Langues/ religions/ systèmes scolaires : l'identité tchadienne et les apports de la France

Questo elaborato mira ad analizzare i rapporti tra la Francia, in quanto colonizzatore in Africa, e il Ciad e l'influenza da essa esercitata sul piano religioso,linguistico e culturale. In primis viene presentata la situazione linguistico-culturale del Ciad, diviso internamente tra Nord e Sud. Poi vengono confrontati il sistema scolastico francese e quello arabo sia dal punto di vista dell'organizzazione che di partecipazione e importanza, e analizzate le conflittualità tra questi due sistemi. Infine, dopo essersi concentrati sui problemi dell'istruzione in Ciad, si dibatte sulla possibilità di risolvere le situazioni di conflitto che lo stato presenta.

Differences Between Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty in the Lao PDR: Implications for Targeting of Poverty Reduction Policies and Interventions

This study compares monetary and multidimensional poverty measures for the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Using household data of 2007/2008, we compare the empirical outcomes of the country’s current official monetary poverty measure with those of a multidimensional poverty measure. We analyze which population subgroups are identified as poor by both measures and thus belong to the category of the poorest of the poor; and we look at which subgroups are identified as poor by only one of the measures and belong either to the category of the income-poor (identified as poor only by the monetary measure) or to that of the overlooked poor (identified as poor only by the multidimensional poverty measure). Furthermore, we examined drivers of these differences using a multinomial regression model and found that monetary poverty does not capture the multiple deprivations of ethnic minorities, who are only identified as poor when using a multidimensional poverty measure. We conclude that complementing the monetary poverty measure with a multidimensional poverty index would enable more effective targeting of poverty reduction efforts.

Hygiène scolaire; considérations sur l'état hygiénique des écoles publiques, présentées aux autorités scolaires, aux instituteurs et aux parents,

Mode of access: Internet.

Integration of risk factor interventions : two reports to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

"November 1986."

Mémoires et documents scolaires publiés par le Musée pedagogique.

Mode of access: Internet.

Factors to consider in Micronesian food-based interventions: a case study of preventing Vitamin A deficiency

Background: Many factors need to be considered in a food-based intervention. Vitamin A deficiency and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer, have become serious problems in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) following the decreased production and consumption of locally grown foods. However, agricultural and social conditions are still favourable for local food production. Aim: To identify key factors to consider in a Micronesian food-based intervention focusing on increased production and consumption of four major Micronesian staple foods: banana, breadfruit, giant swamp taro and pandanus. Methods: Ethnographic methods including key informant interviews and a literature review. Results: Pacific and Micronesian values, concepts of food and disease, and food classifications differ sharply from Western concepts. There are few FSM professionals with nutrition expertise. Traditional foods and food cultivars vary in nutrient content, consumption level, cost, availability, status, convenience in growing, storing and cooking, and organoleptic factors. Conclusions: A systematic consideration of the factors that relate to a food-based intervention is critical to its success. The evaluation of which food and cultivar of that food that might be most effectively promoted is also critical. Regional differences, for example FSM inter-island differences between the staple foods and cultivars, must be considered carefully. The evaluation framework presented here may be relevant to Pacific island and other countries with similar foods where food-based interventions are being planned. An ethnographic approach was found to be essential in understanding the cultural context and in data collection and analysis.