697 resultados para gato selvagem


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Entre os impactos das mudanças climáticas previstas para este século estão as possíveis alterações no padrão de distribuição de espécies, comunidades, e até mesmo biomas. Tais impactos ocorrerão, sem distinção, tanto dentro como fora de áreas protegidas. No Brasil, as unidades de conservação (UCs) estão organizadas segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). Porém, a lei federal 9985/2000 que rege o SNUC não contempla a ocorrência de mudanças climáticas e as possíveis ações de manejo para contornar o problema dentro delas. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa pretende, de forma pioneira, iniciar a investigação das mudanças climáticas a ocorrerem dentro das áreas protegidas (AP) em âmbito nacional. Para isso, fez-se uma análise geográfica das mudanças de temperatura e precipitação oriundas de vários modelos climáticos utilizados pelo IPCC no seu quinto relatório dentro das áreas compreendidas dentro das UCs cadastradas no SNUC e Terras Indígenas. Tal análise pautou-se pelos diversos tipos de áreas protegidas e também pelas macrorregiões geográficas do Brasil. Nossos resultados mostram que as APs passíveis de mudanças climáticas mais extremas (aumento de temperatura > 3ºC e redução de precipitação >50mm/mês) são aquelas que contemplam a presença de populações tradicionais na região Norte e Centro-Oeste do país. Ao final do projeto os resultados do projeto foram apresentados em Brasília no Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Tal interação demonstrou a inexistência de uma estratégia do governo federal para a adaptação das áreas protegidas Brasileiras aos efeitos de mudanças climáticas futuras

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The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Entre os impactos das mudanças climáticas previstas para este século estão as possíveis alterações no padrão de distribuição de espécies, comunidades, e até mesmo biomas. Tais impactos ocorrerão, sem distinção, tanto dentro como fora de áreas protegidas. No Brasil, as unidades de conservação (UCs) estão organizadas segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). Porém, a lei federal 9985/2000 que rege o SNUC não contempla a ocorrência de mudanças climáticas e as possíveis ações de manejo para contornar o problema dentro delas. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa pretende, de forma pioneira, iniciar a investigação das mudanças climáticas a ocorrerem dentro das áreas protegidas (AP) em âmbito nacional. Para isso, fez-se uma análise geográfica das mudanças de temperatura e precipitação oriundas de vários modelos climáticos utilizados pelo IPCC no seu quinto relatório dentro das áreas compreendidas dentro das UCs cadastradas no SNUC e Terras Indígenas. Tal análise pautou-se pelos diversos tipos de áreas protegidas e também pelas macrorregiões geográficas do Brasil. Nossos resultados mostram que as APs passíveis de mudanças climáticas mais extremas (aumento de temperatura > 3ºC e redução de precipitação >50mm/mês) são aquelas que contemplam a presença de populações tradicionais na região Norte e Centro-Oeste do país. Ao final do projeto os resultados do projeto foram apresentados em Brasília no Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Tal interação demonstrou a inexistência de uma estratégia do governo federal para a adaptação das áreas protegidas Brasileiras aos efeitos de mudanças climáticas futuras

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The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Leishmania (Viannia) shawi causes cutaneous lesions in humans. Parasite antigens conferring significant protection against American tegumentar leishmaniosis (ATL) might be important for the development of effective vaccine. Therefore, this work evaluates the protective effect of antigenic fractions released by L. shawi. Antigens released by promastigotes to culture medium were concentrated and isolated by SDS-PAGE. The three main fractions LsPass1 (>75 kDa), LsPass2 (75-50 kDa) and LsPass3 (<50 kDa) were electro-eluted according with their molecular mass. Immunized BALB/c mice were challenged with L. shawi promastigotes and the course of infection monitored during 5 weeks. LsPass1-challenged mice showed no protection, however, a strong degree of protection associated to smaller lesions and high expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T and double negative CD4CD8 cells was achieved in LsPass3-challenged mice. Furthermore, LsPass2-challenged mice showed an intermediated degree of protection associated to high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA. In spite of increased expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, high amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were also detected in LsPass3-challenged mice indicating a possible contribution of these cytokines for the persistence of a residual number of parasites that may be important in inducing long-lasting immunity. Therefore, LsPass3 seems to be an interesting alternative that should be considered in the development of an effective vaccine against ATL.

