Acúmulo de silício na parte aérea de cultivares de arroz de terras altas afetado pela aplicação de silicato e carbonato no solo

Even the element silicon being the most uptake by rice plant, many benefit effect like: increase of pest and disease tolerance, decrease of lost of water by transpiration and better the leaf architecture becoming the leafs more erect, resulting as well at the better photosynthesis efficacy. There is not too much knowledge about the uptake march in upland rice plants. This study aimed to evaluate the content of silicon in two upland rice cultivars by the influence of the application of silicate and limestone at the soil. The experiment was carried in Hapludox soil in a completely randomized experimental design in 2x2x7 factorial scheme in four replications. The treatments were consisted of calcium silicate fertilizer and limestone in interaction with seven period of physiological stage, using the upland rice cultivars Caiapo and Maravilha. At the cultivar Maravilha Si accumulation begin from tillering and achieve it better value at the microsporogenesis, while the Caiapo cultivar, occurs between tillering until the mily grain. Caiapo shows efficient Si accumulation when it was supplied to the soil. Plant organs that more accumulated silicon in both upland rice cultivars followed decreased order: stem > leaf > panicle.

Comportamento de genótipos de alface com o alelo mo10 ao Lettuce mosaic virus e Lettuce mottle virus

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Gesso aplicado na superfície do solo no desenvolvimento do arroz de terras altas sob plantio direto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nutrient accumulation and biomass production of alfafa after soil amendment with silicates

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Manejo da adubação com sulfato de amônio no desempenho produtivo do milho cultivado após aveia e trigo

The time, dose and applied nutrients in corn have a direct effect on its productivity. Therefore, the objective was to study the application of N and S in corn as ammonium sulfate, in succession to wheat and oats and evaluate different forms of fertilizer management. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in Oxisol (Hapludox). The five treatments with N, at a dose of 120 kg ha(-1) were applied in 20 plots (5x4), according to the management of fertilizer: T1-N (120 kg ha(-1)) full at sowing, T2-N (120 kg ha(-1)) total coverage; T3-N (40 kg ha(-1)) at sowing and N (80 kg ha(-1)) in coverage; T4-N advance in wheat sowing and sowing oats (120 kg ha(-1)), T5-(control). The S doses were corresponding to their concentrations in the fertilizer. Only wheat received a dose of 24 kg N ha(-1) at sowing all plots and oats received 24 kg N ha(-1) at sowing only the portions related to treatment with anticipation of corn N (T4). We evaluated the biomass production of winter crops (oats and wheat), according to the fertilization at sowing, and also the influence of winter crops and management of ammonium sulfate, the corn yield. The oats produced more dry matter in relation to wheat, positively influencing the corn yield, regardless of fertilizer management. The anticipation of ammonium sulfate, the sowing of oats, was favorable to corn yield, equating to other forms of management of fertilizer. Rotation corn and oats, forms management, ammonium sulphate, at seeding, topdressing or applied in split were equally efficient in corn yields.

Doses, fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em arroz de terras altas cultivado em sistema de semeadura direta

The crop demand by nitrogen varies from one crop to other as well as the amount and application time, and this nutrient can be lost by leaching, volatilization and erosion. The objective of this study was to evaluate doses, sources and times of nitrogen application in rice of high lands cropped in no till system. The work was conducted in Selviria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in a soil originally under Cerrado vegetation. A randomized blocks design, with the treatments disposed in a factorial scheme 5x3x2 was used. The treatments were constituted by five nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha(-1)), three nitrogen sources (urea; ammonium sulfonitrate plus nitrification inhitor and ammonium sulfate) and two application times (at sowing or at flower bud differentiation), with four repetitions. The sources of nitrogen, as well as the application times had similar effects for most of evaluations. The N doses influenced linearly or with quadratic adjustment the plant height, N leaf content and grains yield, in the two growing seasons. The chlorophyll content and the number of ears m(-2) were affected only, in the first year. The highest yield in the growing season of 2007/08 was obtained with the dose of 149 kg ha(-1) of N. In 2008/09 growing season the increase of N doses provided increment in the grains rice yield, until the maximum dose evaluated (200 kg ha(-1) of N).

