An interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 3954 and red complex periodontopathogens independently and additively modulate the levels of IL-1 beta in diseased periodontal tissues

Inflammatory cytokines such as interieukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. A high individual variation in the levels of IL-10 mRNA has been verified, which is possibly determined by genetic polymorphisms and/or by the presence of periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this study, we investigated the role of an IL-10 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 3954 [IL-1 beta(3954) SNP] and the presence of the periodontopathogens in the determination of the IL-1 beta levels in the periodontal tissues of nonsmoking chronic periodontitis (CP) patients (n = 117) and control (C) subjects in = 175) and the possible correlations with the clinical parameters of the disease. IL-1 beta(3954) SNP was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism, while the IL-1 beta levels and the presence of the periodontopathogens were determined by real-time PCR. Similar frequencies of IL-1 beta(3954) SNP were found in the C and CP groups, in spite of a trend toward a higher incidence of T alleles in the CP group. The IL-1 beta (3954) SNP CT and TT genotypes, as well as P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola, were associated with higher IL-1 beta levels and with higher values of the clinical parameters of disease severity. Concomitant analyses demonstrate that IL-1 beta(3954) and the red complex periodontopathogens were found to independently and additively modulate the levels of IL-1 beta in periodontal tissues. Similarly, the concurrent presence of both factors was associated with increased scores of disease severity. IL-1 beta(3954) genotypes and red complex periodontopathogens, individually and additively, modulate the levels of IL-1 beta in the diseased tissues of nonsmoking CP patients and, consequently, are potentially involved in the determination of the disease outcome.

Driving forces in substitution reactions of octahedral complexes: The influence of the competitive effect

The reaction of cis-[RuCl(2)(P-P)(N-N)] type complexes (P-P = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane or (1,1`-diphenylphosphino)ferrocene; N-N = 2,2`-bipyridine or 1,10-phenantroline) with monodentate ligands (L), such as 4-methylpyridine, 4-phenylpyridine and benzonitrile forms [RuCl(L)(P-P)(N-N)](+) species Upon characterization of the isolated compounds by elemental analysis, (31)P{(1)H} NMR and X-ray crystallography it was found out that the type of the L ligand determines its position in relation to the phosphorus atom. While pyridine derivatives like 4-methylpyridine and 4-phenylpyridine coordinate trans to the phosphorus atom, the benzonitrile ligand (bzCN), a good pi acceptor, coordinates trans to the nitrogen atom. A (31)P{(1)H} NMR experiment following the reaction of the precursor cis-[RuCl(2)(dppb)(phen)] with the benzonitrile ligand shows that the final position of the entering ligand in the complex is better defined as a consequence of the competitive effect between the phosphorus atom and the cyano-group from the benzonitrile moiety and not by the trans effect. In this case, the benzonitrile group is stabilized trans to one of the nitrogen atoms of the N-N ligand. A differential pulse voltammetry experiment confirms this statement. In both experiments the [RuCl(bzCN)(dppb)(phen)]PF(6) species with the bzCN ligand positioned trans to a phosphorus atom of the dppb ligand was detected as an intermediate complex. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The position of the Amazonian Craton in supercontinents

This paper examines the extensive regions of Proterozoic accretionary belts that either formed most of the Amazonian Craton, or are marginal to its southeastern border. Their overall geodynamic significance is considered taking into account the paleogeographic reconstruction of Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana. Amazonia would be part of Columbia together With Laurentia, North China and Baltica, forming a continuous, continental landmass linked by the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic mobile belts that constitute large portions of it. The Rodinia supercontinent was formed in the Mesoproterozoic by the agglutination of the existing cratonic fragments, such as Laurentia and Amazonia, during contemporary continental collisions worldwide. The available paleomagnetic data suggest that Laurentia and Amazonia remained attached until at least 600 Ma. Since all other cratonic units Surrounding Laurentia have already rifted away by that time, the separation between Amazonia and Laurentia marks the final break-up of Rodinia with the opening of the lapetus ocean. (C) 2009 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A criterion for unitary similarity of upper triangular matrices in general position

