Inflexibilidade Psicológica

O presente trabalho, destinou-se à validação do Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth - AFQ- Y( Greco, Baer, & Lambert, 2008), traduzido por Questionário de Evitamento Experiencial e Fusão Cognitiva para Adolescentes. Isto porque, na prática clínica, se verifica uma escassez de instrumentos de auto-resposta que avaliam estes contructos, caracterizadores da inflexibilidade psicológica. A amostra do nosso estudo consiste em 461 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, a frequentar o 3º ciclo do ensino básio e ensino secundário de escolas situadas em meio rural e urbano. Para além do citado instrumento a validar, os jovens preencheram também outras medidas de sintomas psicopatológicos e de percepção do seu auto-conceito social; nomeadamente, o Inventário Depressivo para Crianças (CDI; Kovacs, 1985), a Escala Revista de Ansiedade Manifesta para Crianças (RCMAS; Reynolds & Richmond, 1978) e a Escala de Comparação Social (SCS; Allan, & Gilbert, 1995), bem como uma medida de um construto semelhante referente à aceitação e mindfulness em crianças(CAMM; Greco, Baer & Lambert, 2008). Os resultados obtidos mostram que o questionário possui uma boa consistência interna, uma adequada estabilidade temporal, assim como uma boa validade. Sugerem ainda tratar-se de uma escala unidimensional. Estes dados permitem o avanço da psicologia, no que diz respeito à prática clínica com adolescentes, nomeadamente no domínio das chamadas terapias de terceira geração em Portugal. São apresentados e discutidos os dados normativos para a população portuguesa. Não obstante às limitações apontadas, os resultados sugerem que o AFQ-Y é um questionário útil na avaliação da inflexibilidade psicológica em adolescentes. /

Evaluation of a Brief Intervention to Assist Health Visitors and Community Practitioners to Engage with Fathers as Part of the Healthy Child Initiative

Aims: To improve engagement of Health Visitors and Community Practitioners delivering the Healthy Child Programme with fathers. To evaluate a one-day, father-focused workshop with a supporting handbook for Practitioners. To identify institutional and organisational barriers to engagement with fathers. Background: The UK government policy encourages health professionals to engage with fathers. This derives from robust evidence that fathers’ early involvement with their children impacts positively on emotional, behavioural and educational development. Yet, there is little evidence that the importance of engaging fathers is reflected in Health Visitor training or that primary-care services are wholly embracing father-inclusive practice. The Fatherhood Institute (FI), a UK charity, has developed a workshop for Practitioners delivering the Healthy Child Programme. Method: A ‘before and after’ evaluation study, comprising a survey followed by telephone interviews, evaluated the impact of the FI workshop on Health Visitors’ and Community Practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in practice. A total of 134 Health Visitors and Community Practitioners from eight NHS Trusts in England attended the workshop from November 2011 to January 2014 at 12 sites. A specially constructed survey, incorporating a validated questionnaire, was administered before the workshop, immediately afterwards and three months later. Telephone interviews further explored participants’ responses. Findings: Analysis of the questionnaire data showed that the workshop and handbook improved participants’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in practice. This was sustained over a three-month period. In telephone interviews, most participants said that the workshop had raised their awareness of engaging fathers and offered them helpful strategies. However, they also spoke of barriers to engagement with fathers. NHS Trusts need to review the training and education of Health Visitors and Community Practitioners and take a more strategic approach towards father-inclusive practice and extend services to meet the needs of fathers.

Talking everyday science to very young children: a study involving parents and practitioners within an early childhood centre

The acquisition of everyday scientific concepts by 3-6 year old children attending early childhood institutions has been widely studied. In contrast, research on science learning processes among younger children is less extensive. This paper reports on findings from an exploratory empirical study undertaken in a ‘stay and play’ service used by parents with children aged 0-3 and located within an East London early childhood centre. The research team collaborated with practitioners to deliver a programme of activities aimed at encouraging parents’ confidence in their own ability to support emergent scientific thinking among their young children. The programme generated children’s engagement and interest. Parents and practitioners reported increased confidence in their ability to promote young children’s natural curiosity at home and in early childhood provision. The authors see no reason for positing qualitative differences between the way children acquire scientific and other concepts in their earliest years.

