De baixo para cima: implicações socioespaciais da transferência da feira livre na (re)produção do espaço urbano de Nova Cruz-RN (1991-2010)

The present work is about the reproduction of the urban area of Nova Cruz RN, with the objective of analyzing the social and spatial implications of the relocation of the main street market in the city from 1991 on. Nowadays, the city of Nova Cruz takes over importance in the potiguar social and spatial scenario due to its condition of central city which is practiced for decades in Potiguar Agreste Microregion. Beginning with its formation process connected with traveler‟s hostel which assisted the activity of cattle transportation, further in time by the golden era of cotton production in its territory, it was noticed that its importance in relation with the nearby towns has been happening differently throughout time. From the year 1991 on, the town of Nova Cruz has gone through a territory restructuring of its urban area due to the relocation of the open market from Downtown neighborhood to São Sebastião neighborhood. Such territorial movement resulted in a reformation of the town‟s urban space, promoting in both neighborhoods urban growth and the expansion of commercial activity associated with the migration of the commercial center of the city. The transference of the commercial area has caused these processes through the new uses of the land towards the São Sebastião region, it has also caused a decrease in market value of the downtown area as a result of the breakdown of previous existing business activities, their service contribution and the citizen migration, establishing a space and socioeconomic portrait in the neighborhood. From this context, our analysis seeks to understand the social and spatial impacts occurred in Downtown neighborhood, the way in which the production and reproduction of the urban space in São Sebastião neighborhood and the implications resulted from the actions of the administrative power in restructuring of the urban space of Nova Cruz. In order to do so, a bibliographical research was used to compose our theoretic-conceptual mark, discussing the matter with authors such as Roberto Lobato Corrêa, Ana Fani, Milton Santos, Manuel Castells e Heri Lefvbre, among others, discussing on the subject of urban analysis, the concepts of urban space and the process of reproduction of the urban space. A field research was utilized in our area of study by means of primary data gathering through interviews, questionnaire and photographic register. Secondary data gathering was also obtained by means of bibliographical and documental research related to our study object. By these means, it was sought to contribute to the understanding of the urban space through its production and reproduction based upon the discovery of social and spatial practices

O esgotamento sanitário e o uso do território em Natal/RN (1969 - 2009)

Natal é uma cidade bastante antiga, data desde o ano de 1599. Durante seus três primeiros séculos de existência ela praticamente não cresceu, porém teve um significativo aumento populacional e crescimento urbano na década de 1940, a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Nos últimos anos, Natal tem passado por um intenso processo de urbanização, que exigiu da cidade um acompanhamento na sua infraestrutura, principalmente por ser uma cidade turística; o que aumenta bastante a sua demanda. O esgotamento sanitário entra como um dos problemas que Natal tem que resolver. A cidade possui apenas cerca de 32% do seu território servido por um sistema de coleta de esgotos. O serviço de esgotamento sanitário é de extrema importância para a manutenção da saúde e da qualidade de vida da população, assim como os demais serviços que compõem o saneamento básico. Tal serviço tem sido um grande desafio para a população e para os administradores públicos. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar os impactos socioespaciais causados pelas diferentes formas de esgotamento sanitário existentes em Natal. Durante a elaboração deste trabalho, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo através de estudos documentais, visitas aos órgãos públicos, entrevistas, aplicação de formulários junto à população e observação direta. O embasamento teórico parte dos estudos de Milton Santos sobre território usado, adotando também, ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho, as contribuições de outros autores. O território usado foi escolhido como categoria de análise deste trabalho, por entendermos que as questões do esgotamento sanitário passam pelo uso do território, e este se dá pela sociedade como um todo