SILICON IN ROW AND NITROGEN IN TOPDRESSING FERTILIZATION ON RICE UNDER DRY LAND AND SPRINKLER IRRIGATION CONDITIONS

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of silicon application adjusted with nitrogen fertilization via top-dressing on grain productivity, the silicon contents of the soil, in the plant tissue and nitrogen contents in dry and irrigated conditions. The experimental outlining was from designed blocks with subdivided parcels and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of culture system (dry and irrigated) and the under parcels by the combination of silicon (0 and 100 kg ha(-1)), in magnesium and calcium silicate form (with 23% of SiO2), and four doses of N (urea) via top-dressing (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha(-1)). Silicon application at sowing furrow was a viable technique because it provided significant increase in the content of this element in the root growth of rice. The application of silicon in the sowing furrow did not change the content of the element nor the nitrogen nutrition in rice plants. The nitrogen application reduced the silicon content and increased nitrogen nutrition in rice plants. Silicon application at sowing furrow provided no increase in rice grain yield. When there was no water limitation to nitrogen fertilization enhanced linearly on rice grain yield, whereas under water stress the effect of nitrogen fertilization was limited.

Phytotoxicity of extracts and fractions of Ouratea spectabilis (Mart. ex Engl.) Engl. (Ochnaceae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detecção da procedência de plantas psicoativas pelos isótopos estáveis do nitrogênio (15n) e oxigênio (18o)

This research examines the merits of hallucinogenic plants considered and/or psychoactive substances, such as Cannabis sativa and Ipomoea violacea, using the isotope rates of stable isotope of oxygen (18O) and nitrogen (15N), continuing projects already developed by the research group at the Center for Stable Isotope (CIE), which evaluated the isotopes carbon-13. This paper helps in creating a database that we intent to use in evaluation of each plant merit. Through the IRMS (Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry) technique, it has shown that some of the 24 samples of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) evaluated were similar to those grown in the regions of Fairbanks and Tanacross Alaska, USA. In turn, the 50 samples of Ipomoea violacea, coming from Botucatu (SP) and Três Lagoas (MS), got their differences detected, in order to clearly identify the discrepancies between their growing regions. Thus, it was possible not only to track the geographical differences between marijuana samples collected from different regions, but also evaluate the isotopic variation of leaf, flower and seed of Ipomoea violacea. With this database, it was possible to determine the origin region of the drug and/or detect where the cultivation was carried out, aiding in the search of the traffic control agencies, such as the Federal Police in Brazil

Capacidade antioxidante e compostos bioativos em hortaliças analisadas em dois períodos de cultivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mutagenic potential of lettuce grown from irradiated seeds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phytotoxicity of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq: leaves extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. leaves ethanolic extract in seeds germination, development and fixation of Lactuca sativa seedlings. The same study also aimed to assess the mitotic index of lettuce roots meristematic cells, quantification of phenols and total flavonoids and triage by mean of phytochemical testing of the main secondary metabolites classes. Bioassays of germination, development of root and hypocotyl were carried out in Petri dishes using achenes of Lactuca sativa L. cv. 'Grand Rapids' (lettuce). Concomitantly, were evaluated the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, osmotic potential and electrical conductivity), mitotic index, quantification of total phenols and flavonoids and determination of phytochemical profile of the treatments extract. The results obtained in the bioassays demonstrate that the ethanol extract of S. aculeatissimuma presents phytotoxic potential in the development of lettuce seedlings, given that the concentration of 20 mg/ml showed greater inhibition (41% of germination). The extract contains significant amounts of antioxidants, total flavonoid and phenols, where the concentration 1000µg/mL showed higher values (86.50%). Furthermore, it was possible to observe the presence of compounds with allelopathic activity in the phytochemical screening test as coumarins, tannins, terpenes, flavonoids and alkaloids. Given the above it is clear that the ethanolic extract of S. aculeatissimum presents allelopathic substances with phytotoxic activity that can affect the germination and development of other plant species in their natural environment.

Leaf gas exchange and yield of three upland rice cultivars

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processo de produção de composto orgânico derivado de resíduos industriais com aplicação no cultivo de alface

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito alelopático de melissa, capim-cidreira, lavanda e alecrim na germinação e vigor de sementes de alface

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a inluência na germinação e vigor de sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) de macerados e infusões de Melissa oficinalis L. (melissa), Rosmarinus oficinalis L. (alecrim), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavanda) e Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (capim-cidreira). O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições, cada unidade experimental constituída por 25 sementes. Sendo os tratamentos: alecrim infusão, alecrim macerado, lavanda infusão, lavanda macerado, melissa infusão, melissa macerado, capim-cidreira infusão, capim-cidreira macerado e testemunha. As variáveis avaliadas foram: índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), porcentagens de plantas anormais (PA), porcentagens de plantas germinadas (PG), massa fresca (MF), massa seca (MS), comprimento da parte aérea (CPA) e comprimento da radícula (CR). O capim-cidreira apresentou efeito alelopático negativo na germinação e no vigor de sementes de L. sativa L. Já em melissa infusão veriicou-se ação estimulante.