Each square complex matrix is unitarily similar to an upper triangular matrix with diagonal entries in any prescribed order. Let A = [a(ij)] and B = [b(ij)] be upper triangular n x n matrices that are not similar to direct sums of square matrices of smaller sizes, or are in general position and have the same main diagonal. We prove that A and B are unitarily similar if and only if parallel to h(A(k))parallel to = parallel to h(B(k))parallel to for all h is an element of C vertical bar x vertical bar and k = 1, ..., n, where A(k) := [a(ij)](i.j=1)(k) and B(k) := [b(ij)](i.j=1)(k) are the leading principal k x k submatrices of A and B, and parallel to . parallel to is the Frobenius norm. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ether-Bond-Containing Ionic Liquids and the Relevance of the Ether Bond Position to Transport Properties

The ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethoxyethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [EtO-(CH(2))(2)MMI][Tf(2)N], and N-(ethoxyethyl)-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [EtO(CH(2))(2)MMor][Tf(2)N] were synthesized, and relevant properties, such as thermal stability, density, viscosity, electrochemical behavior, ionic conductivity, and self-diffusion coefficients for both ionic species, were measured and compared with those of their alkyl counterparts, 1-n-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [BMMI][Tf(2)N], and N-n-butyl-N-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,[BMP][Tf(2)N] and N-n-butyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis(trilfuoromethanesulfonyl)imide [BMMor][Tf(2)N][. This comparison was done to evaluate the effects caused by the presence of the ether bond in either the side chain or in the organic cation ring. The salt, LiTf(2)N, was added to the systems to estimate IL behavior with regard to lithium cation transport. Pure [EtO(CH(2))(2)MMI][Tf(2)N] and their LiTf(2)N solutions showed low viscosity and the highest conductivity among the ILs studied. The H(R) (AC conductivity/NMR calculated conductivity ratio) values showed that, after addition of LiTf(2)N, ILs containing the ether bond seemed to have a greater number of charged species. Structural reasons could explain these high observed HR values for [EtO(CH(2))(2)MMor][Tf(2)N].

Solar position diagram

Program SOLVEJ är ett användarvänligt program som visar solens vandring över himlavalvet vid upp till fem valfria datum och vid valfri ort. Programmet är utvecklat av två skäl. För det första, att demonstreras för en intresserad allmänhet som del av vandringsutställning om solenergi, vilken är initierad och utarbetad av SERC. För det andra, att användas av solenerglintressenter för att snabbt få en uppfattning om solinstrålningen på en ort vid olika tidpunkter på året.Indata till programmet ges från tangentbordet. Som svar på frågor skrivs för vilken ort diagrammet skall gälla, max fem datum, ortens latitud och longitud, som anges positiv i västlig riktning, samt tidszonen. Varje uppgift avslutas med tryck på tangenten ENTER. Programmet kommer nu att rita ett koordinatsystem på skärmen. Första axeln visar vädersträcken, norr, öster, söder, väster och norr, varje delstreck utgör 10 grader. För södra halvklotet byter norr och söder plats. Andra axeln visar höjden över horisonten i grader, 0 till 90 grader och 10 grader för varje delstreck. Efter några sekunder ritas diagrammet upp med solhöjden som funktion av väderstrecket och varje hel timme markerad. Se fig. 1-4. Slutligen frågas efter om diagrammet skall ritas ut på printer. SOLVEJ avbrytes med att trycka CTRL+BREAK.SOLVEJ är skrivet i Quick-BASIC (se App. 1) och leveras både som källkod och körklar version. Lämplig dator är IBM-kompatibel AT med EGA- eller VGA-skärmkort (ej Herkules Lämplig printer är IBM Proprinter eller liknande matrisskrivare, kopplad till LPT1 på kommunikationskortet.Till grund för beräkningarna har använts artikeln On Calculating the Position of the Sun, publicerad i nr. 1 1988 av The International Journal of Ambient Energy. Fem empiriska ekvationer beträffande beräkningar av solens position har studerats för att undersöka deras tillförlitlighet. Felaktigheter på fem grader eller mer kan uppträda om man använder sig av de enkla ekvationer som kan hittas solenergi-böcker och som inte kräver tillgång till dator. FORTRAN-rutinen SUNAE2 (se App. 2) beräknar solpositionen med noggrannast kända metod. Program SOLVEJ är en utveckling av SUNAE2.

