608 resultados para Kulturelle Aktivität


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Sammelrezension von: 1. Rudolf Lassahn/Birgit Ofenbach (Hrsg.): Bildung in Europa. Frankfurt a. M./Bern: Lang 1993. 162 S. 2. Walter Hornstein/Gerd Mutz unter Mitarbeit von Irene Kühnlein und Angelika Poferl: Die europäische Einigung als gesellschaftlicher Prozeß. Soziale Problemlagen, Partizipation und kulturelle Transformation. Baden-Baden: Nomos 1993. 275 S.

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Ausgehend von einer Differenzierung des Konzeptes „literarische Sozialisation" zeigt der Aufsatz die Entwicklungsbedeutsamkeit des Umgehens mit fiktionalen Texten anhand der Sozialisations-„Produkte" Imaginationsfähigkeit und emotionale Schemata auf. Das Umgehen mit fiktionalen Gechichten kann beitragen zur Entstehung einer imaginativen, entwerfenden Haltung, zur Entwicklung von Empathie, Phantasie, Ich-Beteiligung sowie zur Erprobung eigener Welt- und Selbstentwürfe. Erlebnis- und Denkformen werden erweitert, vertieft und flexibilisiert, und zwar auch in kulturspezifischer und gesellschaftlich erwünschter Weise. Geschichten vermitteln kulturelle Gefühlsschablonen, in denen sich allgemeine Werthierarchien, Sinnentwürfe und normative Erwartungen ausdrücken. (DIPF/Orig.)

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In recent years, the concept of cultural participation has become very popular both in the scientific context as well as in the political discourse. Despite that, a sound definition of the construct allowing for solid empirical data collection and analysis is still missing. While this is a major obstacle for researchers, society and political decision makers ask for evidence-based knowledge concerning the effects and benefits of cultural education and assistant measures. Based on Amartya Sen’s “Capability Approach” and on a broad conception of culture, the authors try to fill this gap and propose a theoretical model of “musical involvement” to describe cultural participation in music. (DIPF/Orig.)