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Glucocorticoids (GC) represent the main treatment for pemphigus; however, some patients show GC resistance. GC sensitivity was evaluated in 19 pemphigus patients and 41 controls by the number of binding sites [B-max (fmol/mg protein)] and the affinity of GC receptor [Kd (nM)] to dexamethasone (DEX) as well as by the pattern of cytokine by DEX-mediated inhibition of concanavalin-A (Con-A)-stimulated PBMC proliferation. The Kd (15.7 +/- 2.8 vs.8.1 +/- 1.3) and Bmax (6.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.3) were higher in pemphigus than controls (p = 0.002). Considering the values above the 95th percentile of normal group as a cut-off (K-d > 24.9 nM and B-max > 8.1 fmol/mg protein), elevated K-d and B-max were observed in 9.8% and 2.4% of controls and 15.8% and 36.8% of patients (p = 0.02). PBMC proliferation was stimulated by Con-A and inhibited by DEX (p < 0.001) in both pemphigus and control groups. IL-6 and TNF alpha (pg/mL) basal production were higher in patients than controls. There was an increment of these cytokines after Con-A stimulation, and they were inhibited by DEX (p = 0.002) in controls and remained elevated in pemphigus (p < 0.02). Patients and controls showed no difference in basal and stimulated production of IL-8 and IL-10. There is an alteration on GC sensitivity in pemphigus patients and a higher production of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, in pemphigus patients, proinflammatory cytokines might be involved in the mechanism of GC resistance and/or in its maintenance.

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The environmental factors that contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases are largely unknown. Endemic pemphigus foliaceus in humans, known as Fogo Selvagem (FS) in Brazil, is mediated by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). Clusters of FS overlap with those of leishmaniasis, a disease transmitted by sand fly (Lutzomyia longipalpis) bites. In this study, we show that salivary Ags from the sand fly, and specifically the LJM11 salivary protein, are recognized by FS Abs. Anti-Dsg1 monoclonal autoantibodies derived from FS patients also cross-react with LJM11. Mice immunized with LJM11 generate anti-Dsg1 Abs. Thus, insect bites may deliver salivary Ags that initiate a cross-reactive IgG4 Ab response in genetically susceptible individuals and lead to subsequent FS. Our findings establish a clear relationship between an environmental, noninfectious Ag and the development of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 189: 1535-1539.

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The hormone oxytocin is released by the neuropituitary gland through stimulation of the neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. In order to determine the physiological concentrations of this hormone in domestic cats, blood samples were collected from 15 male animals (Felis silvestris catus) during the pre- and post-puberty periods (at four and eight months of age, respectively). Oxytocin determination was accomplished by radioimmunoassay. The average oxytocin concentrations measured in the pre- and post-puberty periods were 2.54±0.24 (μg/dL) and 2.53±0.28 (μg/dL), respectively, and there were no statistical differences between these measurements. Because there are few literature on the analysis of this hormone, especially in the case of male Felis silvestris catus, more studies on the influence of oxytocin on the physiology and reproduction of this species should be conducted under maintenance and situations of stress (such as transportation), and other routine events.

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A caracterização das populações canina e felina domiciliadas do município de São Paulo (SP) foi realizada utilizando-se amostragem complexa com seleção aleatória em dois estágios. Em cada distrito administrativo, foram visitados seis setores censitários e 20 domicílios em cada setor sorteado, de setembro de 2006 a setembro de 2009, totalizando 11.272 entrevistas. A razão homem:cão foi de 4,34, e a razão homem:gato de 19,33. A população canina foi estimada em 2.507.401, e a felina em 562.965. A população canina era composta por 52,7% de machos, e a felina por 45,1%. A proporção de fêmeas esterilizadas, 23,4% das cadelas e 46,1% das gatas, é maior que a de machos, 11,4% dos cães e 31,5% dos gatos. A idade média dos cães era de 4,99 anos e a dos gatos de 3,53 anos. A proporção de cães com restrição de acesso à rua, 64,4%, foi maior que a de gatos, 42,5%. A média de animais/domicílio foi estimada em 1,60 para cães e 1,69 para gatos. A guarda destes animais está associada a fatores culturais, assim a caracterização da população de animais é base da estruturação adequada de programas de controle populacional e de zoonoses.