Dinâmica costeira entre as praias de Areia Preta e do Forte, Natal/RN

The coastal zone has been studied worldwide with a focus on the coastal erosion. In the present days, much of the world's coastlines are being affected by erosion, which causes great damage to the economy. This work had as study case the beaches of Areia Preta, Artistas, Meio and Forte located in Natal in Rio Grande do Norte. It shows as result the monitoring of the beach strip that makes possible to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, allows the study of the coastal dynamics of the beaches and the Recovery Project of the Areia Preta beach interference on adjacent beaches. This research was guided by the integrated analysis method on the systemic perspective. The pratical procedures adopted were: bibliographic research; fieldwork during eleven months (environmental characterization, collection of hydrodynamic data, topographic leveling, collection of sediments) and; sedimentological analysis of samples collected. By monitoring of the points A, B, C, D and E we were able to find the occurrence of the coastal erosion on their biggest part except by the C and D profiles. It was noted the need for the government to complete the hydraulic fill, as it made only 60% of the landfill planed. It was found that the spikes built on the beach of Areia Preta are preventing the natural transport of sediments that the longshore performs towards South-North. This interference is causing the lack of sediment on the beaches of Forte and Meio and their coastal erosion in consequence

A televisão e a (re)construção do imaginário : as telenovelas e sua ifluência socioespacial em Caicó-RN

Under the perspective of the Cultural Geografhy, this dissetation thoretically discusses about the socio-spatial interference that the Rede Globo's soapoperas have in the construction of the collective imagination of the people who lines in the city of Caicó - RN. Here the social and spatial impacts produced by Rede Globo's main fiction program, the soapoperas, on the collective imagination of the inhabitants of Caicó are the main interest. The main argument here is that this TV program has an anormons influence on the evereday life of the people who live in Caicó and this influence ends up modifying their social, spatial and cultural pratices. This influence has been also working as the main force producing a real spatial impact. In this sense "new spaces of dialogue" are constructed through the influence of television. The main understandig is then that the soapoperas, at least within the context of Caicó, are a great force constructing social and spatial collective imagination of this city's inhabitants.

Circuito espacial de produção de sal:o uso do território do município de Macau/RN pelas indústrias salineiras

The current work it is a research of the spatial circle of salt production and the uses implied by RN salt industry, specifically the city of Macau / RN. Part of the issue - how it gives the uses implied by the spatial distribution of salt in the current historical period, known by some geographers as technical-scientific-informational. The way taken to answer this research was through readings of researches already carried out, field research in government agencies, the use of photographs, questionnaires and interviews. The search for data on production salting, their handling and marketing was one of the methodology steps. The result of this research was the perception of the dynamic activity of salting and uses transmitted within the city of Macau / RN, and the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Para compreender a fluidez: os grandes sistemas de movimento viário em Natal/RN

The speed and fluidity are basic requirements for reproduction of big capitalism. Thus, the objects and their actions seek to meet these aspirations of hegemony. And among these objects, there is emphasis on the road systems of movement, made up of bridges, viaducts and tunnels, engineering works that cater to this nee increasingly evident in the current period technical-scientific-informational. So on this premise, it becomes apparent that these objects reflect the technical So on this premise, it becomes apparent that these objects reflect the technical space constitution of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, where the road systems of movement help to understand the process of fragmentation and and spatial segregation of Natal, accelerated in the late twentieth century. Using the analysis as a tool for urban legislation developed in the capital of RN by the municipal administration, this paper seeks to understand, through a matrix of periodization, as these systems move natalense shaped space and which exists for the hegemonic logic limit the formation and location of each of these systems move road, particularly as it concerns the relationship between these and the expansion of opportunities for certain fluidity between the road systems of movement (fixed), their flow

Ilha de Santana e Alto de Santa Rita: a produção do espaço a partir do turismo em Caicó e Santa Cruz - RN

Tourism is an activity that uses the spatial objects and also produces and because it creates an economic activity areas for leisure. So for this to occur itdoes need a space reorganized, with infrastructure to receive visitors. And in the process of construction / reconstruction of tourist destination the state comes as a precursor, creating public policies that tourism can develop. Thus, this paper examines the transformation process by which the spaces are aiming to become tourist, and what changes occur in socio-spatial dynamic of the city in which this activity is inserted. The spatial area of study refers to the Alto de Santa Rita, Santa Cruz and the Isla de Santana Tourist Complex in Caicó both in Rio Grande do Norte. The reconstruction of the Island de Santana did not occur randomly, in order that the spatial changes were performed to meet the demand for which Caicó had to perform his greatest social and religious event, the Feast of Santana, which occurs since its colonization in year 1748 and also the Carnival these two events being considered as a strong tourist attraction of the city. And the Santa Rita High was built in order to enter the city of Santa Cruz in the script of religious tourism of the state through the devotion of the patron. The Dissertation isstructured in five parts, the first refers to the introduction of the work, while the second examines how tourism wound to the Rio Grande do Norte and internalizesthe third part deals with the spaces for tourism in these cities, the the fourthidentifies as the symbolism of these spaces influence the transformation and the latter reveals how these spaces affect the socio-economic structure of cities across the events