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During the Sedimentation of the platform carbonate deposits of the Korallenoolith Formation (middle Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian) small buildups ofcorals formed in the Lower Saxony Basin. These bioconstructions are restricted to particular horizons (Untere Korallenbank,ßorigenuna-Bank Member etc.) and represent patch reefs and biostromes. In this study, the development of facies, fossil assemblages, spatial distribution of fossils, and reefs of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member (upper Middle Oxfordian) in the Süntel Mts and the eastern Wesergebirge Mts is described; the formation of reefs is discussed in detail. Twelve facies types are described and interpreted. They vary between high-energy deposits as well winnowed oolites and quiet-water lagoonal mudstones. Owing to the significance of biota, micro- and macrofossils are systematically described. The reefs are preserved in growth position, are characterized by numerous corresponding features and belong to a certain reef type. According to their size, shape and framework, they represent patch reefs, coral knobs (sensu James, 1983), coral thrombolite reefs (sensu Leinfelder et al., 1994) or “Klein- and Mitteldickichte” (sensu Laternser, 2001). Their growth fabric corresponds to the superstratal (dense) pillarstone (sensu Insalaco, 1998). As the top of the ßorigenuna-Bank displays an erosional unconformity (so-called Hauptdiskontinuität), the top of the reefs are erosionally capped. Their maximum height amounts to at least the maximum thickness of the ßorigenuna-Bank which does not exceed 4 metres. The diversity of coral fauna of the reefs is relatively low; a total of 13 species is recorded. The coral community is over- whelmingly dominated by the thin-branched ramose Thamnasteria dendroidea (Lamouroux) that forms aggregations of colonies (77?. dendroidea thickets). Leafy to platy Fungiastrea arachnoides (Parkinson) and Thamnasteria concinna (Goldfuss) occur subordinately, other species are only of minor importance. In a few cases, the reef-core consisting of Th. dendroidea thickets is laterally encrusted by platy F. arachnoides and Th. concinna colonies, and microbial carbonates. This zonation reflects probably a succession of different reef builders as a result of changing environmental conditions (allogenic succession). Moreover, some reefs are overlain by a biostrome made of large Solenopora jurassica nodules passing laterally in a nerinean bed. Mikrobial carbonates promoted reef growth and favoured the preservation of reef organismn in their growth position or in situ. They exhibit a platy, dendroid, or reticulate growth form or occur as downward-facing hemispheroids. According to their microstructure, they consist of a peloidal, clotted, or unstructured fabric (predominately layered and poorly structured thrombolite as well as clotted leiolite) (sensu Schmid, 1996). Abundant endo- and epibiontic organisms (bivalves, gastropods, echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, crabs etc) are linked to the reefs. With regard to their guild structure, the reefs represent occurrences at which only a few coral species serve as builder. Moreover, microbial carbonates contribute to both building and binding of the reefs. Additional binder as well as baffler are present, but not abundant. According to the species diversity, the dweller guild comprises by far the highest number of invertebrate taxa. The destroyer guild chiefly encompasses bivalves. The composition of the reef community was influenced by the habitat structure of the Th. dendroidea thickets. Owing to the increase in encrusting organisms and other inhabitants of the thickets, the locational factors changed, since light intensity and hydrodynamic energy level and combined parameters as oxygen supply declined in the crowded habitat. Therefore a characteristic succession of organisms is developed that depends on and responds to changing environmental conditions („community replacement sequence“). The succession allows the differentiation of different stages. It started after the cessation of the polyps with boring organisms and photoautotrophic micro-encrusters (calcareous algae, Lithocodium aggregatum). Following the death of these pioneer organisms, encrusting and adherent organisms (serpulids, „Terebella“ species, bryozoans, foraminifers, thecideidinids, sklerospongid and pharetronid sponges, terebratulids), small mobile organisms (limpets), and microbial induced carbonates developed. The final stage in the community replacement sequence gave rise to small cryptic habitats and organisms that belong to these caves (cryptobionts, coelobites). The habitat conditions especially favoured small non-rigid demosponges (“soft sponges”) that tolerate reduced water circulation. Reef rubble is negligible, so that the reefs are bordered by fossiliferous micritic limestone passing laterally in micritic limestone. Approximately 10% of the study area (outcropping florigemma-Bank) corresponds to reefal deposits whereas the remaining 90% encompass lagoonal inter-reefal deposits. The reef development is a good example for the interaction between reef growth, facies development and sea-level changes. It was initiated by a sea-level rise (transgression) and corresponding decrease in the hydrodynamic energy level. Colonization and reef growth took place on a coarse-grained Substrate composed of oncoids, larger foraminifers and bioclasts. Reef growth took place in a calm marine lagoonal setting. Increasing abundance of spherical coral morphs towards the Northeast (section Kessiehausen, northwestem Süntel Mts) reflects higher turbidity and a facies transition to coral occurrences of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member in the adjacent Deister Mts. The reef growth was neither influenced by stonns nor by input of siliciclastic deposits, and took place in short time - probably in only a thousand years under most probably mesotrophic conditions. The mass appearance of solenoporids and nerineids in the upper part of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member point to enhanced nutrient level as a result of regression. In addition, this scenario of fluctuations in nutrient availability seems to be responsible for the cessation of reef corals. The sea level fall reached its climax in the subaerial exposure and palaeokarst development of the florigemma-Bank. The reef building corals are typical pioneer species. The blade-like, flattened F. amchnoides colonies are characterized by their light porous calcium carbonate skeleton, which is a distinct advantage in soft bottom environment. Thus, they settled on soft bottom exposing the large parts of its surface to the incoming light. On the other hand, in response to their light requirements they were also able to settle shaded canopy structures or reef caves. Th. dendroidea is an opportunistic coral species in very shallow, well illuminated marine environment. Their thin and densely spaced branches led to a very high surface/volume ratio of the colonies that were capable to exploit incoming light due to their small thamasterioid calices characterized by “highly integrated polyps”. In addition, sideward coalescence of branches during colony growth led to a wave-resistant framework and favoured the authochthonous preservation of the reefs. Asexual reproduction by fragmented colonies promoted reef development as Th. dendroidea thickets laterally extend over the sea floor or new reefs have developed from broken fragments of parent colonies. Similar build ups with Th. dendroidea as a dominant or frequent reef building coral species are known from the Paris Basin and elsewhere from the Lower Saxony Basin (Kleiner Deister Mts). These buildups developed in well-illuminated shallow water and encompass coral reefs or coral thrombolite reefs. Intra- and inter-reef deposits vary between well-winnowed reef debris limestone and mudstones representing considerably calmer conditions. Solenoporid, nerineids and diceratides belong to the characteristic fossils of these occurrences. However, diceratides are missing in theflorigemma-Bank Member. Th. dendroidea differs in its colonization of low- to high-energy environment from recent ramose scleractinian corals (e.g., Acropora and Porites sp.). The latter are restricted to agitated water habitats creating coral thickets and carpets. According to the morphologic plasticity of Th. dendroidea, thick-branched colonies developed in a milieu of high water energy, whereas fragile, wide- and thin-branched colonies prevail in low-energy settings. Due to its relatively rapid growth, Th. dendroidea was able to keep pace with increased Sedimentation rates. 68 benthonic foraminiferan species/taxa have been recognized in thin sections. Agglutinated foraminifers (textulariids) predominate when compared with rotaliids and milioliids. Numerous species are restricted to a certain facies type or occur in higher population densities, in particular Everticyclammina sp., a larger agglutinated foraminifer that occurs in rock building amounts. Among the 25 reef dwelling foraminiferal species, a few were so far only known from Late Jurassic sponge reefs. Another striking feature is the frequency of adherent foraminiferal species. Fauna and flora, in particular dasycladaleans and agglutinated foraminifers, document palaeobiogeographic relationships to the Tethys and point to (sub)tropical conditions. Moreover, in Germany this foraminiferan assemblage is yet uncompared. In Southern Germany similar tethyan type assemblages are not present in strata as young as Middle Tithonian.

