Efeitos do modo ventilatório sobre variáveis hemogasométricas em equinos submetidos à mudança de decúbito durante a anestesia geral inalatória com halotano

Compararam-se os efeitos da ventilação espontânea (V E) e controlada (V C) em equinos submetidos à mudança de decúbito durante anestesia. Dezesseis animais foram equitativamente divididos em dois grupos: V E e V C. Os procedimentos cirúrgicos foram iniciados com os animais em decúbito lateral esquerdo (DLE) e, após 75 minutos, os animais foram reposicionados em decúbito lateral direito (DLD). Análises hemogasométricas do sangue arterial foram realizadas após 30 e 75 minutos com os animais posicionados em cada decúbito (M1 e M2 no DLE e M3 e M4 no DLD, respectivamente). Durante a V E, observaram-se hipercapnia (PaCO2 >45mmHg), acidose respiratória (pH <7,35), redução significativa da oxigenação sanguínea após 75min da mudança de decúbito (M4: 205,8±124,7mmHg) em relação aos valores de PaO2 observados antes da mudança de posicionamento (M1: 271,8±84,8mmHg). A Vc foi associada a valores de PaCO2 e pH mais próximos da normalidade bem como resultou em valores de PaO2 significativamente maiores (52 a 96% de elevação nos valores médios) que a V E. Conclui-se que a mudança de decúbito, em equinos anestesiados com halotano e mantidos sob V E, resulta em hipercapnia, acidose respiratória e diminuição dos valores de PaO2. A instituição de V C, desde o início da anestesia, previne a acidose respiratória, além de resultar em valores de PaO2 mais próximos do ideal para animais respirando O2 a 100%.

Does propofol and isoflurane protect the kidney against ischemia/reperfusion injury during transient hyperglycemia?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios do butorfanol em cães pré-tratados ou não pela levomepromazina

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos do butorfanol precedido ou não pela levomepromazina sobre a freqüência cardíaca (FC), as pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD e PAM, respectivamente), a freqüência respiratória (f), a concentração de dióxido de carbono ao final da expiração (ETCO2), a saturação da oxihemoglobina (SpO2), o volume corrente (VC) e o volume minuto (VM), em cães. Para tal, foram empregados vinte animais adultos, clinicamente saudáveis, distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos (GC e GL). Ao GC administrou-se solução salina a 0,9% (Controle), no volume de 0,2mL kg-1, pela via intravenosa (IV). Decorridos 15 minutos, administrou-se butorfanol na dose de 0,3mg kg-1 pela mesma via. Aos animais do GL foi adotada a mesma metodologia, porém substituindo-se a solução salina pela levomepromazina na dose de 1mg kg-1. As medidas das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias iniciaram-se imediatamente antes da aplicação dos fármacos (M1). Novas mensurações foram realizadas 15 minutos após a administração da solução salina a 0,9% ou levomepromazina (M2) e 10 minutos após a administração de butorfanol (M3). As demais colheitas foram realizadas a intervalos de 10 minutos, durante 30 minutos (M4, M5 e M6, respectivamente). Os dados numéricos colhidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) para as comparações das médias. O emprego do butorfanol promoveu diminuição significativa das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e do volume minuto no grupo previamente tratado pela levomepromazina; entretanto, essas alterações foram discretas, não comprometendo os demais parâmetros circulatórios e respiratórios.

Annual characteristics of estrous activity in wool and hair ewe lambs under subtropical conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona em borregas lanadas e deslanadas no período de abril a novembro, no Estado de São Paulo

Objetivou-se com este trabalho o fornecimento de informações sobre o padrão de secreção da progesterona (P4) e as características de manifestação do ciclo estral em borregas lanadas e deslanadas, durante o período de abril a novembro, no Estado de São Paulo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas da veia jugular de 12 borregas das raças Santa Inês (SI), Romney Marsh (RM) e Suffolk (SU), e as concentrações foram determinadas pelo método de radioimunoensaio utilizando-se kits comerciais. O estro foi detectado por machos vasectomizados (impregnados com tinta pó xadrez + óleo comestível na região peitoral) em 31 borregas (10 SI, 11 RM e 10 SU). O estro foi determinado pelo confronto da observação de fêmeas marcadas pelos machos vasectomizados e dos valores de concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona inferiores a 1 ng/mL. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos ciclos estrais foi de duração normal (14 - 19 dias) para todas as raças. A duração dos ciclos de duração normal das borregas SU foi inferior aos das borregas SI e RM, as quais não diferiram entre si. Não houve diferença entre as raças na duração dos ciclos curtos (< 14 dias) e longos (20 - 26 dias). O padrão de secreção de P4 mostrou a presença de ciclos estrais múltiplos (27 - 57 dias) indicando a incidência de ovulações silenciosas. As borregas SI encontravam-se em atividade cíclica reprodutiva apresentando valores que variaram de 0,08 a 7,36 ng/mL, enquanto que as raças RM e SU encontravam-se em atividade somente no período de abril a julho com valores que variaram de 0,13 a 7,05 ng/mL e de 0,15 a 7,30 ng/mL, respectivamente. de agosto a novembro, estas duas raças encontravam-se em anestro. Conclui-se que, em São Paulo, a raça SI não possui estacionalidade no ciclo reprodutivo como as raças RM e SU.