Faixas de proteção ambiental do Rio Pitimbu/RN: uma análise como subsídio ao planejamento e ordenamento do território

The Environmental Protection area sof Pitimbu river are important tools for planning and territorial land management. The Pitimbu river protection is aided in laws, so much of Federal stamp, as the Brazilian s Forest Code (Law No. 4771/1965), and in State s and City s Resolutions. So, this research begins in the State s Law No. 8426/2003interpretations, for being the most restrictive in the river's margin occupation and management. The objective is to analyze the applicability of the Environmental Protection areas of Pitimbu river, localized at the State of Rio Grande do Norte, considering environmental legislation and how to use this space by the man. Having specific goals for the discussion of the legislation s scope to this river; the identification of the types of soil s covering and evaluation the effectiveness of Law Nº.8426/2003, as protection instrument and land management. The river is characterized by its ecological importance and for feeding the Jiqui pond, an important reservoir that supplies 30% of drinking water to the east, west and south population sof the capital of the State. Pitimbu river is passing by a process of environmental degradation, originating from actions as deforestations of its ciliary forests by intensive agricultural practices; introduction of urban and industrial effluents leading to its contamination; increase of the pluvial drainage; erosion, sedimentation and discharge of urban waste , along with pressure for urban settlements along its banks. Under the methodological point of view is part of theoretical planning and land management research, and from a vision of social and environmental spaces. It was produced a survey map of the soil s covering, with 16 classes. Divided into coverage and disturbed natural covering. Using the 300 meters spatial limits of the Environmental Protection Strip, according to the State Law. The survey highlighted a higher percentage of classes disturbed, indicating man s interference in the balance of that system, as well as the lack of environmental actions. Leading to the degradation of riparian areas, and lack of conservation of water resources. Finally, it was considered that the strips of environmental protection are not effective as the preservation and territorial ordination

O carnaval de Natal/RN: espaço dos "índios" no tempo de folia

A cidade de Natal/RN apresenta-se como palco para múltiplas manifestações culturais, entre as quais se encontram as tribos de índios carnavalescas. O presente estudo procurará compreender a produção do carnaval destas agremiações enquanto uma manifestação de lazer e trabalho. Pautado numa visão pluralista, percebemos que os vários usos do espaço implicam em territorialidades que envolvem as dimensões política, econômica e simbólica, intermediadas pela cultura. Sob a análise proposta, pretendemos desvendar as dinâmicas espaciais e os vários agentes sociais que engendram relações de poder, trabalho e sociabilidades, mostrando neste mundo carnavalesco seus aspectos culturais e suas práticas sociais, guardando, em seu cerne, o caráter popular e ordinário do cotidiano. A pesquisa mostra que, para além da racionalidade hegemônica, existem outras racionalidades, manifestadas em microterritorialidades, que acionam mecanismos e táticas cotidianas, valorizando-se o fenômeno do estar-junto, existentes no interior dos centros urbanos, nos bairros e nas ruas