Barnfri : en stigmatiserad position

Childfree: a stigmatized position International research has addressed the subject but in Sweden voluntary childlessness has until now been overlooked. This article draws on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 21 Swedish childfree women. The interviews focused their decision not to have children and attitudes they faced due to their rejection of motherhood. They all had encountered pressure to conform to a pronatalistic norm, proclaiming parenthood to be self-evident in an adult normal life. The results highlight different strategies used by the women to avoid instigating the dislike of those around them. The article argues that understanding childfree as a stigmatized position helps providing new insights to what conditions the social relations between the childfree and ‘the normals’, i.e. persons who advocate having children. Further, viewing the childfree as a stigmatized group has theoretical implications that contribute to developing Goffman’s classical theory of social stigma.

After work : en longitudinell studie i arbetsmiljöns långsiktiga inverkan på sambandet mellan socioekonomisk position och äldres ohälsa

After Work. The long-term effects of work environment on the association between adult socioeconomic position and ill health among the elderly The aim of this study is to analyse the long-term effects of work environment on the association between adult socioeconomic position (SEP) and six ill health outcomes among the elderly. Data was drawn from the longitudinal Level of Living and the SWEOLD-surveys. The individuals are followed from 1968 to 1992 and from 1981 to 2002 and 2004, combining baseline information regarding SEP and work environment during the period of occupational activity with the ill health outcomes from the follow-up studies. Strongest effects where revealed when controlling for the physical work environment on the association between both measures of SEP and two of the ill health outcomes: musculoskeleta lpain and physical performance. The psychological work environment, however, explained very small parts of the associations. The results, even controlled for SEP, exposed strong direct relations between ill health and psychological work environment and rather strong relations to physical work environment. As socioeconomic position indicates a particular structural position within society it may determine the likelihood of health damaging exposures during the period of occupational activity. This study shows that the effect of work environment significantly affects ill health among the elderly. Hence, the results indicate the importance of taking measures in improving work environment during the labour-market participation period, especially since policy-makers attempt to convince workers to stay longer in the workforce.

Origens e aplicações de recursos das companhias abertas industriais e comerciais no período 1980-1985

This research had for objective to fammi1iarize the user of accounting information to an efficient instrument in the modern financiaI ana1izes of eva1uation of entities: the Statement of Sources and App1ication of Resources. This statement goes on, ti11 today, to be 1ess used by the financiaI ana1ists because it is not understood concerning its objectives, concepts of Resources and shares of to bui1d and disc10sure the statement. During the period of time between 1980 and 1985 the Brazi1's economy spent of a situation of recession to another of prosperity and growth. In the first four years of the historiaI series, the country had a recession period and it was kept unti1 the end of 1983: the national private company increased its debt degree and decreased its 1iquidity. After 1984 the economy began to grow and that was pushed by the export entities: the entities decreased its debt degree and increased its 1iquidity. The Statement of Sources and Uses of Resources has been bui1t and pub1ished in United States since the 1ast 50 years of nineteenth century, and it has been known as Statement of Funds. In Brazi1 it has just introducted after the Security Exchange Law in 1976 that put 1imits for obrigatority to disc10sure by the companies. This 1aw described, summari1y, the objective, cQII1position and manner to disc1osure. The ma in objective of the statement is to show the financiaI position of the entity. This objective envolves aspects relationed to the long-term's strategy of the company because it disclosure the policy of application of resources in long-term assets, the policy of dividends that has been used, and the structure of resources provided by long-t:erm financing, the resources of the operations, and so on. There are several means of Resources. The concept more used in Brazil is Working Capital, till for orientation of the law. Concepts as Cash and Equivalent-Cash and Net Realizable Assets can be more informatives to the users because they show informations with better complexity, including informations concerning to the short-term. Concerning to the building methods, there are three that are known: the Transations Analizing method, the T-Account method and the Work-Sheet method. AlI of them are efficient, but it's recomendable that the method used can be in accordance with the disclosured formato The statement, despite of others statements, fell \