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Kultureller Wandel und Musikpädagogik stehen in einem dialektischen Verhältnis zueinander, weil zu den Schwerpunktfeldern musikpädagogischer Theoriebildung und schulischer wie außerschulischer Praxis das sich wandelnde kulturelle Handeln von (jungen) Menschen gehört, zugleich aber die Musikpädagogik in ihrem Selbstverständnis selbst einem Wandel unterliegt. Unter dem Thema der 99er Tagung des AMPF >Kultureller Wandel und Musikpädagogik< sind daher zahlreiche Beiträge zusammengekommen, die in ihrer thematischen Breite zentrale Aspekte dieses kulturpolitischen wie auch musikpädagogischen Wandels aufnehmen und so einen Beitrag zur theoretischen Reflexion bzw. Begründung des Kulturbegriffs und seine Bedeutung für das Handlungsfeld der schulischen und außerschulischen Sozialisation leisten. (DIPF/Orig.)

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Körperliche Aktivität scheint einen positiven Effekt auf die exekutiven Funktionen von Kindern zu haben. Unklar ist jedoch, ob verschiedene Arten von körperlicher Aktivität die exekutiven Funktionen gleichermaßen beeinflussen und ob alle Kinder gleichermaßen profitieren. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden verschiedene 20-minütige Interventionen mit variierendem Anteil körperlicher und kognitiver Aktivierung durchgeführt. 217 Kinder wurden randomisiert einer von vier Gruppen zugeteilt. Vor und nach den Interventionen wurde die Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung gemessen. Über die gesamte Stichprobe hinweg konnten keine Interventionseffekte festgestellt werden. Die Schulleistung der Kinder hatte jedoch einen moderierenden Effekt: Während bei Kindern mit tieferer Schulleistung keine Effekte gefunden wurden, verbesserten sich die Kinder mit höherer Schulleistung durch alle Interventionsbedingungen signifikant stärker als durch die Kontrollbedingung. Die fehlenden Effekte in der Gesamtstichprobe werfen die Frage auf, ob es möglicherweise in einem natürlichen Setting und im Gruppenkontext schwieriger ist Effekte zu erzielen als in streng kontrollierten Laborsettings. Zudem weist der selektive Effekt auf das Arbeitsgedächtnis bei Kindern mit höherer Schulleistung darauf hin, dass nicht alle Kinder gleichermaßen von einer Intervention zu profitieren scheinen und möglicherweise individuelle Anpassungen nötig sind, um einen allgemeineren positiven Effekt zu erzielen.

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Die zentrale Forschungsaufgabe der Dissertation „Die Landschaften der Inseln Rügen, Hiddensee und Vilm in ihrer Bedeutung für die Landschaftsmalerei zwischen dem 18. und 21.Jahrhundert als Beitrag für die Landschaftsplanung“ ist die Beweisführung einer persistenten Landschaftsmalerei mit einem Fokus auf bestimmte Orte und Landschaftstypologien. Ferner war bisher unbeantwortet, ob es in dem Zeitraum vom Aufkommen der ersten Landschaftsgemälde im 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart zu einer Verschiebung des künstlerischen Interesses für bestimmte Landschaftsausschnitte gekommen ist.Zudem soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob sich im Laufe der Epochen Motive änderten und es Gründe für die Auswahl und Darstellung der spezifisch wahrgenommenen Landschaft gab. In dieser Arbeit wird der Suche nach einer kollektiven Landschaft nachgegangen. In Anlehnung an Konzepte zum kollektiven Gedächtnis von Maurice Halbwachs (1939) wird es neben individuellen Deutungsmustern auch kulturelle Bedingungen und/oder Übereinkünfte geben, weshalb bestimmte Motive und Orte von den Landschaftsmalern bevorzugt wurden. Bevorzugung wird hier verstanden, als die bewusste Auseinandersetzung im künstlerischen Schaffen mit Objekten im Raum, die in ihrer Gesamtheit als Landschaft wahrgenommen werden. Auf den Inseln Rügen, Hiddensee und Vilm konnten über 60 Malerorte nachgewiesen werden, die persistent Grundlage für die Erschaffung von Landschaftsgemälden gaben. Diese "malerischen" Orte sollten in der kommunalen Landschaftsplanung mehr Berücksichtigung finden.