A vilegiatura marítima e a urbanização em Tibau/RN

This research aims the analysis of the urbanization process that has taken place in the coastal city of Tibau/RN in the period comprising 1980-2012, due to the (re) production of space to consumption of leisure and recreation, through the so called practice of Maritime Villeggiatura. Such practice exists so that people settle temporarily on the beach as a second home, interfering in the Regulation of the land use as well as in the urban planning of Tibau, promoting urbanization based in the logic of leisure, with enormous capacity for appropriation and space consumption. The practice of Maritime Villeggiatura in Tibau began in the late nineteenth century, becoming more relevant in the 1980s, when the practice became fashionable for the citizens of Mossoró City, in view of their economic strength, and consumption power to invest in this type of domicile. Tibau has become a great depository of second homes for leisure practice, which contributed even to the city administrative and political emancipation in 1997. The intensification of Real Estate activities, expanding second homes along the coast, results in the urbanization of Tibau territory with the assistance of Local Government, whom was interested in entering Tibau on the State tourism routes. The used methodology comprised literature review, data collection and local observation. Questionnaires were applied in the form of interviews to the villeggiaturistas, local residents, business and trade services local companies, a local agricultural firm named Agricultura Famosa Ltda., Municipal government and the Association of Senior Citizens of the municipality of Tibau. A photographic record was made to visualize the urbanization evolution of Tibau. It has also been taken georeference measures of the area object of study in this research, in order to analyze the use and occupation of the territory by urban and social agents villeggiaturistas and residents. The conclusion is that the urbanization process that has been taken in Tibau occurred along the coast shore, with low population density, and therefore creating difficulties to governance of the Municipal government. Real Estate Sector has been promoting the value increase of urban land in order to fragment the space with private condominiums segregating local resident population to outlying areas of the city, away from the coastline and lacking infrastructure and basic urban services

As faces do corredor cultural de Mossoró-RN: cenários e práticas sociais

This work aims to understand the ways in which the social practices and the scenery within a public space located at the city centre of Mossoró - RN, named `The Cultural Corridor` , are constructed. The public space in question will be looked at and analyzed considering it`s components and specificities that, in relation to each other, work as a `public scenario`. The concept of `scenario` is the key for explaining the human actions in the physical space, that is, in the Cultural Corridor. This work also discusses about the action of the public in general and the political groups, and their relationship, within the context of the social practices related to the use of the Cultural Corridor`s space

A Ceasa-RN e os circuitos da economia urbana: a circulação de hortifrutigranjeiros em Natal-RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Prevalência e fatores associados à morbidade materna: inquérito populacional em Natal/RN

INTRODUCTION: Severe maternal morbidity , also known as maternal near miss , has been used as an alternative to the study of maternal mortality , since being more frequent shares the same determinants and enables the implementati on of epidem iological surveillance of cases . Since then, hospital audits ha ve been carried out to determine the rates of maternal near miss, its mai n causes and associated factors . More recently, population surveys based on self - reported morbidity have als o been presented as vi able in identifying these cases . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of maternal near miss and complications during pregnancy and puerperal period in Natal/RN. METHODS: A cross - secti onal population - based study was conducted in Natal /RN , Brazil, which has as its target population women aged 15 to 49 years who were pregnant in the last five years. It was carried out a probabilistic sam pling design based on a multi - stage complex sample , in which 60 census tracts were selected from three strata (north , south - east and west). Afterwards, domiciles were visited in order to obtain a sample of the 908 eligible women in whom a questionnaire was applied. The descriptive analyzes and bivariate ass ociations were performed using the Chi - square test and the estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR ) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and considering the weights and design effects . The Poisson regression analysis , also with 5% significance and 95% CI, was us ed for analyzes of associated factors. RESULTS: 848 women were identified and interviewed after visits in 8.227 households corresponding to a response rate of 93 . 4 %. The prevalence of maternal near miss was 41 . 1 /1 000NV, being the Intensive Care Unity stay i ng (19 . 1 /1 000 LB ) and eclampsia (13 . 5/1000LB) the most important marker s . The prevalence of complications in the puerperal peri od was 21 . 2 %, and hemorrhage (10 . 7%) and urinary tract infection (10 . 7%) the most frequently reported clinical conditions and rema in ing in the hospital for over a week after delivery the mo st frequent intervention (5.4%) . Regarding associated factors , the bivariate analysis showed an association between the increased number of complications in women of black/brown race ( PR= 1 . 23; CI95 % : 1 . 04 - 1 . 46) and lower socioeconomic status ( PR= 1 . 33; CI95%: 1 . 12 - 1 . 58) in women who had pre natal care in public service ( PR= 1 . 42; CI95%: 1 . 16 to 1 . 72 ) and that were not advised during prenatal about where they should do the d elivery (PR= 1 . 24; CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 46), made the del ivery in the public service (PR= 1 . 63; CI95%: 1 . 30 - 2 . 03), had to search for more than one hospital for delivery (PR=1 . 22; CI95%: 1 . 03 - 1 . 45) and had no companion during childbirth ( PR =1 . 19; CI95%: 1 . 01 - 1 . 41) or at all times of childbirth c are - before, during and after childbirth - ( PR= 1 . 25, CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 48) . Moreover, the number of days postpartum hospitalization was higher in women who had more complications (P R= 1 . 59 ; CI95%: 1 . 36 - 1 . 86). In the final regression model for both birth place (P R= 1 . 21 ; CI 95% : 1 . 02 to 1 . 44 ) and socioeconomic status (PR = 1.54 ; CI95%: 1 . 25 - 1 . 90 ) the association remained. CONCLUSION : Conducting population surveys using the pragmatic definition of near miss is feasible and may add importa nt information about this ev ent . It was possible to find the expression of health inequalities related to maternal health in the analysis of both socioeconomic conditions and on the utilization of health services.

