The use of OSL method for sediments from Himalaya began over three decades ago. The method has since provided chronology for a variety of events, such as past glaciation events, formation ages of river terraces, paleo-lacustrine deposits, landslides, floods, seismic events with substantive new insights into timing and style of geological processes. Theoretically, the dating range of method is present to a Million years, and this critically depends on two factors, viz, luminescence properties of mineral and their radiation environments. The general working range using quartz is 200ka, and using feldspars is up to Brunhes Matuyam Boundary. Extensions beyond this limit are currently being explored.

Scour of the seabed under a pipeline in oscillating flow

The scour of the seabed under a pipeline is studied experimentally in this paper. Tests are carried out in a U-shaped oscillatory water tunnel with a box imbedded in the bottom of the test section. By use of the standard sand, clay and plastic grain as the seabed material, the influence of the bed material on the scour is studied. The relationship between the critical initial gap-to-diameter ratio above which no scour occurs and the parameters of the oscillating flow is obtained. The self-burial phenomenon. which occurs for the pipeline not fixed to two sidewalls of the test section, is not observed for the Bred pipeline. The effect of the pipe on sand wave formation is discussed. The maximum equilibrium scour depths For different initial gap-to-diameter ratios, different Kc numbers and different bed sands are also given in this paper.

Actitud natural y actitud fenomenológica

Resumen: La fenomenología de Husserl toma como punto de partida el problema del conocimiento con el fin de reformular la idea de una filosofía como ciencia estricta que aspira en última instancia a establecer una vida éticamente buena sobre bases racionales. Tiene que enfrentarse para ello con las cuestiones del comienzo de la filosofía y de su método. Ambas exigen tener en cuenta la distinción entre la actitud natural y la actitud propiamente filosófica porque la epojé que abre el camino a la reducción fenomenológica requiere advertir, tematizar y suspender la validez de la actitud natural. En la primera sección del artículo se deslindan los rasgos esenciales de las actitudes y se distinguen tipos generales de actitudes. A continuación se muestra, en la segunda sección, a la actitud natural como el fondo o suelo de todas las actitudes especiales y se delinean sus caracteres más sobresalientes. En la tercera sección, por último, se contrasta esta actitud natural básica con la actitud fenomenológica en conexión con el modo como Descartes comprende las cuestiones del comienzo y del método. Con ello se retorna al planteo de la filosofía como conocimiento en vistas a una renovación ética de la vida espiritual a fin de precisar por qué el paso de la actitud natural a la actitud fenomenológica es la condición necesaria para poder abandonar la instalación ingenua sobre el suelo incuestionado del mundo.

El bien común como fundamento de la responsabilidad del estado

Resumen: Los doctrinarios, a la hora de fundamentar la responsabilidad del Estado, han esgrimido diversas teorías. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos plantear otra mirada al respecto, postulando el bien común como fundamento de la responsabilidad del Estado. Para ello, conceptualizamos el bien común para repasar las distintas respuestas que se han dado en torno al interrogante de por qué el Estado responde. Ello, a fin de demostrar que todas esas respuestas, en definitiva, se cimientan en el bien común. Finalmente, ahondamos en doctrina ius-administrativista, iusfilósofica y de orden jurisprudencial para sustentar nuestra opinión.

Defensa de la vida física del paciente en estado terminal : entre la dignidad y la autonomía

Resumen: Proponemos un análisis crítico de los fundamentos que sustentan la llamada “Ley de Muerte Digna” incorporada en la Ley que consagra la regulación de los derechos del paciente, historia clínica, consentimiento informado, (Art. 2º, inc. “e” párr. 2º de la Ley 26.529 modificada por la Ley 26.742), que introduce en nuestro país la existencia real de un sistema eutanásico formal sin fundamentos de orden científico, éticos e incluso jurídicos. ¿Es moralmente lícito suprimir la vida del enfermo terminal?, ¿la legalización de esta práctica eutanásica es la primera piedra de una nueva “cultura” de la vida? Entendemos que la llamada “tesis de la autonomía”, fundante de la reforma legislativa en cuestión, desde una óptica Bioética personalista, merece serias objeciones bioéticas ya que puede distorsionar gravemente el ejercicio de la medicina y la relación médico paciente.

Ensayo : contexto político-legislativo de la crianza en Colombia: una reflexión psicológica

Este ensayo propone que la crianza debe ser objeto de renovada investigación. Esto con el fin de que una forma de crianza llamada humanizada, que es aquella en la que se educa con base en el reconocimiento de los derechos de los niños y adolescentes, se promocione y se posicione en las políticas sociales. Para ello se exponen someramente las condiciones político-legislativas colombianas e internacionales.

Fundamento iusfilosófico de la privacidad y del derecho subjetivo de protección de datos personales

Resumen: Es habitual que en la fundamentación de derecho de la privacidad se acuda al valor de la dignidad humana, pero cuando los autores realizan esa vinculación suelen entender a la dignidad hu - mana como justificada en la mera autonomía del sujeto. Para este punto de vista que denominamos visión moderna, en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentales existe un amplio e indefinido campo de libertad, y esta libertad es o sería el derecho básico en sí mismo, o derecho fundamental por antonomasia. Esto significa la concepción del derecho entendido bajo su faz subjetiva. El derecho como un mero poder cuyo límite está en el poder o la facultad de otro, y el Estado como arbitrador de esos poderes subjetivos en pugna. Sin embargo, los derechos fundamentales entre los que se encuentran el derecho a la intimidad y a la privacidad, el derecho al resguardo del honor y de la imagen, encuentran su justificación en lo justo objetivo y en la dignidad humana. La dignidad como un valor que da sentido se justifica cuando es entendida con una apertura a la trascendencia de la persona, y a un fin objetivo al que dicha trascendencia se encamina.

Cuidados paliativos y magisterio de la Iglesia

Resumen: Para entender el Cuidado Paliativo, según el Personalismo ontológico y el Magisterio, se necesita una ética del cuidado, basado en el imperativo del amor al prójimo. El centro de toda la asistencia es la persona, el respeto por su dignidad y la inviolabilidad de la vida humana, sin dejar de hacer referencia al fin último trascendente que fundamenta toda la existencia. Se considera imprescindible el diálogo integrador entre la fe, la razón y las ciencias que permita iluminar los Cuidados Paliativos a través de una antropología y filosofía moral que guíe la praxis de los profesionales y voluntarios. En el Hospice Madre Teresa se cuida al enfermo hasta su fin natural intentando anunciar el Se ayuda a todas las personas a descubrir, a la luz de la razón y de la fe, el significado a su existencia. Se trata de encontrar puntos de diálogo con los no creyentes para promover la cultura de la vida sabiendo que la razón, iluminada por la fe, se libera de los límites propios de la naturaleza humana encontrando la fuerza necesaria para elevarse al conocimiento del misterio de Dios.

Executivo, Congresso e parlamentares na estrutura de delegação legislativa do Brasil republicano

Analisa a evolução da estrutura de delegação legislativa no Brasil republicano,identificando a centralidade do Executivo no processo decisório no pós-30 e evidenciando, ao mesmo tempo, o aumento da capacidade de controle da delegação por parte do Poder Legislativo a partir de 1988. A análise orienta-se pela argumentação de Shugart e Carey sobre os fundamentos da delegação legislativa.