Home Literacy Activities in Latino Immigrant Families: Contributions to Toddlers’ Expressive and Receptive Language Skills

The development of language is a critical component of early childhood, enabling children to communicate their wishes and desires, share thoughts, and build meaning through linguistic interactions with others. A wealth of research has highlighted the importance of children’s early home experiences in fostering language development. This literature emphasizes the importance of a stimulating and supportive home environment in which children are engaged in literacy activities such as reading, telling stories, or singing songs with their parents. This study examined the association between low-income Latino immigrant mothers’ and fathers’ home literacy activities and their children’s receptive and expressive language skills. It also examined the moderating influence of maternal (i.e., reading quality and language quality) and child (engagement during reading, interest in literacy activities) characteristics on this association. This study included observational mother-child reading interactions, child expressive and receptive language assessments, and mother- and father-reported survey data. Controlling for parental education, multiple regression analyses revealed a positive association between home literacy activities and children’s receptive and expressive language skills. The findings also revealed that mothers’ reading quality and children’s engagement during reading (for expressive language skills only) moderated this association. Findings from this study will help inform new interventions, programs, and policies that build on Latino families’ strengths.

Matkakohteesta historian kaupungiksi – Historian ja matkakirjoittamisen suhde historioitsija John Andrewsin grand tour -oppaan Letters to a Young Gentleman, on His Setting out for France (1784) Pariisi-osuuksissa

Työni kohteena on ollut historiankirjoittaja John Andrewsin (n.1736–1809) grand tour -opas Letters to a Young Gentleman, on His Setting out for France (1784). Tutkielmassa olen tarkastellut sitä, millaiseen suhteeseen historia ja matkakirjoittaminen ovat teoksen Pariisi-osuuksissa asettuneet. Ilmiötä olen lähestynyt hyödyntämällä niin kutsuttua reframingin käsitettä, jolla historiantutkimuksessa on jäsennetty ajatusten kehystymistä eri konteksteissa – siis niille annettujen merkitysten muuttumista. Tämä käsite on mahdollistanut sellaisen tarkastelun, jossa huomio on kohdistunut historian oppaassa saamiin käyttöihin sekä sen merkitysten muotoutumiseen. Andrewsin oppaasta voi erottaa kaksi pistettä, joissa historia ja matkakirjoittaminen ovat kietoutuneet toisiinsa. Pisteistä ensimmäinen on kytkeytynyt nähtävyyksien kohtaamiseen, kun taas niistä jälkimmäinen on liittynyt Pariisin kulttuurisen aseman määrittelemiseen. Andrewsille historia onkin näyttäytynyt eräänlaisena välineenä, joka on paitsi ohjannut myös perustellut nähtävyyksien tarkastelemista. Samalla historia on jäsentänyt kaupungin suhdetta Ranskaan, Eurooppaan ja kristikuntaan – sekä muihin kansoihin ja eri kirkkokuntiin. Nämä pisteet eivät kuitenkaan ole jääneet irrallisiksi, sillä molemmissa yhteyksissä uskonnolliset erot ovat saaneet merkittävän sijan. Yhtäältä historia on tukenut näihin eroihin perustuneita vertailuasetelmia; toisaalta erot ovat muokanneet Andrewsin suhdetta nähtävyyksiin sekä niiden historiallisuuteen. Reframingin käsitteeseen perustuva erittely on osoittanut sen, että Andrewsin oppaassa historia ei ole ollut vain matkakirjoittamisen aihepiiri. Tekstissä historia onkin saanut myös toisenlaisia käyttöjä, minkä voi liittää matkakirjallisuuden konventioihin sekä aikakauden grand tour -keskusteluihin. Kyse on siitä, että Andrewsin matkakirjoittamista ovat ohjanneet lajityypin genrepiirteet sekä teoksen oletettu yleisö – siis grand tourille aikovat nuorukaiset. Nämä keskustelut ja konventiot ovat tarjonneet Andrewsille eräänlaisen kehyksen, joka on säädellyt hänen tekemiään valintoja. Samalla se on jäsentänyt historian oppaassa saamia merkityksiä.

Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária

Presentemente, a nossa sociedade sofre alterações diárias para as quais é exigido, aos enfermeiros, um elevado nível de qualificações que permitam dar resposta às necessidades e determinantes de saúde de cada comunidade. Assim, cabe cada vez mais aos enfermeiros enfatizar práticas conducentes a estilos de vida saudáveis, através da Promoção da Saúde, com o objetivo da obtenção de ganhos em saúde. Muitas doenças da idade adulta têm o seu início na adolescência, devido a hábitos de vida e à adoção de comportamentos de risco. É neste grupo etário, de grande vulnerabilidade, que deve incidir o papel da Educação para a Saúde, de forma a capacitar os adolescentes para opções saudáveis. O presente Relatório reflete o desenvolvimento do Estágio na área de Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária e as competências adquiridas neste percurso. O Estágio decorreu no período de 16 de setembro de 2013 a 31 de janeiro de 2014 (2º Ano – 1º semestre), na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, em Portalegre. Com base na Metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde, toda a intervenção foi dirigida para os problemas identificados através do Diagnóstico de Situação de Saúde. Assim, o Estágio teve como intervenção a Promoção de Hábitos de Vida Saudáveis dos Adolescentes do 8º e 9º Ano, da respetiva Escola. Dada a aplicabilidade da Teoria da Aprendizagem Social de Bandura na Promoção da Saúde, as sessões de Educação para a Saúde sustentaram-se nesta teoria com o intuito de capacitar os jovens para agirem de forma correta e consciente. O Estágio de intervenção comunitária foi enriquecedor do ponto de vista da diversidade de experiências que proporcionou, permitindo a aquisição das competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros

La relation d’accompagnement entre des jeunes pères et des infirmières dans les SIPPE : une analyse sensible au genre

La pratique infirmière en contexte de parentalité précoce et de vulnérabilité sociale auprès de mères âgées de moins de 20 ans et leurs bébés comporte des défis pour les infirmières qui éprouvent des difficultés à établir des liens avec les jeunes pères. Leur pratique d’accompagnement est orientée principalement vers la dyade mère-enfant, tandis qu’elles se sentent peu outillées pour accompagner les jeunes pères dans leur rôle paternel. Des études récentes suggèrent de considérer le genre dans la compréhension de l’espace relationnel entre des pères et des infirmières, notamment dans des services de première ligne. Cette étude a pour but de décrire, selon une perspective sensible au genre, les représentations identitaires qui configurent la relation d’accompagnement entre des jeunes pères et des infirmières dans le cadre des Services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE). Partant d’une recherche évaluative multicentrique du Programme de soutien aux jeunes parents (PSJP) des SIPPE, cette recherche qualitative interprétative présente une analyse secondaire de 34 entretiens semi-dirigés complétés auprès de jeunes pères et d’infirmières. L’analyse croisée du discours des participants et la modélisation systémique ont permis de représenter des conceptions identitaires et des dynamiques contextuelles qui composent la relation d’accompagnement entre des jeunes pères et des infirmières dans le PSJP/SIPPE. Cette relation prend principalement forme autour de l’échange d’informations axées sur les soins de l’enfant. De plus, elle est marquée par des représentations différenciées de l’identité parentale du jeune père (père présent et soignant vs père peu compétent), de son engagement dans les responsabilités afférentes à son rôle et par une dynamique de vigie-surveillance exercée par les infirmières. Cette relation peut se transformer à travers le temps, où le père conçu responsable et protecteur devient un allié pour l’infirmière, tout en demeurant sous surveillance. Parmi les contributions de cette recherche, nous signalons l’importance du soutien émotionnel en plus du soutien informationnel pour les pères qu’il importe de considérer à part entière dans l’accompagnement auprès de familles vivant en situation de vulnérabilité sociale. Enfin, cette recherche souligne la pertinence d’une perspective sensible au genre pour concevoir l’espace relationnel du soin et développer la pratique infirmière d’accompagnement.