Uma abordagem ergonômica para análise da qualidade do pescado, desde sua captura ao seu desembarque na praia, resultante da atividade dos jangadeiros de Ponta Negra - Natal/RN

The artisan fishing activity, which involves historical - cultural, environmental, social, political, economi c, among other factors, presents, nowadays, as an important source of income, creating jobs and food, contributing to the permanence of man in their own birthplace. However, the fish, considered one of the most perishable foods, requires a proper handling and conservation, from capture to its availability in the market, in order to slow the deterioration process. Thereby, this dissertation aims to study the effect of the manipulation practices on fish quality, from capture to its landing on the beach, resul ting from fisherman’s activity from Ponta Negra - Natal/RN. It also presents the purpose of analyzing the quality of the fish and propose recommendations for their proper handling and possible solutions to add value to the product, through the improvement of the quality and good handling practices. For this purpose, the methodology used was based on ergonomic analysis of their work through observational techniques and interactional with the focus group, the jangadeiros, to understand their activity and eval uated the freshness and quality of the fish by sensory analysis, and microbiological parameters and physicochemical from existing legislation Ordinance No. 185 of May 13, 1997 and RIISPOA - amended on December 1, 2007 and RDC No. 12, dated January 2, 2001. According to the results obtained in laboratory tests, it can be established, the acceptable quality of fish as the existing rules and regulations parameters , not getting significant deterioration caused by poor handling and improper storage of fish.

Análise de estabilidade de falésias na zona costeira de Baía Formosa - RN

The natural and anthropogenic changes that are occurring at the coastal zone around the world represent the greatest problem to society in this century. This problem becomes more evident due to high density of coastal cities, to growing tourist-estate speculation of those areas and to climate change that tend to trigger and accelerate the erosive processes that operating in the littoral. In this context, it‟s possible perceive ever more a significant increase of problems associated to the coastal erosion and retreat of cliffs in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, where this study area of this search is located. The area is located in the coastal zone of the city of Baía Formosa/RN, in south-eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, and has a extension of about 1200 meters along the Porto beach. The main objective of this study is to analyze the stability of these cliffs in this region. Through field investigations, testings and computational analysis using the Finite Element Method and Equilibrium Limit Methods. The area was divided into four sections, and were applied checklists, and also realized characterization tests and direct shear tests with materials obtained along these sections. In this manner, it was found that the segments of cliff in this coastal zone have heights around 4 meters to 14 meters and inclinations of approximately 40° to 90°.However the constituents soils of the cliffs were classified, in general terms in accordance to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), as clayey sands or silty sands, clays of low plasticity, clayey gravels and poorly graduaded sands. The most variegated and clayey soils belong to base of the cliff. The stability analysis showed that the safety factors ranged in section 01, from 1.92 to 4.93, in the section 02, from 1.00 to 1.43, in the section 03, from 1.36 to 1.75 , and section 04, from 1.00 to 3.64. Thus, the sections 02 and 03 were considered more unstable. However, the section 03 can be considered as the most critical section due to the absence of coastal protection structures and the narrow strip of beach.