Concentrações séricas de progesterona e metabólitos lipídicos em cabras mestiças alimentadas com dietas hiperlipídicas durante o ciclo estral

The serum concentration of progesterone and lipidics metabolites were studied using tallow as lipidic suplementation during the estrous cycle of 32 crossbred goats, with average age and weight of five months and 25 kg. The goats were randomlly allocated in four treatments as described: treatment 1, restricted intake; treatment 2, full feed; treatments 3 and 4, hiperlipidics diets with 2.5% and 5.0% of tallow, respectively. The female goats under restricted intake, showed the small serum progesterone level (P<0.05) at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of the estrous cycle, while the ones under hiperlipidics diets, treatments 3 and 4, showed greater levels. The same results were found for serum levels of cholesterol and HDL in the estrous cycle days 6, 9 and 21, and 12, 15 and 21, respectively, that is, the females under restricted diet showed the small level and the ones treated with hiperlipidics diets, the highest. The hiperlipidics diets were important factor in altering the serum cholesterol and HDL levels, showing that the lipidic metabolism may be effective in cyclic luteal progesterone production in the puberal female goats.

Partially exchanged organophilic bentonites

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review

Question: Which communication factors used by clinicians during patient-clinician interactions are associated with satisfaction with care? Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies investigating the association of verbal or nonverbal factors or interaction styles used by clinicians with patient satisfaction during an encounter between clinician and patient. Participants: Clinicians interacting with patients in primary care or rehabilitation settings. Results: Twenty-seven studies investigated 129 verbal, nonverbal, and interaction style factors. of these, 38 factors were consistently associated with satisfaction. Verbal factors concerning clinicians involving, facilitating, and supporting patients were associated with satisfaction with care. Most communication factors presented a fair correlation (r >= 0.21 but < 0.41) with satisfaction with care. Nonverbal factors such as time spent discussing prevention and time spent reading patient charts had a fair association with satisfaction with care (correlations range from 0.21 to 0.40). A moderate association was found between interaction styles such as caring (pooled r = 0.51, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.60) and satisfaction with care. Over half (58%) of the 129 identified factors never associated with satisfaction with care and the remainder associated inconsistently. Conclusion: The number of potential modifiable communication factors associated with satisfaction with care and the magnitude of their association partially support interventions to train clinicians in communication skills that value patient autonomy. [Oliveira VC, Refshauge KM, Ferreira ML, Pinto RZ, Beckenkamp PR, Negrao Filho RF, Ferreira PH (2012) Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy 58: 215-229]

Concentrações séricas de progesterona e metabólitos lipídicos em cabras mestiças alimentadas com dietas hiperlipídicas durante o ciclo estral

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo comparativo do desempenho de rebolos com grãos superabrasivos e convencionais

Grinding is a precision machining process which is widely used in the manufacture of components requiring fine tolerances and smooth surfaces. There are several imput parameters (cutting conditions, cutting fluid and grinding wheel type used, dressing conditions etc.) which can affect the process variables (tangential and normal cutting forces, roughness, grinding temperatures, G ratio, etc.) leading to differences in the roughness, in the surface integrity and in the mechanical strength of the ground component. Consequently, the imput parameters must be controlled in order to insure the workpiece final quality. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of the performance of two types of grinding wheels [a conventional (Al2O3) and a superabrasive (CBN)] when grinding a VC131 steel, by the analysis of specific process variables when varying the cutting conditions. Highest values of G ratio and lowest workpiece roughness was observed when using CBN grinding wheels. This confirms the global trend of replacement of alumina grinding wheels by CBN, when grinding DTG (difficult to grind) materials.

