Mise au point concernantl'utilisation du dosagede l'antigène carcino-embryonnaire (CEA)en clinique

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker defined by specific heterologous antisera. Elevated levels of circulating CEA have been detected by radioimmunoassay in 20-90 per cent of cases of colorectal carcinomas depending on the degree of tumor spread. The fact that elevation of CEA level can also be observed in other types of carcinomas and in several non malignant conditions greatly limit the value of the CEA test for the early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Thus, the CEA assay should not be used as a screening test for cancer. Repeatecl CEA mesurements, however, appear to be of importance for the evaluation of tumor resection and the detection of tumor recurrence. The only localized tumors known to produce elevation of CEA above the levels observed in non malignant diseases are carcinomas of the large bowel and the pancreas. In carcinomas derived from other organs a marked increase of CEA level is always associated with the presence of distant metastasis. Therefore at the present time the clinical applications of the CEA radioimmunoassay should be limited to the differentiai diagnosis of patients with suspicion of primary colorectal or pancreatic carcinoma, to the detection of distant metastasis in other types of carcinomas and to the post operative follow up of patients who had elevated levels of CEA before surgery. Well-controlled studies are still needed to determine if therapeutic decisions based on CEA results can lead to improved survival.

Plannification hospitalière: Quel scénario démographique pour prédire les besoins en soins hospitaliers?

Contexte: L'évolution démographique est un facteur essentiel pour la planification hospitalière. Le scenario démographique moyen de l'OFS ne répond que partiellement aux exigences de la planification pour le canton du Valais ; il ne permet pas de faire des projections par région hospitalière. De plus, la croissance en 2010 et 2011 selon le scenario OFS est inferieure a celle observée. Nous avons développe un scenario ajuste en tenant compte de l'évolution récente de la population valaisanne, et ce par région hospitalière. Méthode: La population de départ et les taux d'accroissement du au solde naturel et migratoire 2012 ont été déterminés à partir des données réelles 2011. Entre 2002 et 2011, le taux d'accroissement migratoire a fortement varie. Les taux 2011 ont donc été ajustés en fonction des taux moyens d'accroissement migratoire 2002-2011 calcules pour chaque région hospitalière. Pour les années 2013-2025, les écarts de taux d'accroissement naturel et migratoire du scenario OFS ont été repris tel quel. Résultats: Entre 2000 et 2010, la population valaisanne est passée de 276'170 a 312'684 habitants (+13.2%). Entre 2012 et 2025, les deux scenarios prévoient une poursuite de la croissance de la population, mais de manière moins soutenue, particulièrement selon le scenario OFS. Ainsi, en 2020, la population devrait atteindre 348'783 habitants (+11.5%) selon le scenario ajuste et 330'616 (+5.7%) selon le scenario OFS. La part de la population âgée de 65 ans et plus passera de 17.1% en 2010 a 20.5% en 2020 selon le scenario ajuste et a 21.4% selon le scenario OFS. Conclusion: Au vu des limites du scenario moyen de l'OFS, il est pertinent de développer des alternatives tenant compte au mieux des spécificités démographiques cantonales. Le scenario ajuste prédit une croissance plus forte de la population, ce qui a un impact important sur les besoins en soins hospitaliers et la planification hospitalière.

The fusion protein of wild-type canine distemper virus is a major determinant of persistent infection.

The wild-type A75/17 canine distemper virus (CDV) strain induces a persistent infection in the central nervous system but infects cell lines very inefficiently. In contrast, the genetically more distant Onderstepoort CDV vaccine strain (OP-CDV) induces extensive syncytia formation. Here, we investigated the roles of wild-type fusion (F(WT)) and attachment (H(WT)) proteins in Vero cells expressing, or not, the canine SLAM receptor by transfection experiments and by studying recombinants viruses expressing different combinations of wild-type and OP-CDV glycoproteins. We show that low fusogenicity is not due to a defect of the envelope proteins to reach the cell surface and that H(WT) determines persistent infection in a receptor-dependent manner, emphasizing the role of SLAM as a potent enhancer of fusogenicity. However, importantly, F(WT) reduced cell-to-cell fusion independently of the cell surface receptor, thus demonstrating that the fusion protein of the neurovirulent A75/17-CDV strain plays a key role in determining persistent infection.

[Palerme. Chiesa di San Giorgio dei Genovesi]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 312

Iowa Highway Research Board Research and Development Activities FY 2015

This report, entitled Iowa Highway Research and Development Activities FY 2015, is submitted in compliance with Iowa Code section 310.36 and 312.3A, which direct the submission of a report of the Secondary Road Research Fund and the Street Research Fund, respectively. It is a report of the status of research and development projects in process on June 30, 2015. It is also a report on projects completed during the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2014 and ending June 30, 2015. Detailed information on each of the research and development projects mentioned in this report is available from the office of Research and Analytics, Performance and Technology Division, Iowa Department of Transportation. All approved reports are also online for viewing at http://www.iowadot.gov/research/pdf/IHRBAnnualReport.pdf.

Les curés du diocèse de Grenoble ont l'honneur de représenter à Mgr. l'évêque de Grenoble et à MM. du bureau diocésain, qu'ils forment la portion la plus nombreuse du clergé... ([Reprod.])

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 5.312

Interpoladores geoestatísticos na análise da distribuição espacial da precipitação anual e de sua relação com altitude

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a contribuição da variável auxiliar altitude, na estimativa da distribuição espacial da precipitação anual média no Estado de São Paulo. A estatística quadrado médio do erro (QME) foi usada em dois conjuntos de observações de precipitação anual média (1957 a 1997): o completo, com 1.027 observações, e o reduzido, com 445. Bolsões de precipitação foram perfeitamente definidos nos mapas de variabilidade espacial que utilizaram o conjunto completo de dados, e indicaram a existência de possíveis microclimas. O interpolador geoestatístico de krigagem ordinária apresentou desempenho 82 vezes mais preciso que o interpolador do inverso do quadrado da distância, quando o QME foi usado como critério de comparação para o conjunto de dados completo. Para o conjunto reduzido, essa magnitude foi de duas vezes. Os erros de estimação obtidos por krigagem ordinária foram menores no conjunto completo, enquanto os obtidos por cokrigagem ordinária foram menores no reduzido. Isso indica que esses interpoladores devem ser usados para determinação da distribuição espacial da precipitação anual média. O uso da altitude como variável auxiliar beneficia o interpolador de cokrigagem ordinária e define microrregiões mais uniformes quanto à distribuição espacial da precipitação anual média.