In vitro anti-Candida activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

The severity and frequency of opportunistic fungal infections still growing, concomitantly to the increasing rates of antimicrobial drugs resistance. Natural matrices have been used over years due to its multitude of health benefits, including antifungal potential. Thus, the present work aims to evaluate the anti-Candida potential of the phenolic extract and individual phenolic compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice), by disc diffusion assay, followed by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) for both planktonic cells and biofilms. Licorice extract evidenced inhibitory potential against the nineteen tested Candida strains, but no pronounced effect was observed by testing the most abundant individual phenolic compounds. Candida tropicalis strains were the most sensible, followed by Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and, then, Candida albicans. Lower MIC and MFC values were achieved to C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, which confirms its susceptibility to licorice extract; however, for C. tropicalis strains a higher variability was observed. Anti-biofilm potential was also achieved, being most evident in some C. glabrata and C. tropicalis strains. In general, a twice concentration of the MIC was necessary for planktonic cells to obtain a similar potential to that one observed for biofilms. Thus, an upcoming approach for new antifungal agents, more effective and safer than the current ones, is stablished; notwithstanding, further studies are necessary in order to understand its mechanism of action, as also to assess kinetic parameters.

Processamento e caracterização mecânica e metalográfica de compósitos adiamantados à base de cobre-níquel obtidos por hot pressing

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Materiais

Evaluation of the morphological and physical characteristics of plumes from chicken feathers

This work presents a study on the properties of chicken plumes from the poultry industry, namely feathers. Studies conducted include length, diameter and weight of chicken feathers to 42 days old. Initial results indicate that the central and lower feather areas present very interesting properties and characteristics turning these materials suitable for various applications, including in clothing, thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings, cimenticious and polymeric matrices reinforcements, among others.

Produção e caracterização de filmes finos nanocompósitos de Au-Ag dispersos numa matriz dielétrica, com efeito de ressonância de plasmão de superfície localizado

Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia de Materiais

In vivo antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds: facts and gaps

Background: Numerous diseases have been related with free radicals overproduction and oxidative stress. Botanical preparations possess a multitude of bioactive properties, including antioxidant potential, which has been mainly related with the presence of phenolic compounds. However, the mechanisms of action of these phytochemicals, in vivo effects, bioavailability and bio-efficacy still need research. Scope and Approach: The present report aims to provide a critical review on the aspects related with the in vivo antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts and compounds from plant origin. Key findings: Biological functions beyond the human metabolism were discussed, comparing in vivo vs. in vitro studies, as also focusing the conditioning factors for phenolic compounds bioavailability and bio-efficacy. Furthermore, an upcoming perspective about the use of phytochemicals as life expectancy promoters and anti-aging factors in human individuals was provided. Conclusions: Overall, and despite all of those advances, the study of the biological potential of numerous natural matrices still remains a hot topic among the scientific community. In fact, the available knowledge about the responsible phytochemicals for the biological potential, their mechanisms of action, the establishment of therapeutic and prophylactic doses, and even the occurrence of biochemical inter-relations, is considerable scarce.

Thin films composed of Ag nanoclusters dispersed in TiO2: Influence of composition and thermal annealing on the microstructure and physical responses

Noble metal powders containing gold and silver have been used for many centuries, providing different colours in the windows of the medieval cathedrals and in ancient Roman glasses. Nowadays, the interest in nanocomposite materials containing noble nanoparticles embedded in dielectric matrices is related with their potential use for a wide range of advanced technological applications. They have been proposed for environmental and biological sensing, tailoring colour of functional coatings, or for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Most of these applications rely on the so-called localised surface plasmon resonance absorption, which is governed by the type of the noble metal nanoparticles, their distribution, size and shape and as well as of the dielectric characteristics of the host matrix. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the composition and thermal annealing on the morphological and structural changes of thin films composed of Ag metal clusters embedded in a dielectric TiO2 matrix. Since changes in size, shape and distribution of the clusters are fundamental parameters for tailoring the properties of plasmonic materials, a set of films with different Ag concentrations was prepared. The optical properties and the thermal behaviour of the films were correlated with the structural and morphological changes promoted by annealing. The films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and in order to promote the clustering of the Ag nanoparticles the as-deposited samples were subjected to an in-air annealing protocol. It was demonstrated that the clustering of metallic Ag affects the optical response spectrum and the thermal behaviour of the films.