Estudo comparativo dos efeitos hemodinâmicos e ventilatórios da ventilação controlada a volume ou a pressão, em cães submetidos ao pneumoperitônio

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) is available in anesthesia machines, but there are no studies on its use during CO 2 pneumoperitoneum (CPP). This study aimed at evaluating pressure-controlled ventilation and hemodynamic and ventilatory changes during CPP, as compared to conventional volume controlled ventilation (VCV). METHODS: This study involved 16 dogs anesthetized with thiopental, fentanyl and pancuronium, which were randomly assigned to two groups: VC - volume controlled ventilation (n=8) and PC - pressure controlled ventilation (n=8). Hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters were monitored and recorded in 4 moments: M1 (before CPP), M2 (30 minutes after CPP = 10 mmHg), M3 (30 minutes after CPP=15 mmHg) and M4 (30 minutes after deflation). RESULTS: With CPP, there has been significant increase in tidal volume in PC group; there has been increase in airway pressures (peak and plateau), decrease in compliance with increase in CPP pressure, increase in heart rate, maintenance of mean blood pressure with higher values in the VC group in all stages; there was also increase in right atrium pressure with significant decrease after deflation, decrease in arterial pH with minor variations in PC group, greater arterial pCO 2 stability in PC group, and no significant changes in arterial pO 2. CONCLUSIONS: There were some differences in hemodynamic and ventilatory data between both ventilation control modes (VC and PC). It is possible to use pressure controlled ventilation during CPP, but the anesthesiologist must monitor and take a close look at alveolar ventilation, adjusting inspiratory pressure to ensure proper CO 2 elimination and oxygenation. © Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia, 2005.

Central nitric oxide modulates hindquarter vasodilation elicited by AMPA receptor stimulation in the NTS of conscious rats

Microinjection of S-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of conscious rats causes hypertension, bradycardia, and vasoconstriction in the renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter vascular beds. In the hindquarter, the initial vasoconstriction is followed by vasodilation with AMPA doses >5 pmol/100 nl. To test the hypothesis that this vasodilation is caused by activation of a nitroxidergic pathway in the NTS, we examined the effect of pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 nmol/100 nl, microinjected into the NTS) on changes in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and regional vascular conductance (VC) induced by microinjection of AMPA (10 pmol/100 nl in the NTS) in conscious rats. AMPA increased hindquarter VC by 18 ± 4%, but after pretreatment with L-NAME, AMPA reduced hindquarter VC by 16 ± 7% and 17 ± 9% (5 and 15 min after pretreatment, P < 0.05 compared with before pretreatment). Pretreatment with L-NAME reduced AMPA-induced bradycardia from 122 ± 40 to 92 ± 32 beats/min but did not alter the hypertension induced by AMPA (35 ± 5 mmHg before pretreatment, 43 ± 6 mmHg after pretreatment). Control injections with D-NAME did not affect resting values or the response to AMPA. The present study shows that stimulation of AMPA receptors in the NTS activates both vasodilatatory and vasoconstrictor mechanisms and that the vasodilatatory mechanism depends on production of nitric oxide in the NTS. Copyright © 2006 the American Physiological Society.

Turning of compacted graphite iron using commercial tiN coated Si 3N4 under dry machining conditions

Due to their high hardness and wear resistance Si3N4 based ceramics are one of the most suitable cutting tool materials for machining hardened materials. Therefore, their high degree of brittleness usually leads to inconsistent results and sudden catastrophic failures. Improvement of the functional properties these tools and reduction of the ecological threats may be accomplished by employing the technology of putting down hard coatings on tools in the state-of-the-art PVD processes, mostly by improvement of the tribological contact conditions in the cutting zone and by eliminating the cutting fluids. However in this paper was used a Si3N4 based cutting tool commercial with a layer TiN coating. In this investigation, the performance of TiN coating was assessed on turning used to machine an automotive grade compacted graphite iron. As part of the study were used to characterise the performance of cutting tool, flank wear, temperature and roughness. The results showed that the layer TiN coating failed to dry compacted graphite iron under aggressive machining conditions. However, using the measurement of flank wear technique, the average tool life of was increased by VC=160 m/min.The latter was also observed using a toolmakers microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Aprovechar el auge exportador de productos básicos evitando la enfermedad holandesa

Incluye Bibliografía

Innovation and technology policy (ITP) for catching up: a three phase life cycle framework for industrializing economies

Includes bibliography