Aromatic amines sources, environmental impact and remediation

Aromatic amines are widely used industrial chemicals as their major sources in the environment include several chemical industry sectors such as oil refining, synthetic polymers, dyes, adhesives, rubbers, perfume, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and explosives. They result also from diesel exhaust, combustion of wood chips and rubber and tobacco smoke. Some types of aromatic amines are generated during cooking, special grilled meat and fish, as well. The intensive use and production of these compounds explains its occurrence in the environment such as in air, water and soil, thereby creating a potential for human exposure. Since aromatic amines are potential carcinogenic and toxic agents, they constitute an important class of environmental pollutants of enormous concern, which efficient removal is a crucial task for researchers, so several methods have been investigated and applied. In this chapter the types and general properties of aromatic amine compounds are reviewed. As aromatic amines are continuously entering the environment from various sources and have been designated as high priority pollutants, their presence in the environment must be monitored at concentration levels lower than 30 mg L1, compatible with the limits allowed by the regulations. Consequently, most relevant analytical methods to detect the aromatic amines composition in environmental matrices, and for monitoring their degradation, are essential and will be presented. Those include Spectroscopy, namely UV/visible and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); Chromatography, in particular Thin Layer (TLC), High Performance Liquid (HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC); Capillary electrophoresis (CE); Mass spectrometry (MS) and combination of different methods including GC-MS, HPLC-MS and CE-MS. Choosing the best methods depend on their availability, costs, detection limit and sample concentration, which sometimes need to be concentrate or pretreated. However, combined methods may give more complete results based on the complementary information. The environmental impact, toxicity and carcinogenicity of many aromatic amines have been reported and are emphasized in this chapter too. Lately, the conventional aromatic amines degradation and the alternative biodegradation processes are highlighted. Parameters affecting biodegradation, role of different electron acceptors in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation and kinetics are discussed. Conventional processes including extraction, adsorption onto activated carbon, chemical oxidation, advanced oxidation, electrochemical techniques and irradiation suffer from drawbacks including high costs, formation of hazardous by-products and low efficiency. Biological processes, taking advantage of the naturally processes occurring in environment, have been developed and tested, proved as an economic, energy efficient and environmentally feasible alternative. Aerobic biodegradation is one of the most promising techniques for aromatic amines remediation, but has the drawback of aromatic amines autooxidation once they are exposed to oxygen, instead of their degradation. Higher costs, especially due to power consumption for aeration, can also limit its application. Anaerobic degradation technology is the novel path for treatment of a wide variety of aromatic amines, including industrial wastewater, and will be discussed. However, some are difficult to degrade under anaerobic conditions and, thus, other electron acceptors such as nitrate, iron, sulphate, manganese and carbonate have, alternatively, been tested.

Persistent organic chemicals of emerging environmental concern

The use of chemicals and chemical derivatives in agriculture and industry has contributed to their accumulation and persistence in the environment. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are among the environmental pollutants of most concern since, when improperly handled and disposed, they can persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and may create serious public health and environmental problems. Development of an effective degradation process has become an area of intense research. The physical/chemical methods employed, such as volatilization, evaporation, photooxidation, adsorption, or hydrolysis, are not always effective, are very expensive, and, sometimes, lead to generation/disposal of other contaminants. Biodegradation is one of the major mechanisms by which organic contaminants are transformed, immobilized, or mineralized in the environment. A clear understanding of the major processes that affect the interactions between organic contaminants, microorganisms, and environmental matrix is, thus, important for determining persistence of the compounds, for predicting in situ transformation rates, and for developing site remediation. Information on their risks and impact and occurrence in the different environmental matrices is also important, in order to attenuate their impact and apply the appropriate remediation process. This chapter provides information on the fate of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their impact, bioavailability, and biodegradation. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014.

Análise de fragmentos arqueológicos: um diálogo entre a Química, Biologia e Arqueologia

Dissertação de mestrado em Técnicas de Caracterização e Análise Química

Determinação de psicofármacos em cabelo humano por técnicas cromatográficas hifenadas: um método alternativo não-invasivo

Dissertação de mestrado em Técnicas de Caracterização e Análise Química

Implementação e validação de um método analítico para a determinação de sucralose (E955) em refrigerantes e cervejas por HPLC-ELSD

Dissertação de mestrado em Técnicas de Caraterização e Análise Química

Compositional analysis of biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food sources

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb. 2016.00390

La construcción política de la (des)igualdad en las políticas públicas de la provincia de Córdoba

El proyecto pretende analizar la definición de políticas públicas sobre pobreza y ambiente como instancias de visibilización de posiciones y discursividades en conflicto sobre la (des)igualdad. Asimismo pretende entender la formulación de políticas públicas como instancias en que los Estados institucionalizan una definición sobre la (des)igualdad que muchas veces, paradójicamente, resulta en la instauración de exclusiones y el fortalecimiento de regímenes de dominación. Entre las diversas hipótesis que guían el proyecto la más abarcativa sostiene que las decisiones, los modos y campos de intervención definidos en la política pública constituyen en sí mismos un espacio discursivo en el que se establecen definiciones y plasman matrices ideológicas respecto de la (des) igualdad. Pues a partir de ellos se visibilizan operaciones específicas de inclusión/exclusión, igualdad/desigualdad, prohibición/habilitación, etc; se identifican y caracterizan sujetos; así como también un determinado orden normativo de relaciones y prácticas. No obstante encontrarse legalmente instituida la igualdad como principio subyacente a todo el ordenamiento de derechos, en la práctica las desigualdades se hacen patentes. Éstas son especialmente relevantes en tres áreas de políticas públicas: el trabajo, el hábitat y la vivienda, y la cuestión ambiental en relación a la disposición de los recursos naturales. Consecuentemente, se propone: 1. analizar el dispositivo de regulación tal como se materializa en las decisiones, leyes y políticas públicas del Estado Provincial; 2. Esclarecer las disputas y/o articulaciones de orientaciones y prácticas de distintos ámbitos institucionales –expresamente referimos al conjunto de actores que se activan y pujan frente al contenido y carácter de las decisiones públicas; 3. estudiar las prácticas de resistencia frente a las regulaciones instituidas.

La construcción política de la desigualdad: Pobreza y Sexualidad en las políticas públicas de la Provincia de Córdoba

El proyecto pretende analizar la definición de políticas públicas sobre pobreza y ambiente como instancias de visibilización de posiciones y discursividades en conflicto sobre la (des)igualdad. Asimismo pretende entender la formulación de políticas públicas como instancias en que los Estados institucionalizan una definición sobre la (des)igualdad que muchas veces, paradójicamente, resulta en la instauración de exclusiones y el fortalecimiento de regímenes de dominación. Entre las diversas hipótesis que guían el proyecto la más abarcativa sostiene que las decisiones, los modos y campos de intervención definidos en la política pública constituyen en sí mismos un espacio discursivo en el que se establecen definiciones y plasman matrices ideológicas respecto de la (des)igualdad. Pues a partir de ellos se visibilizan operaciones específicas de inclusión/exclusión, igualdad/desigualdad, prohibición/habilitación, etc.; se identifican y caracterizan sujetos; así como también un determinado orden normativo de relaciones y prácticas. No obstante encontrarse legalmente instituida la igualdad como principio subyacente a todo el ordenamiento de derechos, en la práctica las desigualdades se hacen patentes. Éstas son especialmente relevantes en tres áreas de políticas públicas: el trabajo, el hábitat y sexualidad. Consecuentemente, se propone: 1. analizar el dispositivo de regulación tal como se materializa en las decisiones, leyes y políticas públicas del Estado Provincial; 2. Esclarecer las disputas y/o articulaciones de orientaciones y prácticas de distintos ámbitos institucionales –expresamente referimos al conjunto de actores que se activan y pujan frente al contenido y carácter de las decisiones públicas; 3. estudiar las prácticas de resistencia frente a las regulaciones instituidas.

Desarrollo de metodología e instrumentación para el análisis de compuestos de interés biológico en sistemas de flujo continuo

La cromatogafía líquida de alta perfomance (HPLC) se ha transformado en una de las herramientas analíticas preferidas en el ámbito académico, tecnológico e industrial. Aunque la técnica data de fin de la década del ´60, no ha sido hasta mediado de los años '70 que la misma ganó popularidad, fundamentalmente por los avances logrados en la reproducibilidad de la fabricación de fases estacionarias, mejores bombas de alta presión y el desarrollo de detectores más sensibles. La cromatografía líquida de alta performance es en la actualidad una técnica de gran utilidad en la química clínica y en la bioquímica. Esta técnica resulta muy útil para el análisis de compuestos a nivel de trazas dentro de las complejas matrices biológicas. El objetivo principal del presente proyecto es realizar investigaciones en el área de la Química Analítica, específicamente química bioanalítica, a fin de desarrollar metodologías y detectores electroquímicos altamente sensibles y selectivos para el análisis de compuestos de interés biológico mediante cromatografía líquida de alta presión. El proyecto comprende tres líneas íntimamente relacionadas: A) Análisis de metabolitos de catecolaminas por HPLC con apareamiento iónico, en orina de ratas cuyas madres han sido sometidas a estrés por inmovilización; esto permitirá correlacionar el efecto del estrés prenatal en los niveles de catecolaminas presentes en las crías. Esta línea está comprendida en un objetivo más amplio que es correlacionar el efecto del estrés prenatal sobre la madurez sexual de las crías. B) Análisis de antibióticos del grupo de las fluoroquinolonas mediante técnicas electroquímicas y de HPLC. Se pretenden elucidar los procesos de electrodo que ocurren durante la electrorreducción de antibióticos del grupo de las fluoroquinolonas, para de esta manera desarrollar detectores electroquímicos para sistemas de flujo continuo. C) Desarrollo de un micropotenciostato computarizado para la detección en sistemas de flujo continuo. (...) También se pretende implementar el uso de un microelectrodo anular desarrollado en la Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica.